Hadoop 常见指令

一 概述

二 HDFS 管理命令 fs

三 作业管理命令 job

四 作业提交命令 jar

五 如何停止正在运行的 Hadoop 程序

六 附录

一. 概述

bin 目录下的 Hadoop 脚本是最基础的集群管理脚本，用户可以通过该脚本完成各种功能，如 HDFS 文件管理、MapReduce 作业管理等。该脚本的使用方式：

hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND

–config 是用于设置 Hadoop 配置文件目录，默认目录为 ${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/

COMMAND 是具体的某个命令，常用的如下几个命令

HDFS 管理命令 fs

作业管理命令 job

作业提交命令 jar

我们可以键入

hadoop

，以查看更多的命令：

Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND
where COMMAND is one of:
fs                   run a generic filesystem user client
version              print the version
jar <jar>            run a jar file
checknative [-a|-h]  check native hadoop and compression libraries availability
distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
classpath            prints the class path needed to get the
credential           interact with credential providers
Hadoop jar and the required libraries
daemonlog            get/set the log level for each daemon
or
CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME

Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.

二. HDFS 管理命令 fs

[hadoop5@master5 ~]$ hadoop fs -help
Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-checksum <src> ...]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-count [-q] <path> ...]
[-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst>]
[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
[-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
[-expunge]
[-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
[-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
[-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
[-help [cmd ...]]
[-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
[-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
[-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
[-stat [format] <path> ...]
[-tail [-f] <file>]
[-test -[defsz] <path>]
[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-touchz <path> ...]
[-usage [cmd ...]]

具体想查某个指令的用法，可以键入以下命令查看

hadoop fs -usage ls

更多详细信息，请参考：《Hadoop Shell命令 》 及 附录

三. 作业管理命令 job

hadoop5@master5 ~]$ hadoop job -help
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute mapred command is deprecated.
Instead use the mapred command for it.

Usage: CLI <command> <args>
[-submit <job-file>]
[-status <job-id>]
[-counter <job-id> <group-name> <counter-name>]
[-kill <job-id>]
[-set-priority <job-id> <priority>]. Valid values for priorities are: VERY_HIGH HIGH NORMAL LOW VERY_LOW
[-events <job-id> <from-event-#> <#-of-events>]
[-history <jobHistoryFile>]
[-list [all]]
[-list-active-trackers]
[-list-blacklisted-trackers]
[-list-attempt-ids <job-id> <task-type> <task-state>]. Valid values for <task-type> are MAP REDUCE. Valid values for <task-state> are running, completed
[-kill-task <task-attempt-id>]
[-fail-task <task-attempt-id>]
[-logs <job-id> <task-attempt-id>]

Generic options supported are
-conf <configuration file>     specify an application configuration file
-D <property=value>            use value for given property
-fs <local|namenode:port>      specify a namenode
-jt <local|jobtracker:port>    specify a job tracker
-files <comma separated list of files>    specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster
-libjars <comma separated list of jars>    specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath.
-archives <comma separated list of archives>    specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.

The general command line syntax is
bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]

四. 作业提交命令 jar

hadoop jar <jar> [mainClass] args..

<jar>

表示 jar 包名

mainClass 表示 main class 名称，可以不必输入而由 jar 命名自动搜索

args 是 main class 输入参数

bin/hadoop  jar hadoop-examples-1.0.0.jar wordcount /text/input /test/output

五. 如何停止正在运行的 Hadoop 程序

这需要根据 Hadoop 的版本

1. version 小于2.3.0

查看正在运行的 Hadoop 任务

hadoop job -list

关闭 Hadoop 任务进程

hadoop job -kill $jobId

组合以上两条命令就可以实现 kill 掉指定用户的 job

for i in `hadoop job -list | grep -w  username| awk '{print $1}' | grep job_`; do hadoop job -kill $i; done

username 就是你希望关闭 Hadoop 任务的用户

2. version 大于等于2.3.0

查看正在运行的 Hadoop 任务

yarn application -list

关闭 Hadoop 任务进程

yarn application -kill $ApplicationId

六. 附录