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SparseArray介绍

2016-01-12 10:02 281 查看
首先说一下SparseArray是什么东西,在java中我们也没见过这个API啊,哦,原来是android中定义的一个类,按字面意思来说是一个稀疏数组,但通过源码注释我们发现它和数组有很大的区别:

SparseArrays map integers to Objects.  Unlike a normal array of Objects,
* there can be gaps in the indices.  It is intended to be more memory efficient
* than using a HashMap to map Integers to Objects, both because it avoids
* auto-boxing keys and its data structure doesn't rely on an extra entry object
* for each mapping.


我们通过这段注释大体知道,android希望我们用SparseArray在一些情况下代替HashMap来使用,因为它有更好的性能,大家都知道内存是非常宝贵的,尤其是在手机上。

再看一下它的两个构造函数:

/**
* Creates a new SparseArray containing no mappings.
*/
public SparseArray() {
this(10);
}

/**
* Creates a new SparseArray containing no mappings that will not
* require any additional memory allocation to store the specified
* number of mappings.  If you supply an initial capacity of 0, the
* sparse array will be initialized with a light-weight representation
* not requiring any additional array allocations.
*/
public SparseArray(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity == 0) {
mKeys = EmptyArray.INT;
mValues = EmptyArray.OBJECT;
} else {
mValues = ArrayUtils.newUnpaddedObjectArray(initialCapacity);
mKeys = new int[mValues.length];
}
mSize = 0;
}


发现其默认的key-value数组大小是10,当然也可以是自定义的。

SparseArray中有一些和HashMap中相似的实用方法,比如:

put(int key, E value)
get(int key)
get(int key, E valueIfKeyNotFound)
delete(int key)
removeAt(int index)
keyAt(int index)
valueAt(int index)
等等。


随便分析一个方法,比如put(int key,E value):

/**
* Adds a mapping from the specified key to the specified value,
* replacing the previous mapping from the specified key if there
* was one.
*/
public void put(int key, E value) {
int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);

if (i >= 0) {
mValues[i] = value;
} else {
i = ~i;

if (i < mSize && mValues[i] == DELETED) {
mKeys[i] = key;
mValues[i] = value;
return;
}

if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) {
gc();

// Search again because indices may have changed.
i = ~ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);
}

mKeys = GrowingArrayUtils.insert(mKeys, mSize, i, key);
mValues = GrowingArrayUtils.insert(mValues, mSize, i, value);
mSize++;
}
}


代码中首先查询该key在SparseArray中是否已经存在,若存在,替换掉,若不存在,把对应的key和value插入到对应的数组中,然后mSize++。大家注意到在查询key时使用的折半查找,看源码:

class ContainerHelpers {

// This is Arrays.binarySearch(), but doesn't do any argument validation.
static int binarySearch(int[] array, int size, int value) {
int lo = 0;
int hi = size - 1;

while (lo <= hi) {
final int mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
final int midVal = array[mid];

if (midVal < value) {
lo = mid + 1;
} else if (midVal > value) {
hi = mid - 1;
} else {
return mid;  // value found
}
}
return ~lo;  // value not present
}

static int binarySearch(long[] array, int size, long value) {
int lo = 0;
int hi = size - 1;

while (lo <= hi) {
final int mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
final long midVal = array[mid];

if (midVal < value) {
lo = mid + 1;
} else if (midVal > value) {
hi = mid - 1;
} else {
return mid;  // value found
}
}
return ~lo;  // value not present
}
}


哇哦,是不是我们在java中常用的一种查找方式。

知道了这些之后,我们以后就可以使用SparseArray来代替HashMap了,但是要注意SparseArray中的key是int类型,若实际中不是int类型,还得乖乖的使用map,另外,根据key-value中的value类型不同,android又给封装了SparseIntArray,SparseBooleanArray,SparseLongArray等等,使用方法和SparseArray都大同小异,只要你会使用Map,那么你就会使用SparseArray。
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