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最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

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2015-02-25 12:40 4352人阅读 评论(6) 收藏 举报

flashactionscript播放推流RTMP

目录(?)[+]

=====================================================

Flash流媒体文章列表:

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:网页播放器(HTTP,RTMP,HLS)

=====================================================

本文记录一些基于Flash的流媒体处理的例子。Flash平台最常见的流媒体协议是RTMP。此前记录的一些基于C/C++的RTMP播放器/推流器,但是没有记录过基于Flash中的ActionScript的RTMP播放器/推流器。其实基于Flash的RTMP播放器/推流器才能算得上是RTMP技术中的“正规军”。RTMP本身设计出来就是用于Flash平台之间通信的,而且RTMP最大的优势——“无插件直播”,也是得益于广泛安装在客户端的Flash Player。因此本文分别记录一个基于ActionScript的RTMP播放器和基于ActionScript的RTMP推流器。



基于C/C++的RTMP流媒体处理的例子可以参考下面几个。

发布

最简单的基于librtmp的示例:发布H.264(H.264通过RTMP发布)

最简单的基于librtmp的示例:发布(FLV通过RTMP发布)

最简单的基于FFmpeg的推流器(以推送RTMP为例)

接收

最简单的基于librtmp的示例:接收(RTMP保存为FLV)

最简单的基于FFMPEG+SDL的视频播放器 ver2 (采用SDL2.0)

简介

相比于使用C/C++处理RTMP而言,使用ActionScript处理RTMP非常的简单。RTMP建立连接的方法都已经封装好了,只需要调用现成的接口函数就可以了。但是使用ActionScript处理RTMP的劣势也十分明显——可供自己开发的地方很少。由于Flash本身不开源,所以我们无法得到它的底层代码,因而也不能对编解码底层的参数进行调整。总而言之,ActionScript处理RTMP可以概括为几个字:“简单但是不灵活”。

ActionScript播放RTMP

ActionScript播放RTMP流媒体的流程如下图所示。



从图中可以看出,流程可以分成两部分:播放和显示。

播放

播放分成3步:
(1)建立NetConnection

(2)建立NetStream

(3)调用NetStream的play()方法

前2步分别建立了RTMP规范中的两个逻辑结构:NetConnection和NetStream。NetConnection代表服务器端应用程序和客户端之间基础的连通关系。NetStream代表了发送多媒体数据的通道。服务器和客户端之间只能建立一个NetConnection,但是基于该连接可以创建很多NetStream。这两个结构的结构如下图所示。



显示

显示部分将播放的视频显示在“舞台”上。这一部分通过创建一个Video对象实现。

ActionScript推送RTMP

ActionScript推送RTMP流媒体的流程如下图所示。



从图中可以看出,推送RTMP的流程和播放有些类似,最主要的不同在于推送最后调用的是NetStream的publish()方法,而播放最后调用的是NetStream的play()方法。推流分成4步:

(1)建立NetConnection

(2)建立NetStream

(3)绑定摄像头和麦克风

(4)调用NetStream的play()方法

推流程序开始运行后,可以通过ffplay,VLC或者Flash应用程序访问相应的RTMP URL查看流媒体。

代码

本文附件中包含以下2个ActionScript工程:
simplest as3 rtmp player,最简单的RTMP播放器,其中包含3个独立的子工程:

simplest_as3_rtmp_player:最简单的RTMP播放器。
simplest_as3_local_player:最简单的本地文件播放器。
simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen:最简单的RTMP多屏播放器。

simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer,最简单的RTMP推流器
下面看一下上述几个工程的源代码。

simplest_as3_rtmp_player

simplest_as3_rtmp_player是最简单的RTMP播放器,代码如下所示。

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/**

* 最简单的基于ActionScript的RTMP播放器

* Simplest AS3 RTMP Player

*

* 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua

* leixiaohua1020@126.com

* 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术

* Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology

* http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
*

* 本程序使用ActionScript3语言完成,播放RTMP服务器上的流媒体

* 是最简单的基于ActionScript3的播放器。

*

* This software is written in Actionscript3, it plays stream

* on RTMP server

* It's the simplest RTMP player based on ActionScript3.

*

*/

package {

import flash.display.Sprite;

import flash.net.NetConnection;

import flash.events.NetStatusEvent;

import flash.events.AsyncErrorEvent;

import flash.net.NetStream;

import flash.media.Video;

public class simplest_as3_rtmp_player extends Sprite

{

var nc:NetConnection;

var ns:NetStream;

var video:Video;

public function simplest_as3_rtmp_player()

{

nc = new NetConnection();

nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, netStatusHandler);

nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/live");

}

private function netStatusHandler(event:NetStatusEvent):void

{

trace("event.info.level: " + event.info.level + "\n", "event.info.code: " + event.info.code);

switch (event.info.code)

{

case "NetConnection.Connect.Success":

doVideo(nc);

break;

case "NetConnection.Connect.Failed":

break;

case "NetConnection.Connect.Rejected":

break;

case "NetStream.Play.Stop":

break;

case "NetStream.Play.StreamNotFound":

break;

}

}

// play a recorded stream on the server

private function doVideo(nc:NetConnection):void {

ns = new NetStream(nc);

ns.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, netStatusHandler);

video = new Video(640,480);

video.attachNetStream(ns);

ns.play("myCamera");

addChild(video);

}

// create a playlist on the server

/*

private function doPlaylist(nc:NetConnection):void {

ns = new NetStream(nc);

ns.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, netStatusHandler);

video = new Video();

video.attachNetStream(ns);

// Play the first 3 seconds of the video

ns.play( "bikes", 0, 3, true );

// Play from 20 seconds on

ns.play( "bikes", 20, -1, false);

// End on frame 5

ns.play( "bikes", 5, 0, false );

addChild(video);

}

*/

}

}

simplest_as3_local_player

simplest_as3_local_player用于播放本地FLV文件。ActionScript中播放本地视频(*.flv)和播放RTMP流程是一样的:先创建NetConnection,再创建NetStream。它们最大的不同在于,播放本地文件建立NetConnection的时候,是不传地址的。例如播放RTMP的时候代码如下:

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nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/live");

播放本地文件的时候代码如下:

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nc.connect(null);

调用play()的时候,RTMP传递服务器上的路径,如下所示。

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ns.play("myCamera");

本地文件直接传递本地路径,如下所示。

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ns.play("sintel.flv");

simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen

simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen是一个多屏播放的简单例子。实现了2x2网格播放4路视频。不再过多记录。

simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer

simplest_as3_rtmp_player是最简单的RTMP推流器,代码如下所示。

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/**

* 最简单的基于ActionScript的RTMP推流器

* Simplest AS3 RTMP Streamer

*

* 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua

* leixiaohua1020@126.com

* 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术

* Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology

* http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
*

* 本程序使用ActionScript3语言完成,推送本地摄像头的数据至RTMP流媒体服务器,

* 是最简单的基于ActionScript3的推流器。

*

* This software is written in Actionscript3, it streams camera's video to

* RTMP server.

* It's the simplest RTMP streamer based on ActionScript3.

*

*/

package {

import flash.display.MovieClip;

import flash.net.NetConnection;

import flash.events.NetStatusEvent;

import flash.net.NetStream;

import flash.media.Video;

import flash.media.Camera;

import flash.media.Microphone;

//import flash.media.H264Profile;

//import flash.media.H264VideoStreamSettings;

public class simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer extends MovieClip

{

var nc:NetConnection;

var ns:NetStream;

var nsPlayer:NetStream;

var vid:Video;

var vidPlayer:Video;

var cam:Camera;

var mic:Microphone;

var screen_w:int=320;

var screen_h:int=240;

public function simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer()

{

nc = new NetConnection();

nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, onNetStatus);

nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/live");

}

private function onNetStatus(event:NetStatusEvent):void{

trace(event.info.code);

if(event.info.code == "NetConnection.Connect.Success"){

publishCamera();

displayPublishingVideo();

displayPlaybackVideo();

}

}

private function publishCamera() {

//Cam

cam = Camera.getCamera();

/**

* public function setMode(width:int, height:int, fps:Number, favorArea:Boolean = true):void

* width:int — The requested capture width, in pixels. The default value is 160.

* height:int — The requested capture height, in pixels. The default value is 120.

* fps:Number — The requested capture frame rate, in frames per second. The default value is 15.

*/

cam.setMode(640, 480, 15);

/**

* public function setKeyFrameInterval(keyFrameInterval:int):void

* The number of video frames transmitted in full (called keyframes) instead of being interpolated by the video compression algorithm.

* The default value is 15, which means that every 15th frame is a keyframe. A value of 1 means that every frame is a keyframe.

* The allowed values are 1 through 300.

*/

cam.setKeyFrameInterval(25);

/**

* public function setQuality(bandwidth:int, quality:int):void

* bandwidth:int — Specifies the maximum amount of bandwidth that the current outgoing video feed can use, in bytes per second (bps).

* To specify that the video can use as much bandwidth as needed to maintain the value of quality, pass 0 for bandwidth.

* The default value is 16384.

* quality:int — An integer that specifies the required level of picture quality, as determined by the amount of compression

* being applied to each video frame. Acceptable values range from 1 (lowest quality, maximum compression) to 100

* (highest quality, no compression). To specify that picture quality can vary as needed to avoid exceeding bandwidth,

* pass 0 for quality.

*/

cam.setQuality(200000, 90);

/**

* public function setProfileLevel(profile:String, level:String):void

* Set profile and level for video encoding.

* Possible values for profile are H264Profile.BASELINE and H264Profile.MAIN. Default value is H264Profile.BASELINE.

* Other values are ignored and results in an error.

* Supported levels are 1, 1b, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 5, and 5.1.

* Level may be increased if required by resolution and frame rate.

*/

//var h264setting:H264VideoStreamSettings = new H264VideoStreamSettings();

// h264setting.setProfileLevel(H264Profile.MAIN, 4);

//Mic

mic = Microphone.getMicrophone();

/*

* The encoded speech quality when using the Speex codec. Possible values are from 0 to 10. The default value is 6.

* Higher numbers represent higher quality but require more bandwidth, as shown in the following table.

* The bit rate values that are listed represent net bit rates and do not include packetization overhead.

* ------------------------------------------

* Quality value | Required bit rate (kbps)

*-------------------------------------------

* 0 | 3.95

* 1 | 5.75

* 2 | 7.75

* 3 | 9.80

* 4 | 12.8

* 5 | 16.8

* 6 | 20.6

* 7 | 23.8

* 8 | 27.8

* 9 | 34.2

* 10 | 42.2

*-------------------------------------------

*/

mic.encodeQuality = 9;

/* The rate at which the microphone is capturing sound, in kHz. Acceptable values are 5, 8, 11, 22, and 44. The default value is 8 kHz

* if your sound capture device supports this value. Otherwise, the default value is the next available capture level above 8 kHz that

* your sound capture device supports, usually 11 kHz.

*

*/

mic.rate = 44;

ns = new NetStream(nc);

//H.264 Setting

//ns.videoStreamSettings = h264setting;

ns.attachCamera(cam);

ns.attachAudio(mic);

ns.publish("myCamera", "live");

}

private function displayPublishingVideo():void {

vid = new Video(screen_w, screen_h);

vid.x = 10;

vid.y = 10;

vid.attachCamera(cam);

addChild(vid);

}

private function displayPlaybackVideo():void{

nsPlayer = new NetStream(nc);

nsPlayer.play("myCamera");

vidPlayer = new Video(screen_w, screen_h);

vidPlayer.x = screen_w + 20;

vidPlayer.y = 10;

vidPlayer.attachNetStream(nsPlayer);

addChild(vidPlayer);

}

}

}

结果

simplest as3 rtmp player运行后会自动连接RTMP URL:rtmp://localhost/live/myCamera。

程序运行后的结果如下图所示。



simplest_as3_local_player运行会播放sintel.flv文件。

运行结果如下图所示。



simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen运行后会连接4个RTMP URL。

运行结果如下图所示。



simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer运行结果后会推送本机的摄像头的视频和麦克风的音频到指定的RTMP URL(在这里是rtmp://localhost/live/myCamera)。左侧的视频是从摄像头读取的视频,右侧的视频是推流后从RTMP URL读取的视频(一般会有一定延时)。

运行结果如下图所示。



下载

Simplest flashmedia example

SourceForge:https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplestflashmediaexample/

Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_flashmedia_example

开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_flashmedia_example

CSDN下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/8456441

本工程包含如下基于Flash技术的流媒体的例子:

simplest_as3_rtmp_player: 最简单的RTMP播放器(基于ActionScript)

simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer: 最简单的RTMP推流器(基于ActionScript)

rtmp_sample_player_adobe: 从Adobe Flash Media Sever提取出来的测试播放器

rtmp_sample_player_wowza: 从Wowza服务器中提取出来的测试播放器

rtmp_sample_player_flowplayer: 基于FlowPlayer的RTMP/HTTP播放器(添加RTMP plugin)

rtmp_sample_player_videojs: 基于VideoJS的RTMP/HTTP播放器

rtmp_sample_player_jwplayer: 基于JWplayer的RTMP/HTTP播放器

hls_sample_player_flowplayer: 基于FlowPlayer的HLS播放器(添加HLS plugin)

hls_video_player_html5: 基于HTML5的HLS/HTTP播放器

activex_vlc_player: 基于VLC的ActiveX控件的播放器

注意:某些播放器直接打开html页面是不能工作的,需要把播放器放到Web服务器上。

(例如Apache或者Nginx)

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