用Python编写一个简单的Http Server

原文地址：Write a simple HTTP server in Python

http://www.acmesystems.it/python_httpd

例子中源码：

https://github.com/tanzilli/playground/tree/master/python/httpserver

用Python编写一个简单的Http Server

Python内置了支持HTTP协议的模块，我们可以用来开发单机版功能较少的Web服务器。Python支持该功能的实现模块是BaseFTTPServer， 我们只需要在项目中引入就可以了:

from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer

Hello world !

Let’s start with the first basic example. It just return “Hello World !” on the web browser.

让我们来看第一个基本例子，在浏览器上输出”Hello World ”

example1.py

#!/usr/bin/python
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer

PORT_NUMBER = 8080

#This class will handles any incoming request from
#the browser
class myHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

#Handler for the GET requests
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type','text/html')
self.end_headers()
# Send the html message
self.wfile.write("Hello World !")
return

try:
#Create a web server and define the handler to manage the
#incoming request
server = HTTPServer(('', PORT_NUMBER), myHandler)
print 'Started httpserver on port ' , PORT_NUMBER

#Wait forever for incoming htto requests
server.serve_forever()

except KeyboardInterrupt:
print '^C received, shutting down the web server'
server.socket.close()

执行以下命令运行:

python example1.py

用你的浏览器打开这个地址http://your_ip:8080

浏览器上将会显示”Hello World !” 同时在终端上将会出现两条日志信息：

Started httpserver on port 8080

10.55.98.7 - - [30/Jan/2012 15:40:52] “GET / HTTP/1.1” 200 -

10.55.98.7 - - [30/Jan/2012 15:40:52] “GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1” 200 -

Serve static files

让我们来尝试下提供静态文件的例子，像index.html, style.css, javascript和images:

example2.py

#!/usr/bin/python
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer
from os import curdir, sep

PORT_NUMBER = 8080

#This class will handles any incoming request from
#the browser
class myHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

#Handler for the GET requests
def do_GET(self):
if self.path=="/":
self.path="/index_example2.html"

try:
#Check the file extension required and
#set the right mime type

sendReply = False
if self.path.endswith(".html"):
mimetype='text/html'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".jpg"):
mimetype='image/jpg'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".gif"):
mimetype='image/gif'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".js"):
mimetype='application/javascript'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".css"):
mimetype='text/css'
sendReply = True

if sendReply == True:
#Open the static file requested and send it
f = open(curdir + sep + self.path)
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type',mimetype)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(f.read())
f.close()
return

except IOError:
self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)

try:
#Create a web server and define the handler to manage the
#incoming request
server = HTTPServer(('', PORT_NUMBER), myHandler)
print 'Started httpserver on port ' , PORT_NUMBER

#Wait forever for incoming htto requests
server.serve_forever()

except KeyboardInterrupt:
print '^C received, shutting down the web server'
server.socket.close()

这个新样例实现功能：

检查请求文件扩展名

设置正确的媒体类型返回给浏览器

打开请求的文件

发送给浏览器

输入如下命令运行它:

python example2.py

然后用你的浏览器打开 http://your_ip:8080

一个首页会出现在你的浏览器上

Read data from a form

现在探索下如何从html表格中读取数据

example3.py

#!/usr/bin/python
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer
from os import curdir, sep
import cgi

PORT_NUMBER = 8080

#This class will handles any incoming request from
#the browser
class myHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
#Handler for the GET requests
def do_GET(self):
if self.path=="/":
self.path="/index_example3.html"

try:
#Check the file extension required and
#set the right mime type

sendReply = False
if self.path.endswith(".html"):
mimetype='text/html'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".jpg"):
mimetype='image/jpg'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".gif"):
mimetype='image/gif'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".js"):
mimetype='application/javascript'
sendReply = True
if self.path.endswith(".css"):
mimetype='text/css'
sendReply = True

if sendReply == True:
#Open the static file requested and send it
f = open(curdir + sep + self.path)
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header('Content-type',mimetype)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(f.read())
f.close()
return

except IOError:
self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)

#Handler for the POST requests
def do_POST(self):
if self.path=="/send":
form = cgi.FieldStorage(
fp=self.rfile,
headers=self.headers,
environ={'REQUEST_METHOD':'POST',
'CONTENT_TYPE':self.headers['Content-Type'],
})

print "Your name is: %s" % form["your_name"].value
self.send_response(200)
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write("Thanks %s !" % form["your_name"].value)
return

try:
#Create a web server and define the handler to manage the
#incoming request
server = HTTPServer(('', PORT_NUMBER), myHandler)
print 'Started httpserver on port ' , PORT_NUMBER

#Wait forever for incoming htto requests
server.serve_forever()

except KeyboardInterrupt:
print '^C received, shutting down the web server'
server.socket.close()

运行这个例子:

python example3.py

在 “Your name” 标签旁边输入你的名字