windows平台进程CPU占用率的计算

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/xwj-pandababy/articles/2567498.html

在进程的性能数据采集过程中，经常用到的一个性能指标就是进程的cpu占用率，下面给出它的计算方法及示例代码。

1、CPU占用率的定义

CPU占用率：指进程在一个时间段内消耗的CPU时间与该时间段长度的比值。

2、CPU占用率计算方法

根据上述定义，可以得到进程CPU占用率计算公式如下：

进程消耗的CPU时间 = 进程消耗的内核态时间 + 进程消耗的用户态时间，即 costTime = kernelTime + UserTime

进程的CPU占用率 = 进程消耗的CPU时间 / 刷新周期

3、CPU占用率计算涉及到的API

示例程序用到的主要API

GetSystemInfo　　　　我们主要用它来获取系统中CPU核心个数

OpenProcess　　　　　用来打开指定进程的句柄

GetProcessTimes　　　根据OpenProcess返回的句柄，获取进程的KernelTime和UserTime

其它API（用于线程等其它情况下的计算）

OpenThread　　　　　 获取指定线程的句柄

GetThreadTimes　　　 根据OpenThread返回的句柄，获取线程的KernelTime和UserTime （可用于线程CPU占用率计算）

GetSystemTimes　　　获取总的CPU时间IdleTime KernelTime UserTime，可用于系统总的CPU占用率计算（注：多核CPU中返回的是所有CPU核时间的总和）

NtQuerySystemInformation　　这是个native api，可以获取到许多信息

4、示例代码

1 #include "stdafx.h"
2 #include <conio.h>
3 #include <windows.h>
4 #include <TlHelp32.h>
5 #include <process.h>
6
7 #define MY_PROCESS_ERROR(Condition) do{ if (!(Condition))  goto Exit0; } while (false)
8
9 static DWORD g_sdwTickCountOld = 0;                // 上一次的tick计数
10 static LARGE_INTEGER g_slgProcessTimeOld;        // 保存进程上一次的时间占用
11 static DWORD g_sdwProcessorCoreNum = 0;            // 处理器核心数
12 static HANDLE g_shExitEvent = NULL;                // 线程退出控制
13
14 typedef struct _TARGET_PROCESS
15 {
16     DWORD        dwProcessId;                    // 进程ID
17 }TARGET_PROCESS, *PTARGET_PROCESS;
18
19
20
21 /*@brief 获取找到的与指定进程名相符的第一个进程ID
22 * @param [in]        cpszExeFileName        进程可执行文件名（不带路径）
23 * @param [in/out]    dwPID                返回找到的名字符合的第一个进程ID
24 * @return 成功 : S_OK    失败 : 错误码
25 */
26 HRESULT FindFirstProcessIdByName(const TCHAR* cpszExeFileName, DWORD &dwPID)
27 {
28     HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
29
30     PROCESSENTRY32 pe = { 0 };
31     HANDLE hSnapshot = NULL;
32
33     if (NULL == cpszExeFileName)
34     {
35         hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENTS);
36         goto Exit0;
37     }
38
39     pe.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
40     hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
41     if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hSnapshot)
42     {
43         hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
44         goto Exit0;
45     }
46
47     if (FALSE == Process32First(hSnapshot, &pe))
48     {
49         hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES);
50         goto Exit0;
51     }
52
53     hr = S_FALSE;
54     do
55     {
56         if (0 == _tcsicmp(cpszExeFileName, pe.szExeFile))
57         {
58             dwPID = pe.th32ProcessID;
59             hr = S_OK;
60             break;
61         }
62     }while(Process32Next(hSnapshot, &pe));
63
64 Exit0:
65     if(hSnapshot)
66     {
67         CloseHandle(hSnapshot);
68         hSnapshot = NULL;
69     }
70
71     return hr;
72 }
73
74 /*@brief 获取进程的Cpu占用率
75 * @param [in]    hProcess            进程句柄
76 * @param [in]    dwElepsedTime        取样间隔时间（毫秒）
77 * @return 成功 : cpu占用率    失败 : -1
78 */
79 int GetProcessCpuPercent(const HANDLE hProcess, const DWORD dwElepsedTime)
80 {
81     int nProcCpuPercent = 0;
82     BOOL bRetCode = FALSE;
83
84     FILETIME CreateTime, ExitTime, KernelTime,UserTime;
85     LARGE_INTEGER lgKernelTime;
86     LARGE_INTEGER lgUserTime;
87     LARGE_INTEGER lgCurTime;
88
89     bRetCode = GetProcessTimes(hProcess, &CreateTime, &ExitTime, &KernelTime, &UserTime);
90     if (bRetCode)
91     {
92         lgKernelTime.HighPart = KernelTime.dwHighDateTime;
93         lgKernelTime.LowPart = KernelTime.dwLowDateTime;
94
95         lgUserTime.HighPart = UserTime.dwHighDateTime;
96         lgUserTime.LowPart = UserTime.dwLowDateTime;
97
98         lgCurTime.QuadPart = (lgKernelTime.QuadPart + lgUserTime.QuadPart) / 10000;
99         nProcCpuPercent = (int)((lgCurTime.QuadPart - g_slgProcessTimeOld.QuadPart) * 100 / dwElepsedTime);
100         g_slgProcessTimeOld = lgCurTime;
101         nProcCpuPercent = nProcCpuPercent / g_sdwProcessorCoreNum;
102     }
103     else
104     {
105         nProcCpuPercent = -1;
106     }
107
108     return nProcCpuPercent;
109 }
110
111 unsigned __stdcall WorkerThread(void *pArg)
112 {
113     HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
114
115     HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
116     DWORD dwProcessId = 0;
117     DWORD dwRetVal = 0;
118     DWORD dwCurrentTickCount = 0;
119     DWORD dwElapsedTime = 0;
120     int nProcessCpuPercent = 0;
121
122     TARGET_PROCESS *pTargetProcess = (TARGET_PROCESS *)pArg;
123
124     dwProcessId = pTargetProcess->dwProcessId;
125     hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION , FALSE, dwProcessId);
126     MY_PROCESS_ERROR(hProcess);
127
128     do
129     {
130         dwRetVal = WaitForSingleObject(g_shExitEvent, 1000);
131         if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 == dwRetVal ||
132             WAIT_FAILED == dwRetVal
133             )
134         {
135             break;
136         }
137
138         dwCurrentTickCount = GetTickCount();
139         dwElapsedTime = dwCurrentTickCount - g_sdwTickCountOld;
140         g_sdwTickCountOld = dwCurrentTickCount;
141         nProcessCpuPercent = GetProcessCpuPercent(hProcess, dwElapsedTime);
142         wprintf(L"cpu = %d\n", nProcessCpuPercent);
143     } while (1);
144 Exit0:
145     if (hProcess)
146     {
147         CloseHandle(hProcess);
148         hProcess = NULL;
149     }
150
151     return 0;
152 }
153
154 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
155 {
156     HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
157
158     HANDLE hThread = NULL;
159     unsigned int uiTid = 0;
160     SYSTEM_INFO sysInfo = { 0 };
161     TARGET_PROCESS struTargetProcess;
162
163     if (argc > 1)
164     {
165         hr = FindFirstProcessIdByName(argv[1], struTargetProcess.dwProcessId);
166         if (S_OK != hr)
167         {
168             _tprintf(_T("Can't find process \'%s\' ret=0x%X\n"), argv[1], hr);
169             goto Exit0;
170         }
171
172         GetSystemInfo(&sysInfo);
173         g_sdwProcessorCoreNum = sysInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
174
175         g_shExitEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
176         MY_PROCESS_ERROR(g_shExitEvent);
177
178         hThread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, WorkerThread, &struTargetProcess, 0, &uiTid);
179         MY_PROCESS_ERROR(hThread);
180
181         _getch();
182         SetEvent(g_shExitEvent);
183         WaitForSingleObject(hThread, INFINITE);
184     }
185     else
186     {
187         _tprintf(_T("Please input a process name.\n"));
188     }
189
190 Exit0:
191     if (hThread)
192     {
193         CloseHandle(hThread);
194         hThread = NULL;
195     }
196
197     if (g_shExitEvent)
198     {
199         CloseHandle(g_shExitEvent);
200         g_shExitEvent = NULL;
201     }
202
203     return 0;
204 }