英文的理解

简写	全称	含义
R.I.P	Rest in Peace	逝者安息
PS	postscript	备注，又作PS.，P.S.，p.s.
IMDB	Internet Movie Database	互联网电影数据库

词汇量

生词	含义	补充
symptom	症状
cardinal	主要的 基本的	cardinal symptom：主要症状 cardinal number：基数
carriage	马车
curtain	帷幕，窗帘
migration	迁徙
robin	知更鸟
torch	手电
frog	青蛙
snail	蜗牛
galaxy	星系	The Milky Way Galaxy，银河系
shutter	快门（相机）	也是 百叶窗
breast cancer	乳腺癌

- It’s like there’s a curtain between us and the quantum world.

words	meaning	supplement
basement	地下室；地窖
water main	总水管，给水总管	the water main stroke last night
rather	a rather contrived game	相当造作的游戏
curtain billiard	窗帘 台球桌	behind a curtain there is a billiard table
put off	推迟 扔掉 阻止	keep putting off have been putting off for years
come down to	归根结底	it all comes down to simple math
a brute force	强力
Based on Actual Events Inspired by True Events
upcoming	即将来临的

- The album’s going to be massive：专辑就要大量发行了

you're going to be huge,

who got you there？：谁是你的贵人（谁帮你走到那个高度的？）

don’t get too attached（依恋），attachment，

They found the weird world of quantum mechanics. （量子力学中的别样世界）

A paraphrase /ˈpærəfreɪz/ is a restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words.

口语化的表达

原文	译文	补充
shame on you
he is not the point, the point is….
That explains it.
heart：红桃 club：梅花 spade：黑桃

nevertheless

然而，不过，虽然如此，没有否定之意；

例：Although the market has been flat, residential property costs remain high. Nevertheless, the fall-off in demand has had an impact on resale values.

尽管市场一直疲软，房价持续偏高。然而需求的减少还是对二手房价格产生了影响。

nevertheless vs however

两者均可用来表达对比的含义，however（然而），

nevertheless

refers to a surprising or unexpected outcome directly related to the situation it contrasts.

In this case σ is a nuisance parameter: it is not of immediate interest, but is nevertheless an essential stepping-stone in determining the final estimate of μ, the parameter of interest.

举例：

example 1

“The basement of Katz’s Delicatessen was flooded when the water main broke last week; however, the adjoining business was similarly not affected.”

“The basement of Katz’s Delicatessen was flooded when the water main broke last week; nevertheless, Katz’s remained open for business.”

example 2

“Pierre has lived in New York since he was a child; nevertheless, he still speaks English with a French accent.”

“Pierre has lived in New York since he was a child; however, he’s never been to Canada.”

所以，

nevertheless

所内含的完全的出人意表的结果暗含了

despite

（介词，尽管，不管，尽管如此）的意味（

nevertheless

has the connotation of

despite

），

两者的区别之二：

the use of nevertheless denotes a negative to positive（负面到正面） contrast and we use however to move from a positive idea to a negative one（正面到负面）.

The store had a great collection of shirts. However, I did not find even a single one that fit me.

Excessive whale hunting has depleted the number of humpback whales that roamed the oceans. Nevertheless, extensive conservation efforts have helped in an increase in the humpback population in the last 7 years.

[1] Are there any differences between however and nevertheless?

despite

despite：prep，尽管如此，尽管，不管

She told friends she will stand by husband, despite reports that he sent another woman love notes.

她告诉朋友说，她将支持丈夫，尽管有报道说他在给别的女人递情书。

forward vs preface vs introduction

THE FOREWORD：序

A foreword (one of the most often misspelled words in the language) is most often written by someone other than the author: an expert in the field, a writer of a similar book, etc. Forewords help the publisher at the level of marketing: An opening statement by an eminent and well-published author gives them added credibility in pitching the book to bookstores. Forewords help the author by putting a stamp of approval on their work.

THE PREFACE：前言

A preface is best understood, I believe, as standing outside the book proper and being about the book. In a preface an author explains briefly why they wrote the book, or how they came to write it. They also often use the preface to establish their credibility, indicating their experience in the topic or their professional suitability to address such a topic. Sometimes they acknowledge those who inspired them or helped them (though these are often put into a separate Acknowledgments section). Using an old term from the study of rhetoric, a preface is in a sense an “apology”: an explanation or defense.

THE INTRODUCTION

If a preface is about the book as a book, the introduction is about the content of the book. Sometimes it is as simple as that: It introduces what is covered in the book. Other times it introduces by setting the overall themes of the book, or by establishing definitions and methodology that will be used throughout the book. Scholarly writers sometimes use the introduction to tell their profession how the book should be viewed academically (that is, they position the book as a particular approach within a discipline or part of a discipline). This latter material is appropriate for a preface, as well. The point is that it should appear in the preface or the introduction, not both.

[1] What’s the Difference Between a Foreword, Preface, and Introduction?

cease

vi/vt：停止；结束

cease engagement：停止交战

cease firing：停止开炮

牛津高阶的解释：

cease-formal,to stop happening or existing; to stop sth from happening or existing

比较正式的用语，终止（目前正在）发生或存在的事情

stop-to end or finish终止或结束

口语中常与and连用，加上另一个动词，例如：

he stopped and bought some flowers.
Let's stop and look at the map.

流行歌曲中的「feat.」

feat.是featuring的缩写，如果直译的话，指“以….为特色、亮点”。

如果查看一个歌曲的详细信息，或者关注欧美的颁奖典礼时，提名或揭晓的时候表演者都会念到这个featureing，例如“The song of the year goes to… Telephone, Lady Gaga featuring Beyonce.”

简单地说，feat. 在歌曲里面是指，专辑表演者与另外（一个或者多个）的艺人/组合的合作，也即请人在歌曲中客串或者当伴唱，在歌曲信息中予以说明以及在颁奖礼上特别指出，颇凸显欧美的版权意识，也颇有几分合作者、论文署名时的第二作者以及联合作者（corresponding writer）的意味。

[1] 如何通俗易懂地解释流行歌曲中的「feat.」？