MySQL主从复制

一:复制过程
Mysql主服务器接受客户端的更新数据请求,在本地数据库中保存下数据的更改,然后将更新操作记录在本地的二进制日志中,记录为更改事件.每当主服务器接受备用服务器的请求后,会通过3306端口,将其所请求的二进制事件文件,发送给备用服务器.备用服务器接受到二进制日志文件,保存到自己的中继日志中.然后备用服务器的SQL线程重新回放所有的中继日志.进行sql重演.保证和主服务器数据一致.整个复制的过程是一个异步操作过程.
[b]二:工作线程[/b]
[b]主服务器:IO Thread[/b]
[b]从服务器:IO Thread ,SQL Thread[/b]

[b]三:部署案例[/b]
对于部署数据库主从复制来讲,分为新安装和添加从.下面先接受新安装,然后再介绍添加从.
[b]新安装部署[/b]
步骤:

(1).主库创建复制账号
(2).配置主库和从库
(3).通知备库连接到主库进行数据复制

1.服务器规划

192.168.0.138  master
192.168.0.137  slave01

2.安装mysql-2.6.27
http://yujianglei.blog.51cto.com/7215578/1725585

3.主库创建复制账号

mysql> grant  replication slave,replication client  on *.* to rep@'192.168.0.%'  identified by 'rep123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush  privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4.配置主库和备库
主库:(192.168.0.138)

[mysqld]
server-id=1                             #唯一服务器ID
log_bin=/mydata/bin_log/mysql-bin       #二进制日志的文件位置和命名方式
#binlog_format=ROW
binlog_format=STATEMENT                 #二进制日志格式
sync_binlog=1                           #
max_binlog_size=512M                    #最大二进制文件
binlog_cache_size=2M                    #二进制日志缓存
expire_logs_days = 7                    #二进制日志缓存时间

备库:(192.168.0.137)

[mysqld]
server-id=2                             #唯一服务器ID
relay_log=/mydata/relay_log/mysql-relay #中继日志的文件位置和命名方式
log_slave_updates=1                     #允许备库将重放的事件记录到自身的二进制日志中去
read_only=1                             #阻止任何没有特权的线程修改数据

5.启动复制,告诉从库如何连接主库,配置操作在从库(192.168.0.137)中配置
(1)执行change操作

mysql> change  master  to master_host='192.168.0.138',master_user='rep',master_password='rep123',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.34 sec)

(2)开启slave模式

mysql> start  slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

(3)查看slave状态

mysql> show  slave  status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.138
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 452
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 085ed1f9-a87a-11e5-9822-b8ca3af274df
Master_Info_File: /mydata/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6.查看主库和从库的工作线程
(1)查看slave服务器上得IO和SQL两个线程

mysql> show  processlist;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    5
Current database: *** NONE ***
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| Id | User        | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State                                                                       | Info              |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|  3 | system user |           | NULL | Connect |  146 | Waiting for master to send event                                            | NULL              |
|  4 | system user |           | NULL | Connect |  146 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL              |
|  5 | root        | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | init                                                                        | show  processlist |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2)查看slave服务器上的IO一个线程

mysql> show  processlist;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    3
Current database: mysql
+----+------+---------------------+-------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| Id | User | Host                | db    | Command     | Time | State                                                                 | Info              |
+----+------+---------------------+-------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
|  2 | rep  | 192.168.0.137:32524 | NULL  | Binlog Dump |  546 | Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated | NULL              |
|  3 | root | localhost           | mysql | Query       |    0 | init                                                                  | show  processlist |
+----+------+---------------------+-------+-------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

[b]7.测试主从复制[/b]
主库:

mysql> create database red_packet;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show  create  database  red_packet;
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database   | Create Database                                                     |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| red_packet | CREATE DATABASE `red_packet` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant  all   privileges  on red_packet.*  to red_packet@'localhost' identified  by  '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select  User,Host,Password  from  mysql.user;
+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| User       | Host                  | Password                                  |
+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root       | localhost             | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | localhost.localdomain | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | 127.0.0.1             | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | ::1                   | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | %                     | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| rep        | 192.168.0.%           | *08F5BB4670F148DB0376A1EE646F0C67EAE138CE |
| red_packet | localhost             | *6081F775BC114C5673018A1B14DFB40CDB9B4AE2 |
+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

从库:

mysql> show  databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| red_packet         |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select  User,Host,Password  from  mysql.user;
+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| User       | Host                  | Password                                  |
+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root       | localhost             | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | localhost.localdomain | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | 127.0.0.1             | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | ::1                   | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| root       | %                     | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| red_packet | localhost             | *6081F775BC114C5673018A1B14DFB40CDB9B4AE2 |
+------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

结论:在主库上创建的书库和用户在从库上都可以查到,MYSQL主从复制OK!