桌面气泡通知 （Desktop notifications ）

效果图：





守护进程中调用不生效，因为守护进程对图形和终端有一定的限制。可以打印信息到文件里，或者写syslog。

Libnotify

Libnotify 是Qt和GTK图形的一个扩展，已经广泛的应用于许多开源程序，如：Evolution和Pidgin。Libnotify会在安装libnotify时被安装。

使用libnotify必须安装 notification server.

Notification servers

内置

下面的桌面环境中使用自己实现的显示通知，你不能代替他们。他们的通知服务器在登录时自动启动通过的DBus接收来自应用程序的通知。

Cinnamon provides
a notification server itself. Notifications are displayed at the top right corner of the screen.
Enlightenment provides
a notification server through its Notification extension. Notification options are
configurable.
GNOME provides a notification
server itself. Notifications are displayed at the top of the screen.
KDE
Plasma provides a notification server itself. Notifications are displayed at the bottom right corner of the screen.

独立

在其他的桌面环境中, notification server 需要通过 WM's/DE's "autostart" 选项启动. (它可以通过的DBus第一个i会话被推出，但是这不是很理想，因为它需要全局配置.)

You can choose one of the following implementations:

Avant
Window Navigator — A notification-daemon applet is available for AWN.

https://github.com/p12tic/awn-extras || awn-extras-appletsAUR

Deepin Notifications — Notification server for Deepin.

https://github.com/linuxdeepin/deepin-notifications || deepin-notifications

Dunst — Minimalistic notification daemon for Linux designed to fit nicely into minimalistic windowmanagers like dwm.

http://www.knopwob.org/dunst/ || dunst

LXQt Notification Daemon — Notification server for LXQt.

https://github.com/lxde/lxqt-notificationd || lxqt-notificationd

Notification Daemon — The notification server used by GNOME
Flashback.

https://github.com/GNOME/notification-daemon || notification-daemonYou can run it manually using

/usr/lib/notification-daemon-1.0/notification-daemon

.

MATE Notification Daemon — Notification server for MATE.

https://github.com/mate-desktop/mate-notification-daemon/ ||
GTK+ 2: mate-notification-daemon,
GTK+ 3 (experimental): mate-notification-daemon-gtk3

Notify OSD — Notification server for Unity.

https://launchpad.net/notify-osd || notify-osd

statnot — Small, lightweight notification daemon that can output notifications to the root window's title, stdout or FIFO pipes, making it integrate very well with tiling window managers.

https://github.com/halhen/statnot || statnotAUR

twmn — Notification system for tiling window managers.

https://github.com/sboli/twmn || twmn-gitAUR

Xfce Notification Daemon — Notification server for Xfce.

http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/xfce4-notifyd || xfce4-notifyd

Tip: To configure xfce4-notifyd, run the following command:

xfce4-notifyd-config

.

在程序中用法

在许多编程语言中，您可以通过 GObject-Introspection或bindings很容易地编写你自己的libnotify显示消息，也可以简单地使用bash。

下面是实现“Hello world”气泡消息的简单示例

Bash

Dependency: libnotify

hello_world.sh

#!/bin/bash
notify-send 'Hello world!' 'This is an example notification.' --icon=dialog-information

Tip:

可用的内置图标概述e...http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-naming-spec/icon-naming-spec-latest.html（也可以自定义图标）
要以root运行一个后台脚本发送桌面通知（更换用户与用户运行的X）：

# sudo -u X_user DISPLAY=:0 notify-send 'Hello world!' 'This is an example notification.'

Boo

Dependency: notify-sharp-3 (boo)
Makedependency: boo
Build with:

booc hello_world.boo

Run with:

mono hello_world.exe

(or

booi
hello_world.boo

)

hello_world.boo

import Notifications from "notify-sharp"
Hello = Notification()
Hello.Summary  = "Hello world!"
Hello.Body     = "This is an example notification."
Hello.IconName = "dialog-information"
Hello.Show()

C

Dependency: libnotify
Build with:

gcc -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs libnotify` hello_world.c

hello_world.c

#include <libnotify/notify.h>
void main () {
notify_init ("Hello world!");
NotifyNotification * Hello = notify_notification_new ("Hello world", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information");
notify_notification_show (Hello, NULL);
g_object_unref(G_OBJECT(Hello));
notify_uninit();
}

C++

Dependency: libnotifymmAUR
Build with:

g++ -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs libnotifymm-1.0` hello_world.cc

hello_world.cc

#include <libnotifymm.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
Notify::init("Hello world!");
Notify::Notification Hello("Hello world", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information");
Hello.show();
}

C#

Dependency: notify-sharp-3
Build with:

mcs -pkg:notify-sharp-3.0 hello_world.cs

Run with:

mono hello_world.exe

hello_world.cs

using Notifications;
public class HelloWorld {
static void Main() {
var Hello = new Notification();
Hello.Summary  = "Hello world!";
Hello.Body     = "This is an example notification.";
Hello.IconName = "dialog-information";
Hello.Show();
}
}

Cobra

Dependency: notify-sharp-3
Makedependency: cobraAUR[broken
link: archived in aur-mirror]
Build with:

cobra -c hello_world

Run with:

mono hello_world.exe

hello_world.cs

@args -pkg:notify-sharp-3.0
use Notifications
class HelloWorld
def main
hello = Notification()
hello.summary  = "Hello world!"
hello.body     = "This is an example notification."
hello.iconName = "dialog-information"
hello.show

F#

Dependency: notify-sharp-3
Makedependency: fsharpAUR
Build with:

fsharpc -r:notify-sharp.dll -I:/usr/lib/mono/notify-sharp-3.0/ -I:/usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-3.0/
hello_world.fs

Run with:

mono hello_world.exe

hello_world.fs

open Notifications
let Hello = new Notification()
Hello.Summary  <- "Hello world!"
Hello.Body     <- "This is an example notification."
Hello.IconName <- "dialog-information"
Hello.Show()

Genie

Dependency: libnotify
Makedependency: vala
Build with:

valac --pkg libnotify hello_world.gs

hello_world.gs

uses
Notify

init
Notify.init ("Hello world")
var Hello=new Notification ("Hello world!","This is an example notification.","dialog-information")
Hello.show ()

Groovy

Dependencies: groovy, java-gnomeAUR
Build with:

groovyc -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.groovy && jar cfe HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld
HelloWorld.class

Run with:

java -cp /usr/share/groovy/embeddable/groovy-all.jar:/usr/share/java/gtk.jar:HelloWorld.jar
HelloWorld

(or

groovy -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.groovy

)

HelloWorld.groovy

import org.gnome.gtk.*
import org.gnome.notify.*

Gtk.init()
Notify.init("Hello world")
def Hello = new Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information")
Hello.show()

Java

Dependency: java-gnomeAUR
Makedependency: java-environment
Build with:

javac -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.java && jar cfe HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld HelloWorld.class

Run with:

java -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar:HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld

HelloWorld.java

import org.gnome.gtk.Gtk;
import org.gnome.notify.Notify;
import org.gnome.notify.Notification;

public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Gtk.init(args);
Notify.init("Hello world");
Notification Hello = new Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information");
Hello.show();
}
}

JavaScript

Dependencies: libnotify, gjs (works
also with seed)

hello_world.js

#!/usr/bin/gjs
const Notify = imports.gi.Notify;
Notify.init ("Hello world");
var Hello=new Notify.Notification ({summary: "Hello world!",
body: "This is an example notification.",
"icon-name": "dialog-information"});
Hello.show ();

Lua

Dependencies: libnotify, lua-lgi

hello_world.lua

#!/usr/bin/lua
lgi = require 'lgi'
Notify = lgi.require('Notify')
Notify.init("Hello world")
Hello=Notify.Notification.new("Hello world","This is an example notification.","dialog-information")
Hello:show()

Perl

Dependencies: libnotify, perl-glib-object-introspectionAUR

hello_world.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
use Glib::Object::Introspection;
Glib::Object::Introspection->setup (
basename => 'Notify',
version => '0.7',
package => 'Notify');
Notify->init;
my $hello = Notify::Notification->new("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information");
$hello->show;

Python

Dependencies: libnotify, python-gobject (or python2-gobject for
Python 2)

hello_world.py

#!/usr/bin/python
from gi.repository import Notify
Notify.init("Hello world")
Hello=Notify.Notification.new("Hello world", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information")
Hello.show()

Ruby

Dependencies: libnotify, ruby-gir_ffiAUR[broken
link: archived in aur-mirror]

hello_world.rb

#!/usr/bin/ruby
require 'gir_ffi'
GirFFI.setup :Notify
Notify.init("Hello world")
Hello = Notify::Notification.new("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information")
Hello.show

Rust

Dependencies: rust and cargo-binAUR (or
just multirustAUR)
notification crate: notify-rust

hello_world.rs

extern crate notify_rust;
use notify_rust::Notification;
fn main(){
Notification::new()
.summary("Hello world")
.body("This is an example notification")
.icon("dialog-information")
.show();
}

Scala

Dependency: java-gnomeAUR (and scala)
Makedependency: scala
Build with:

scalac -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar -d HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld.scala

Run with:

java -cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar:HelloWorld.jar HelloWorld

(or

scala
-cp /usr/share/java/gtk.jar HelloWorld.scala

)

HelloWorld.scala

import org.gnome.gtk._
import org.gnome.notify._

object HelloWorld {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
Gtk.init(args)
Notify.init("Hello world")
var Hello = new Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information")
Hello.show()
}
}

Vala

Dependency: libnotify
Makedependency: vala
Build with:

valac --pkg libnotify hello_world.vala

hello_world.vala

using Notify;
public class HelloWorld {
static void main () {
Notify.init ("Hello world");
var Hello = new Notification("Hello world!", "This is an example notification.", "dialog-information");
Hello.show ();
}
}

Visual Basic .NET

Dependency: notify-sharp-3
Makedependency: mono-basic
Build with:

vbnc -r:/usr/lib/mono/notify-sharp-3.0/notify-sharp.dll hello_world.vb

Run with:

mono hello_world.exe

hello_world.vb

Imports Notifications
Public Class Hello
Public Shared Sub Main
Dim Hello As New Notification
Hello.Summary  = "Hello world!"
Hello.Body     = "This is an example notification."
Hello.IconName = "dialog-information"
Hello.Show
End Sub
End Class

另见

Libnotify 手册：https://developer.gnome.org/libnotify/
C 实例：http://milky.manishsinha.net/2009/03/29/working-with-libnotify/
Python 实例(french article)：https://hashbang.fr/tutoriel-notify.html

官网资料：https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Desktop_notifications

气泡中图标资料：http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-naming-spec/icon-naming-spec-latest.html