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IEnumerable<T> 接口和GetEnumerator 详解

2015-11-04 20:37 821 查看

IEnumerable<T> 接口

.NET Framework 4.6 and 4.5  

 

公开枚举数,该枚举数支持在指定类型的集合上进行简单迭代。

若要浏览此类型的.NET Framework 源代码,请参阅参考源

 

命名空间:  System.Collections.Generic
程序集:  mscorlib(在 mscorlib.dll 中)      
public interface IEnumerable<out T> : IEnumerable

 

类型参数

   out T

要枚举的对象的类型。

此类型参数是协变。即可以使用指定的类型或派生程度更高的类型。有关协变和逆变的详细信息,请参阅 泛型中的协变和逆变

IEnumerable<T> 类型公开以下成员。

方法

显示: 继承 保护
 名称描述
GetEnumerator 返回一个循环访问集合的枚举器。

 

GetEnumerator 详解

返回一个循环访问集合的枚举器。

命名空间:   System.Collections.Generic
程序集:  mscorlib(mscorlib.dll 中)
 

语法  

IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()

 

返回值

Type: System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<T>

用于循环访问集合的枚举数。

备注    

返回IEnumerator<T>提供了通过公开来循环访问集合的能力Current属性。读取集合中的数据,但不是能修改集合,您可以使用枚举器。

最初,枚举数位于集合中的第一个元素之前。在此位置上,Current是不确定的。因此,您必须调用MoveNext方法使枚举器前进到之前读取值的集合的第一个元素Current

Current返回同一个对象,直到MoveNext作为再次调用MoveNext设置Current到下一个元素。

如果MoveNext越过集合,该枚举数的末尾将被定位在集合中的最后一个元素之后和MoveNext返回false。当枚举数位于此位置上,对后续调用MoveNext也会返回false。如果最后一次调用到MoveNext返回falseCurrent是不确定的。您不能设置Current再次为集合的第一个元素必须改为创建新的枚举器实例。

一个枚举器没有对集合的独占访问,因此,只要集合保持不变,枚举器保持有效。如果进行了更改到集合中,如添加、 修改,或删除元素),则枚举器将失效,并可能会收到意外的结果时。此外,对集合进行枚举不是线程安全过程。若要保证线程安全,您应枚举期间锁定集合,或实现同步对集合。

集合中的默认实现System.Collections.Generic命名空间时不同步。

 

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class App
{
// Excercise the Iterator and show that it's more
// performant.
public static void Main()
{
TestStreamReaderEnumerable();
Console.WriteLine("---");
TestReadingFile();
}

public static void TestStreamReaderEnumerable()
{
// Check the memory before the iterator is used.
long memoryBefore = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
IEnumerable<String> stringsFound;
// Open a file with the StreamReaderEnumerable and check for a string.
try {
stringsFound =
from line in new StreamReaderEnumerable(@"c:\temp\tempFile.txt")
where line.Contains("string to search for")
select line;
Console.WriteLine("Found: " + stringsFound.Count());
}
catch (FileNotFoundException) {
Console.WriteLine(@"This example requires a file named C:\temp\tempFile.txt.");
return;
}

// Check the memory after the iterator and output it to the console.
long memoryAfter = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
Console.WriteLine("Memory Used With Iterator = \t"
+ string.Format(((memoryAfter - memoryBefore) / 1000).ToString(), "n") + "kb");
}

public static void TestReadingFile()
{
long memoryBefore = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
StreamReader sr;
try {
sr = File.OpenText("c:\\temp\\tempFile.txt");
}
catch (FileNotFoundException) {
Console.WriteLine(@"This example requires a file named C:\temp\tempFile.txt.");
return;
}

// Add the file contents to a generic list of strings.
List<string> fileContents = new List<string>();
while (!sr.EndOfStream) {
fileContents.Add(sr.ReadLine());
}

// Check for the string.
var stringsFound =
from line in fileContents
where line.Contains("string to search for")
select line;

sr.Close();
Console.WriteLine("Found: " + stringsFound.Count());

// Check the memory after when the iterator is not used, and output it to the console.
long memoryAfter = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
Console.WriteLine("Memory Used Without Iterator = \t" +
string.Format(((memoryAfter - memoryBefore) / 1000).ToString(), "n") + "kb");
}
}

// A custom class that implements IEnumerable(T). When you implement IEnumerable(T),
// you must also implement IEnumerable and IEnumerator(T).
public class StreamReaderEnumerable : IEnumerable<string>
{
private string _filePath;
public StreamReaderEnumerable(string filePath)
{
_filePath = filePath;
}

// Must implement GetEnumerator, which returns a new StreamReaderEnumerator.
public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator()
{
return new StreamReaderEnumerator(_filePath);
}

// Must also implement IEnumerable.GetEnumerator, but implement as a private method.
private IEnumerator GetEnumerator1()
{
return this.GetEnumerator();
}
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
return GetEnumerator1();
}
}

// When you implement IEnumerable(T), you must also implement IEnumerator(T),
// which will walk through the contents of the file one line at a time.
// Implementing IEnumerator(T) requires that you implement IEnumerator and IDisposable.
public class StreamReaderEnumerator : IEnumerator<string>
{
private StreamReader _sr;
public StreamReaderEnumerator(string filePath)
{
_sr = new StreamReader(filePath);
}

private string _current;
// Implement the IEnumerator(T).Current publicly, but implement
// IEnumerator.Current, which is also required, privately.
public string Current
{

get
{
if (_sr == null || _current == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}

return _current;
}
}

private object Current1
{

get { return this.Current; }
}

object IEnumerator.Current
{
get { return Current1; }
}

// Implement MoveNext and Reset, which are required by IEnumerator.
public bool MoveNext()
{
_current = _sr.ReadLine();
if (_current == null)
return false;
return true;
}

public void Reset()
{
_sr.DiscardBufferedData();
_sr.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
_current = null;
}

// Implement IDisposable, which is also implemented by IEnumerator(T).
private bool disposedValue = false;
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}

protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!this.disposedValue)
{
if (disposing)
{
// Dispose of managed resources.
}
_current = null;
if (_sr != null) {
_sr.Close();
_sr.Dispose();
}
}

this.disposedValue = true;
}

~StreamReaderEnumerator()
{
Dispose(false);
}
}
// This example displays output similar to the following:
//       Found: 2
//       Memory Used With Iterator =     33kb
//       ---
//       Found: 2
//       Memory Used Without Iterator =  206kb

 

 
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