ES中文学习指南---入门篇

从最简单的开始，了解索引(indexing)、搜索(search)以及聚合(aggregations)。

工具：Sense插件，head插件

让我们建立一个员工目录

假设我们刚好在Megacorp工作，这时人力资源部门出于某种目的需要让我们创建一个员工目录，这个目录用于促进人文关怀和用于实时协同工作，所以它有以下不同的需求：

数据能够包含多个值的标签、数字和纯文本。

检索任何员工的所有信息。

支持结构化搜索，例如查找30岁以上的员工。

支持简单的全文搜索和更复杂的短语(phrase)搜索

高亮搜索结果中的关键字

能够利用图表管理分析这些数据

1.直接上传文档到ES，能自动创建索引，可以在elasticsearch.yml设置里增加

action.auto_create_index: false

来取消自动创建索引的功能。

我们手动插入3条数据：

PUT /megacorp/employee/1
{
"first_name" : "John",
"last_name" :  "Smith",
"age" :        25,
"about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}

PUT /megacorp/employee/2
{
"first_name" :  "Jane",
"last_name" :   "Smith",
"age" :         32,
"about" :       "I like to collect rock albums",
"interests":  [ "music" ]
}

PUT /megacorp/employee/3
{
"first_name" :  "Douglas",
"last_name" :   "Fir",
"age" :         35,
"about":        "I like to build cabinets",
"interests":  [ "forestry" ]
}

自动创建的索引结果为：

{

"state": "open",
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1452563538027",
"number_of_shards": "5",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "Vf1xw2nxRi20wsuByM5Yvw",
"version": {
"created": "2010199"
}
}
},
"mappings": {
"employee": {
"properties": {
"about": {
"type": "string"
},
"last_name": {
"type": "string"
},
"interests": {
"type": "string"
},
"first_name": {
"type": "string"
},
"age": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
},
"aliases": [ ]

}

2. 进行简单的搜索：

GET /megacorp/employee/_search?q=last_name:Smith

返回结果：

{
"took": 3,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.30685282,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "megacorp",
"_type": "employee",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.30685282,
"_source": {
"first_name": "Jane",
"last_name": "Smith",
"age": 32,
"about": "I like to collect rock albums",
"interests": [
"music"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "megacorp",
"_type": "employee",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.30685282,
"_source": {
"first_name": "John",
"last_name": "Smith",
"age": 25,
"about": "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [
"sports",
"music"
]
}
}
]
}
}

3.复杂一些的搜索

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
"query" : {
"match" : {
"last_name" : "Smith"
}
}
}
//查找姓smith的人，确切值查询。
GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
"query" : {
"filtered" : {
"filter" : {
"range" : {
"age" : { "gt" : 30 }
}
},
"query" : {
"match" : {
"last_name" : "smith"
}
}
}
}
}
//查找年龄大于30并且姓smith的人。

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
"query" : {
"match" : {
"about" : "rock climbing"
}
}
}
//全文检索，对about字段里的clock climbing搜索结果进行相关性排序。
返回如下：

{
"took": 5,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.16273327,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "megacorp",
"_type": "employee",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.16273327,
"_source": {
"first_name": "John",
"last_name": "Smith",
"age": 25,
"about": "I love to go rock climbing",
"interests": [
"sports",
"music"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "megacorp",
"_type": "employee",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.016878016,
"_source": {
"first_name": "Jane",
"last_name": "Smith",
"age": 32,
"about": "I like to collect rock albums",
"interests": [
"music"
]
}
}
]

//精确查找并将搜索结果高亮。↓
GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
"query" : {
"match_phrase" : {
"about" : "rock climbing"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields" : {
"about" : {}
}
}
}
//聚合查询↓ 数据量太大的时候会有性能的影响。
GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
"aggs": {
"all_interests": {
"terms": { "field": "interests" }
}
}
}

GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"last_name": "smith"
}
},
"aggs": {
"all_interests": {
"terms": {
"field": "interests"
}
}
}
}
GET /megacorp/employee/_search
{
"aggs" : {
"all_interests" : {
"terms" : { "field" : "interests" },
"aggs" : {
"avg_age" : {
"avg" : { "field" : "age" }
}
}
}
}
}
}
}