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[翻译]AKKA笔记 - ACTOR MESSAGING - REQUEST AND RESPONSE -3

2015-11-12 23:54 609 查看
上次我们看Actor消息机制,我们看到开火-忘记型消息发出(意思是我们只要发个消息给Actor但是不期望有响应)。

技术上来讲, 我们发消息给Actors就是要它的副作用。 这就是这么设计的。除了不响应, 目标Actor当然也可以对消息做以下事情-

1.发送一个响应给发送者(在我们的case里,TeacherActor应该响应一首名言给StudentActor)

2.转发一个响应给其他的潜在的受众Actor,他们也可能响应/转发/产生副作用。Routers(路由)和Supervisors(监管)就是这个例子。(我们马上就能看到)

REQUEST & RESPONSE

这次,我们只关注第一点- 请求-响应的周期。



图片说明了我们这次在尝试归档做什么。为了简介,我没有在图中加入ActorSystem, Dispathcer或Mailboxes。

DriverApp发送一个InitSignal(初始化信号)消息给StudentActor.

StudentActor反馈给InitSignal消息并且发送一条QuoteRequest(格言请求)消息给TeacherActor。

TeacherActor,像我们在第一次看到的,响应一条QuoteResponse。

StudentActor只记录QuoteResponse(格言响应)到控制台/日志记录器。

我们可以写个testcase来验证。

让我们看下这4点的细节:

1. DRIVERAPP发送一个INITSIGNAL消息给STUDENTACTOR



至此,你可能已经猜出DriverApp会做什么。 就4件事:

1) 初始化ActorSystem

//Initialize the ActorSystem
val system = ActorSystem("UniversityMessageSystem")

2) 创建TeacherActor

//create the teacher actor
val teacherRef = system.actorOf(Props[TeacherActor], "teacherActor")

3) 创建StudentActor

//create the Student Actor - pass the teacher actorref as a constructor parameter to StudentActor
val studentRef = system.actorOf(Props(new StudentActor(teacherRef)), "studentActor")

你可以看到我把ActorRef的实例TeacherActor给StudentActor的构造函数,这样StudentActor可以使用ActorRef发消息给TeacherActor。还有另外的方式达到这个目的(如传入Props),但是这个方法对我们后面看到的Supervisors和Routers会方便点。我们也会即将看到child actors但现在还不是一个好方式 - Student创建Teacher听起来怪怪的吧?

最后,

4) DriverApp会发一个InitSignal给StudentActor, z何阳StudentActor就能开始发送QuoteRequest(格言请求)给TeacherActor。

//send a message to the Student Actor
studentRef ! InitSignal

这个DriverClass讲差不多了。 Thread.sleep和ActorSystem.shutdown在我们最后关闭ActorSystem的时候会在发消息时会等待几秒保证结束。

** DRIVERAPP.SCALA**

package me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.requestresponse

import akka.actor.ActorSystem
import akka.actor.Props
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.StudentProtocol._
import akka.actor.ActorRef

object DriverApp extends App {

//Initialize the ActorSystem val system = ActorSystem("UniversityMessageSystem")

//construct the teacher actor
val teacherRef = system.actorOf(Props[TeacherActor], "teacherActor")

//construct the Student Actor - pass the teacher actorref as a constructor parameter to StudentActor
val studentRef = system.actorOf(Props(new StudentActor(teacherRef)), "studentActor")

//send a message to the Student Actor studentRef ! InitSignal

//Let's wait for a couple of seconds before we shut down the system
Thread.sleep(2000)

//Shut down the ActorSystem.
system.shutdown()

}

2. STUDENTACTOR响应给INITSIGNAL消息并且发送一条QUOTEREQUEST消息给TEACHERACTOR

以及

4. STUDENTACTOR从TEACHERACTOR接收到QUOTERESPONSE并且将日志记录到控制台/日志记录器

为什么我把2和4条绑在一起?因为实在太简单了,要是拆开来你要恨死我。



所以,第二点 - StudentActor从DriverApp接到InitSignal消息并且发送QuoteRequest给TeacherActor。

def receive = {
case InitSignal=> {
teacherActorRef!QuoteRequest
}
...
...

就这么多!

第四点 - StudentActor记录从TeacherActor发来的日志消息。



就像我们承诺的:

case QuoteResponse(quoteString) => {
log.info ("Received QuoteResponse from Teacher")
log.info(s"Printing from Student Actor $quoteString")
}

我想你肯定同意现在这个看起来跟伪代码一样。

所以整个的StudentActor类看起来就是这样:

STUDENTACTOR.SCALA

package me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.requestresponse

import akka.actor.Actor
import akka.actor.ActorLogging
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.TeacherProtocol._
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.StudentProtocol._
import akka.actor.Props
import akka.actor.ActorRef

class StudentActor (teacherActorRef:ActorRef) extends Actor with ActorLogging {

def receive = {
case InitSignal=> {
teacherActorRef!QuoteRequest
}

case QuoteResponse(quoteString) => { log.info ("Received QuoteResponse from Teacher") log.info(s"Printing from Student Actor $quoteString") }
}
}

3. TEACHERACTOR响应QUOTERESPONSE消息

这就跟我们在fire-n-forget 那里写的代码差不多。

TeacherActor接受一条QuoteRequest消息并且返回一条QuoteResponse。

TEACHERACTOR.SCALA

package me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.requestresponse

import scala.util.Random

import akka.actor.Actor
import akka.actor.ActorLogging
import akka.actor.actorRef2Scala
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.TeacherProtocol._

class TeacherActor extends Actor with ActorLogging {

val quotes = List(
"Moderation is for cowards",
"Anything worth doing is worth overdoing",
"The trouble is you think you have time",
"You never gonna know if you never even try")

def receive = {

case QuoteRequest => {

import util.Random

//Get a random Quote from the list and construct a response
val quoteResponse = QuoteResponse(quotes(Random.nextInt(quotes.size)))

//respond back to the Student who is the original sender of QuoteRequest
sender ! quoteResponse

}
}
}

测试用例TESTCASES

现在,我们的测试用例会模拟DriverApp。由于StudentActor只是记录消息,我们无法对QuoteResponse消息进行断言,我们只断言消息在EventStream里出现(就像我们之前

说的)

所以,我们的测试用例就像这样:

"A student" must {

"log a QuoteResponse eventually when an InitSignal is sent to it" in {

import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.StudentProtocol._

val teacherRef = system.actorOf(Props[TeacherActor], "teacherActor")
val studentRef = system.actorOf(Props(new StudentActor(teacherRef)), "studentActor")

EventFilter.info (start="Printing from Student Actor", occurrences=1).intercept{
studentRef!InitSignal
}
}
}

源码

整个工程可以在github下载。

下一步,我们会看到怎样使用Akka的schedulers并且用Kamon监控你的Akka应用。

文章来自微信平台「麦芽面包」,微信号「darkjune_think」。转载请注明。
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