mysql数据库增删改查示例

--------------------建库语句------------------------------------------------------

create database 表名 default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;

--------------------建表语句-----------------------------------------------------------

create table com

(id int primary key auto_increment,
name char(3),
age int(3) unsigned,
email varchar(30),
tel char(11),
salary decimal(7,2),
riqi date default '2000-01-01'
)charset utf8;

create table stu
(`id` int  not null primary key auto_increment,
`name` varchar(10) not null default '',
`subject` varchar(10) not null default '',
`score` int not null default 0
)default charset=utf8;

----------------------改变表的字段属性---------------------------------------------------

ALTER TABLE `test`.`com` MODIFY COLUMN `name` char(10);

--------------------------插入一行信息-----------------------------------------------------

  注：日期一定要加单引号''!!!

insert into com
(name,age,email,tel,riqi)
values
('刘备',99,'liubei@shu.com','13892582106','2012-05-06');

---------------------------显示表中所有内容-------------------------------

select * from com;

-----------------------改-----------------------------------------------------------------

update com
set
email='mahcao@xiliang.com',
salary=999
where
name='马超';

-------------------删--------------------------------------------------------------------

delete from com
where
name='马超';

--------------------------------where 子句详解-----------------------------------------------

列出市场价格比本店价格高于200的goods_id,goods_name,shop_price,market_price项：

select goods_id,goods_name,shop_price,market_price
from goods
where
market_price-shop_price>200;

--------------模糊查询-------------------------------------

例: 查找“诺基亚”开头的所有商品

select * from goods where goods_name like '诺基亚%';

like->像

%-->通配任意长度字符

'_'--->通配单个字符

----------------------------------------------------------------

//group by（分组） 详解(常用于统计)

---------------------------Mysql提供的 5 个统计(聚合)函数：-------------------------------------------------------------

max()             min()                sum()                 avg()                 count()

列出价格最高的商品价格

select max(shop_price) from goods 

//不合法的查询

select goods_id,goods_name,max(shop_price) from goods;

//以cat_id分组，列出每组中价格最高商品的id,价格

select cat_id,max(shop_price) from goods group by cat_id;

//查询最便宜的商品价格

select min(shop_price) from goods;

//统计商店里一共有多少库存量

select sum(goods_num) from goods;

//统计店商品的平均价格

select avg(shop_price) from goods;

//统计行数

select count(*) from goods;

--------------------------------------------------------

//按栏目查询最贵商品

select cat_id,max(shop_price) from goods group by cat_id;

//分组查询每个栏目下的商品种类

select cat_id,count(*) from good by cat_id;

//查询本店每个商品比市场价格低多少钱？

   提示：把列名当成变量名来看

select goods_id,goods_name,market_price -shop_price from goods;

//查询每个栏目下面积压的货款

select cat_id count(shop_price*goods_num) from goods group by cat_id;

可以给查询结果起别名

select cat_id count(shop_price*goods_num) as hk from goods group cat_id;

----------------------having子句详解------------------------------

(对查询结果进行筛选,必须是where在前！)

//查询出本店价格比市场价低多少钱，并且把低200元以上的商品选出来

1.查询出本店价格比市场价低多少钱

select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as sheng from goods;

2.并且把低200元以上的商品选出来

select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as sheng from goods having sheng>200;

//同样也可以用where子句做

select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as sheng from goods where market_price-shop_price>200;

3.增加条件 栏目3下

select goods_id,goods_name,market_price-shop_price as sheng from goods where cat_id =3 having sheng>200;

//查询积压货款超过2w元的栏目，以及该栏目积压的货款

select goods_id,sum(market_price*goods_num) 

as hk 

from goods 

group by cat_id 

having hk>20000;

//having练习例：

设有成绩表stu如下：

姓名 科目 分数

张三 数学 90

张三 语文 50

张三 地理 40

李四 语文 55

李四 政治 45

王五 政治 30

试查询"两门以及两门以上不及格"同学的"平均分"(用having)

陷阱：有的人考了2门  有人考了3门

//要求只用一次select

1.先查所有人的平均分，再进行过滤

select name,avg(score) from stu group by name;

//看每个人的挂科情况

select name,score<60 from stu;

//计算每个人的挂科科目

select name,sum(score<60) from stu group by name;

最终答案：

select name,sum(score<60) as gk ,avg(score) as pj from stu group by name having gk >=2;