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Linux设备驱动之五----带poll机制的驱动程序

2015-11-03 18:22 651 查看
驱动程序的代码如下:

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

static struct class *forthdrv_class;
static struct class_device	*forthdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,forth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};

/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

/*
* 确定按键值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
//通过调用系统提供的一个函数来读取按键值,当然你也完全可以自己手动实现
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}

ev_press = 1;                  /* 弄一个中断标志位,表示此刻中断发生了,以便下边使用 */

return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int forth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
/* 配置相应引脚为中断引脚 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);

return 0;
}

ssize_t forth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;

/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;

return 1;
}

int forth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}

static unsigned forth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 把当前进程添加到wait参数指定的等待列表中;这个函数并不会引起阻塞;

if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

return mask;
}

static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open    =  forth_drv_open,
.read	 =	forth_drv_read,
.release =  forth_drv_close,
.poll    =  forth_drv_poll,
};

int major;
static int forth_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "forth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

forthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "forth_drv");

forthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(forthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

return 0;
}

static void forth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "forth_drv");
class_device_unregister(forthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(forthdrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
return 0;
}

module_init(forth_drv_init);

module_exit(forth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
注:
1>

驱动程序的poll函数应该返回设备资源的可获取状态,即POLLIN,POLLOUT,POLLPRI,POLLERR,POLLNVAL等宏的位

“或”结果,每个宏的含义都表明设备的一种状态,如POLLIN(定义0x01)意味着设备可以无阻塞地读,POLLOUT(定义为0x04)

意味着设备可以无阻塞地写;

2>

阻塞与非阻塞访问时I/O操作的两种不同模式,前者在I/O操作暂时不可进行时会让进程睡眠,后者则不然;

在设备驱动中阻塞I/O一般基于等待队列来实现,等待队列可用于同步驱动中时间发生的先后顺序。使用

非阻塞I/O的应用程序也可借助轮询函数来查询设备是否能立即被访问,用户空间调用select()和poll()接口,

设备驱动提供poll()函数。设备驱动的poll()本身不会阻塞,但是poll()和select()系统调用则会阻塞地等待

文件描述符集合中的至少一个可访问或超时。至于poll()和select()系统调用是如何知道文件描述符集合

是否可访问,这一点还有待深究;

测试程序的代码如下:

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>

/* forthdrvtest
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;

struct pollfd fds[1];

fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
}

fds[0].fd     = fd;
fds[0].events = POLLIN;
while (1)
{
ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);
if (ret == 0)
{
printf("time out\n");
}
else
{
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val = 0x%x\n", key_val);
}
}

return 0;
}
注:关于应用程序中的poll函数的使用,具体可man page

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