LNMP架构搭建（Linux+Nginx+MySQL+PHP）

源码编译安装方式

这次实验的环境是CentOS 5.9 x86_64，最小化安装的系统。

1.安装依赖库

#yum
-y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5
krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

2.下载软件包：

nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz，php-5.2.14.tar.gz，php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz，

libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz，libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz，mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz，memcache-2.2.5.tgz，

mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz，pcre-8.10.tar.gz，eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2，

PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz，ImageMagick.tar.gz，imagick-2.3.0.tgz

3.编译安装php所需库（FastCGI模式）

#tar -zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

#cd cd libiconv-1.13.1/

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local

#make && make install

#tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

#cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

#./configure

#make && make install

#/sbin/ldconfig

#cd libltdl/

#./configure --enable-ltdl-install

#make && make install

#tar -zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

#cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

#./configure

#make && make install

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

#ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

这里后面的文件是要创建的~~所有不存在，用ln命令创建到新文件的链接~~

#tar -zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

#cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

#/sbin/ldconfig

#./configure

#make && make install

4.编译安装MySQL

下载安装包，安装依赖库：

#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
zlib-devel libtool ncurses-devel libxml2-devel

创建mysql用户及用户组：

#groupadd mysql

#useradd -g mysql mysql

安装mysql：

源码包都放在了/usr/local/src

#tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.47.tar.gz

#cd mysql-5.1.47/

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-assembler
--with-readline --with-big-tables --with-plugins=all --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static

#make && make install

对mysql进行权限配置，将mysql的数据文件存放路径设为/data/mysql，并配置成mysql为服务启动状态，步骤如下：

#cd /usr/local/mysql

#cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf （这里是配置文件）

#cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

#chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

#mkdir -p /data/mysql （创建数据文件存放路径）

修改/etc/my.cnf中的[mysqld]下的项，[mysqld]下添加一项：

datadir=/data/mysql

运行命令，在/data/mysql下生成MySQL的初始化文件和初始库等等，命令如下所示：

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

再启动服务：

#service mysqld start

设置开机启动：

#chkconfig mysqld on （level3,5默认启动）

#chkconfig --list on (查看启动状况)

5.安装php（FastCGI模式）

#tar -zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz

#gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1

#cd php-5.2.14/

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr
--enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring
--with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

#make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

#make install

#cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

6.编译安装php扩展模块：

#tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

#cd memcache-2.2.5/

#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize

#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

#make && make install

#tar -jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

#cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/

#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize

#./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

#make && make install

#tar
-zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

#cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize

#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

#make && make install

#tar -zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz

#cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

#./configure

#make && make install

#tar -zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz

#cd imagick-2.3.0/

#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize

#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

#make && make
install

　修改php.ini文件

　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir =
"./"

　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：

　　extension = "memcache.so"

　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

　　extension = "imagick.so"

　　再查找output_buffering = Off

　　修改为output_buffering = On

　　再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，去掉前面的分号；

　　修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

　配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

#mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache

#vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

创建www用户和组，以及其日志目录：

#groupadd www

#useradd -g www www

#mkdir -p /var/www/html

#mkdir -p /data/logs

#chown -R www:www /var/www/html

#chown -R www:www /data/logs

创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi），在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

#rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

#vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx
+ PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value
name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value
name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

链接：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4438ac090101owf1.html

7.安装Nginx:

#tar -zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz

#cd pcre-8.10/

#./configure

#make && make install

#tar -zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz

#cd nginx-0.8.46/

#./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

#make && make install

创建Nginx配置文件：

链接：.http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4438ac090101owf6.html

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

#vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

启动Nginx：

#ulimit -SHn 65535

#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

配置Nginx+PHP开机启动：

vim /etc/rc.local

末尾加入：

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

优化内核参数：

# Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

使配置生效：

#/sbin/sysctl -p

对于Nginx
0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：

#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload