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如何将GridViewEX升级到UWP(Universal Windows Platform)平台

2015-10-27 14:59 435 查看

引言

 上一篇文章中,我们主要讲解了如何在保证GridView控件的用户体验基础上,扩展GridView生成GridViewEx控件,增加动态添加新分组功能等,本文在上文的基础上,介绍如何在Windows10中使用GridViewEx,开发UWP应用。

 Demo 下载:GridViewLiveTiles.zip GridViewEx.zip GridViewDemo.zip

开发UWP应用程序

开发UWP应用程序最好是从创建empty项目开始,重用已开发的一些模块,这样可以提高开发效率。本文为了创建UWP 应用程序,首先创建一些通用类如下,详细代码见附件:Common/VisibilityConverter.cs
Common/LayoutAwarePage.cs
Common/SuspensionManager.cs
DataModel 和Sample 文件夹下的所有文件都可以重用。

修改布局和导航

VisibilityConverter 和 SuspensionsManager暂时不需要修改,可直接在UWP中使用。主要修改布局和导航逻辑文件。由于微软支持的设备种类越来越多,导致ApplicationViewState不再适用。UWP平台提供了其他的解决方法如AdaptiveTriggers,内置了自适应布局。因此创建UWP应用程序,首先需要删除所有
ApplicationViewStates的代码。可能会导致使用LayoutAwarePage的部分会
报错。因此我们需要做一些兼容性的改变。无论是WinRT还是UWP应用,都会使用返回键导航。桌面WinRTx应用会在Xaml文件添加返回按钮。但是在UWP应用中,非常灵活,桌面应用可以在标题栏中添加返回按钮,在移动设备中不仅能使用标题栏中的返回键,也可以使用物理返回键实现导航功能。UWP的方法比较通用,且不需要编写自定义的Xaml文件。因此只需要开发一个基类,应用到不同的Xaml 页面中就可以实现轻松实现导航功能,不需要重复编写代码。修改后的LayoutAwarePage 类:
1:  protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
2:  {
3:      // subscribe on Back button event
4:      if (IsWindowsPhoneDevice())
5:      {
6:          // use hardware button
7:          Windows.Phone.UI.Input.HardwareButtons.BackPressed += HardwareButtons_BackPressed;
8:      }
9:      else
10:      {
11:          // enable/disable window back button depending on navigation state
12:          var currentView = SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView();
13:          currentView.AppViewBackButtonVisibility = this.Frame != null && this.Frame.CanGoBack ?
14:              AppViewBackButtonVisibility.Visible : AppViewBackButtonVisibility.Collapsed;
15:          currentView.BackRequested += backButton_Tapped;
16:      }
17:      ...
18:  protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)
19:  {
20:      // unsubscribe from Back button event
21:      if (IsWindowsPhoneDevice())
22:      {
23:          Windows.Phone.UI.Input.HardwareButtons.BackPressed -= HardwareButtons_BackPressed;
24:      }
25:      else
26:      {
27:          // unsubscribe from window back button
28:          var currentView = SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView();
29:          currentView.BackRequested -= backButton_Tapped;
30:      }
31:      ...
32:  // handle Back button events
33:  private void HardwareButtons_BackPressed(object sender, BackPressedEventArgs e)
34:  {
35:      if (this.Frame != null && this.Frame.CanGoBack)
36:      {
37:          e.Handled = true;
38:          this.Frame.GoBack();
39:      }
40:  }
41:  private void backButton_Tapped(object sender, BackRequestedEventArgs e)
42:  {
43:      this.GoBack(this, new RoutedEventArgs());
44:  }
 因为需要使用物理返回键,我们需要在程序中添加引用文件“Windows Mobile Extensions for the UWP”。现在由LayoutAwarePage派生而来的所有页面都可直接使用,无需在多个文件中添加引用。LayoutAwarePage 类最后添加设备查询的静态方法,来检测运行时设备。
1:  public static bool IsWindowsPhoneDevice()
2:  {
3:      if (Windows.Foundation.Metadata.ApiInformation.IsTypePresent("Windows.Phone.UI.Input.HardwareButtons"))
4:      {
5:          return true;
6:      }
7:      return false;
8:  }
 

其他平台

1. 如果想保证应用程序在Windows10中具有与系统一致的界面风格和用户体验,可使用Windows 10 ThemeResources (主题资源)。2. 微软也在Windows10 发布中升级了GridView控件,相对于Windows 8 版本来说,最重要的改变是添加了用户重定向检测。3. VariableSizedWrapGrid 面板也添加了重定向检测功能。并且去掉了行和列自动展开的功能。下面是Windows8 版本的Xaml文件,在Windows10 中已经无法使用。
1:  <GridView  Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10" AllowDrop="True" CanReorderItems="True" CanDragItems="True" IsSwipeEnabled="True">
2:                  <GridView.ItemsPanel>
3:                      <ItemsPanelTemplate>
4:                          <VariableSizedWrapGrid/>
5:                      </ItemsPanelTemplate>
6:                  </GridView.ItemsPanel>
7:                  <Rectangle Height="100" Width="200" Fill="Blue" />
8:                  <Rectangle Height="100" Width="100" Fill="Red" />
9:                  <Rectangle Height="100" Width="100" Fill="Yellow" />
10:                  <Rectangle Height="100" Width="100" Fill="Green" />
最好的解决方法就是将VariableSizedWrapGrid 与item的属性绑定,并将值传给自定义的GridView控件的ListViewItemPresenter 元素:
1:  /// <summary>
2:  /// This class sets VariableSizedWrapGrid.ColumnSpanProperty for GridViewItem controls,
3:  /// so that every item can have different size in the VariableSizedWrapGrid.
4:  /// Also it sets VerticalContentAlignment and HorizontalContentAlignment to Stretch.
5:  /// </summary>
6:  public class GridViewTiled : GridView
7:  {
8:      // set ColumnSpan according to the business logic (maybe some GridViewSamples.Samples.Item or group properties)
9:      protected override void PrepareContainerForItemOverride(Windows.UI.Xaml.DependencyObject element, object item)
10:      {
11:          element.SetValue(ContentControl.HorizontalContentAlignmentProperty, HorizontalAlignment.Stretch);
12:          element.SetValue(ContentControl.VerticalContentAlignmentProperty, VerticalAlignment.Stretch);
13:          UIElement el = item as UIElement;
14:          if (el != null)
15:          {
16:              int colSpan = Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.VariableSizedWrapGrid.GetColumnSpan(el);
17:              int rowSpan = Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.VariableSizedWrapGrid.GetRowSpan(el);
18:              if (rowSpan > 1)
19:              {
20:                  // only set it if it has non-defaul value
21:                  element.SetValue(Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.VariableSizedWrapGrid.RowSpanProperty, rowSpan);
22:              }
23:              if (colSpan > 1)
24:              {
25:                  // only set it if it has non-defaul value
26:                  element.SetValue(Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.VariableSizedWrapGrid.ColumnSpanProperty, colSpan);
27:              }
28:          }
29:          base.PrepareContainerForItemOverride(element, item);
30:      }
31:  }
 UWP中的XAML文件:<controls:GridViewTiled Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10" AllowDrop="True" CanReorderItems="True" CanDragItems="True" >
<controls:GridViewTiled.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<VariableSizedWrapGrid ItemHeight="100" ItemWidth="100" Orientation="Horizontal"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</controls:GridViewTiled.ItemsPanel>
<Rectangle VariableSizedWrapGrid.ColumnSpan="2" VariableSizedWrapGrid.RowSpan="2" Fill="Blue" />
<Rectangle Fill="Red" />
<Rectangle Fill="Yellow" />
<Rectangle Fill="Green" />

新占位符(NewGroupPlaceholder)控件

WinRT版的GridViewEx控件使用了简单border作为新分组的占位符,在拖拽项过程中外观是静态的,无法改变。为了使界面对用户更加友好,并且将拖放的位置高亮, 因此我们新建了新的“
NewGroupPlaceholder
”控件,在拖拽过程中有简单的状态切换逻辑。

代码很简单,见附件,系统提供的控件模板代码如下:
1:  <Style TargetType="local:NewGroupPlaceholder">
2:      <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
3:      <Setter Property="Margin" Value="8" />
4:      <Setter Property="Height" Value="32" />
5:      <Setter Property="Template">
6:          <Setter.Value>
7:              <ControlTemplate TargetType="local:NewGroupPlaceholder">
8:                  <Border x:Name="root" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}">
9:                      <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
10:                          <VisualStateGroup x:Name="DragStates">
11:                              <VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
12:                              <VisualState x:Name="DragOver">
13:                                  <Storyboard>
14:                                      <DoubleAnimation Duration="0" To="1" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity" Storyboard.TargetName="dragOverElement"/>
15:                                  </Storyboard>
16:                              </VisualState>
17:                          </VisualStateGroup>
18:                      </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
19:                      <Border x:Name="dragOverElement" Background="{ThemeResource SystemControlHighlightListAccentLowBrush}" Opacity="0"/>
20:                  </Border>
21:              </ControlTemplate>
22:          </Setter.Value>
23:      </Setter>
24:  </Style>

修改GridViewEx 控件

接下来,我们将介绍如何修改GridViewEx控件,使得其可以适应UWP。UWP平台下运行GridViewEx大部分的功能与WinRT保持一致。只有OnDragOver中的DragEventArgs.AcceptedOperation 属性需要重写。显然UWP 中的GridView 将所有非空项的该属性都设置为None。因此,如果不重写OnDragOver 方法,Drop 事件就不会被触发。代码如下:
1:  protected override void OnDragOver(DragEventArgs e)
2:  {
3:      int newIndex = GetDragOverIndex(e);
4:      if (newIndex >= 0)
5:      {
6:          e.AcceptedOperation = Windows.ApplicationModel.DataTransfer.DataPackageOperation.Move;
运行代码时编译器会发出很多关于ItemContainerGenerator 方法的警告,调用ItemsControl 响应方法就可以处理WarningVariableSizedWrapGrid存在很多限制,为了解决这些限制,在上述代码中添加 PrepareContainerForItemOverride 方法。最后需要升级GridViewEx 控件自带的样式,使其支持设备重定向。

更加适应手持设备

在GridViewEx控件中添加新的
PreparingContainerForItem 事件,该事件的参数即包含数据对象,也包含UI 容器,因此可根据需求设置UI属性,代码如下:
1:  /// <summary>
2:  /// Set column spans depending on group id.
3:  /// </summary>
4:  /// <param name="sender"></param>
5:  /// <param name="e"></param>
6:  private void gve_PreparingContainerForItem(object sender, GridViewEx.PreparingContainerForItemEventArgs e)
7:  {
8:      try
9:      {
10:          Item it = e.Item as Item;
11:          if (it != null)
12:          {
13:              e.Element.SetValue(Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.VariableSizedWrapGrid.ColumnSpanProperty, it.GroupId % 2 + 1);
14:          }
15:      }
16:      catch
17:      {
18:          e.Element.SetValue(Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.VariableSizedWrapGrid.ColumnSpanProperty, 1);
19:      }
20:  }

在多设备中具有良好用户体验

 为了适应多种设备,需要生成自适应布局。本文中主要通过修改内容项的尺寸来实现该功能。创建了Bound ,Unbound以及Grouped 示例文件,Grouped 显示单个GridView控件,因此在移动端能够修改Tile的尺寸及边框。Bound 和Unbound 示例是由2个GridView控件组成,小屏幕中显的内容较多,无法显示更多的细节性的内容,因此使用Pivot控件保证同一时间只显示一个GridView控件,并支持GridView之间切换。代码如下:
1:  public double TileSize
2:  {
3:      get { return (double)GetValue(TileSizeProperty); }
4:      set { SetValue(TileSizeProperty, value); }
5:  }
6:  public static readonly DependencyProperty TileSizeProperty =
7:      DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(TileSize), typeof(double), typeof(Customized), new PropertyMetadata(100));
8:  public Customized()
9:  {
10:      if (IsWindowsPhoneDevice())
11:      {
12:          TileSize = 72;
13:      }
14:      this.InitializeComponent();
15:  }
GridViewEx 和GridView 中绑定代码如下:
1:  <GroupStyle.Panel>
2:      <ItemsPanelTemplate>
3:          <VariableSizedWrapGrid ItemHeight="{Binding TileSize, ElementName=pageRoot}"
4:                                 ItemWidth="{Binding TileSize, ElementName=pageRoot}"
5:                                 Orientation="Horizontal" MaximumRowsOrColumns="10"/>
6:      </ItemsPanelTemplate>
7:  </GroupStyle.Panel>
 

总结

自定义GridViewEx控件扩展了GridView控件,丰富了功能,并新增适应UWP平台App的开发。示例图片:

UWP平台开发工具

ComponentOne Studio for UWP,是一套可以编写所有 UWP 平台应用的控件集,包括表格、报表、图表、仪表盘、组织图、地图、PDF、Excel、Word、日程安排、输入、导航等多个控件,有效帮助开发过程。原文链接:http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1037059/How-to-Upgrade-Extended-GridView-from-WinRT-to-Uni
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