第 三 十 三 天：shell编程之一键安装LAMP/LNMP

小Q：真正勇敢的人，应当能够智慧地忍受最难堪的荣辱，不以身外的荣辱介怀
，用息事宁人的态度避免无谓的横祸。 —— 莎士比亚

=======================================================================
学习了shell编程，我们知道它可以实现各种自动化，自动告警，自动执行多条命令，自动
监控某个服务，但是所有的一切都要基于我们会写shell脚本，而这是个时间积累的过程，
操作积累的过程，多写多练才能熟练；而有了这些后，你还得有思路，才能成功写出你需
要的任何脚本；
接下来我们编写一个比较大的脚本：一键搭建LAMP/LNMP架构；

思路：两种架构需要的软件就包含六种，首先模块化必不可少；说白了两种架构的搭建就
是安装安装对应的应用，所以每个应用的安装用一个函数代表，之后LAMP和LNMP各
自建一个模块指定相应的安装顺序；
如果实在没思路，就把每个程序的安装步骤写上去，每步都检查，逐渐排错，安装
步骤应该都知道了吧，不知道的话就没法装这个了

注意：1.要想写好一个脚本，必须要在每步操作后都进行检查，这样才能与针对性的改错
否则一篇几百行的脚本，出错后将无从查起；推荐创建一个检查模块；
2.执行每步操作前，我们要养成质疑的习惯，先判断有没有什么情况可以导致他运
行不了，要鸡蛋里挑骨头，你才能减少错误的发生；
3.模块内只能有大小写字母，下划线，不能有减号；
4.当变量与字符串比较时只能用==/>=/<=，不能用-eq等字符表示；

下面的程序，不会适合所有的机子，因为环境等等原因都会导致bug出现，仅供参考；

脚本来自于猿课阿铭老师，我只是做了注释和一些修改，方便初学者理解；

vim 1.sh

#!/bin/bash
##auto install LAMP or LNMP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo "It will install lamp or lnmp."
sleep 1                                       #打印上面字符串，休眠1秒

##check last command is OK or not.
check_ok() {                                  #定义检查模块，排错，特别重要
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
echo "Error, Check the error log."        #如果有错，打印字符串，退出安装
exit 1
fi
}

##get the archive of the system,i686 or x86_64.
ar=`arch`                                     #arch检查系统版本

##close seliux                                #关闭防火墙
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  #更改配置文件
selinux_s=`getenforce`          #因为该配置文件重启才能生效，我们又不能重启
if [ $selinux_s == "Enforcing"  -o $selinux_s == "enforcing" ]   #判断selinux状态
then                            #接上面话题，所以要临时关闭一下
setenforce 0                #setenforce 0 不能随便写，只有满足上面条件才可以
fi
##close iptables
iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables_`date +%s` #相当于下面保存规则的执行效果
iptables -F                                        #清空iptables
service iptables save

##if the packge installed ,then omit.
myum() {                                            #定义myum模块
if ! rpm -qa|grep -q "^$1"                          #检索$1有没有安装，$1下面有调用
then
yum install -y $1                               #没有安装，则执行yum安装
check_ok                                        #检查有无错
else
echo $1 already installed.                      #调用的$1已经被安装
fi
}

## install some packges.          #安装一些包预防万一，也可以在出错后安装
for p in gcc wget perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel
do
myum $p                                         #安装上述包，调用myum模块
done

##install epel.                                     #安装epel yum扩展源
if rpm -qa epel-release >/dev/null                  #输出内容写入黑洞，永久丢失
then
rpm -e epel-release                             #删除包
fi
if ls /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo* >/dev/null 2>&1 #说白了就是将所有文件删除掉
then
rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-6.repo*
fi
wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/    #安装

#---------------------------------- myaql/php/httpd ----------------------------------#
##function of installing mysqld.
install_mysqld() {                                  #创建模块
echo "Chose the version of mysql."                  #交互显示
select mysql_v in 5.1 5.6                           #一个选择的命令，类似for
do
case $mysql_v in                                #case判断语句
5.1)                                        #注意要用1或2进行选择
cd /usr/local/src
[ -f mysql-5.1.72-linux-$ar-glibc23.tar.gz ] || wget   #||指前面正确，后面不执行
tar zxf mysql-5.1.72-linux-$ar-glibc23.tar.gz
check_ok
[ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && /bin/mv /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql_`date +%s`                                                   #&&指前面正确，后面才执行
mv mysql-5.1.72-linux-$ar-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql    #因为版本格式，加$ar
check_ok
if ! grep '^mysql:' /etc/passwd          #判断是否有mysql用户
then
useradd -M mysql -s /sbin/nologin
check_ok
fi
myum compat-libstdc++-33                 #安装需要用到的包
[ -d /data/mysql ] && /bin/mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_`date +%s`
mkdir -p /data/mysql                     #判断并新建数据库目录
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql         #改权限
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
check_ok                                 #编译安装
/bin/cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
check_ok                                 #拷贝配置文件
sed -i '/^\[mysqld\]$/a\datadir = /data/mysql' /etc/my.cnf #\a指在后面加一行
/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld   #拷贝启动脚本
sed -i 's#^datadir=#datadir=/data/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld #替换，指定路径
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
service mysqld start                     #更改权限，开机自启，启动服务
check_ok
break
;;                                       #break结束本模块，；；结束符
5.6)
cd /usr/local/src                        #安装原理一样，更改版本号就ok
[ -f mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-$ar.tar.gz ] || wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-$ar.tar.gz tar zxf mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-$ar.tar.gz
check_ok
[ -d /usr/local/mysql ] && /bin/mv /usr/local/mysql /usr/local/mysql_bak
mv mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-$ar /usr/local/mysql
if ! grep '^mysql:' /etc/passwd
then
useradd -M mysql -s /sbin/nologin
fi
myum compat-libstdc++-33
[ -d /data/mysql ] && /bin/mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_bak
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
check_ok                                     #编译方式，同其他不一样
/bin/cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
check_ok
sed -i '/^\[mysqld\]$/a\datadir = /data/mysql' /etc/my.cnf
/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#^datadir=#datadir=/data/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
service mysqld start
check_ok
break
;;
*)
echo "only 1(5.1) or 2(5.6)"
exit 1                                 #非以上两版本，输出内容，直接退出
;;
esac
done
}

##function of install httpd.
install_httpd() {                                  #安装Apache
echo "Install apache version 2.2."                 #大体方式同上一样
cd /usr/local/src
[ -f httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz ] || wget  http://syslab.comsenz.com/downloads/linux/httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz tar zxf  httpd-2.2.16.tar.gz && cd httpd-2.2.16
check_ok
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/apache2 \
--with-included-apr \
--enable-so \
--enable-deflate=shared \
--enable-expires=shared \
--enable-rewrite=shared \
--with-pcre
check_ok
make && make install                               #源码包要编译安装
check_ok
}
##function of install lamp's php.                  #安装LAMP中的php
install_php() {
echo -e "Install php.\nPlease chose the version of php." #-e 有转义作用，使\n代表回车
select php_v in 5.4 5.6
do
case $php_v in
5.4)
cd /usr/local/src/
[ -f php-5.4.45.tar.bz2 ] || wget 'http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.4.45.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror' -O php-5.4.45.tar.bz2
tar jxf php-5.4.45.tar.bz2 && cd php-5.4.45
for p in openssl-devel bzip2-devel \
libxml2-devel curl-devel libpng-devel \
libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel\
libtool-ltdl-devel perl-devel
do
myum $p
done
check_ok
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc  \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-bz2 \
--with-openssl \
--with-mcrypt \
--enable-soap \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-exif \
--disable-ipv6
check_ok
make && make install                     #其实完全可以把版本模块化
check_ok
[ -f /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini ] || /bin/cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
break
;;
5.6)
cd /usr/local/src/
[ -f php-5.6.6.tar.gz ] || wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-5.6.6.tar.gz tar zxf php-5.6.6.tar.gz &&   cd php-5.6.6
for p in openssl-devel bzip2-devel \
libxml2-devel curl-devel libpng-devel \
libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel\
libtool-ltdl-devel perl-devel
do
myum $p
done
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc  \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-bz2 \
--with-openssl \
--with-mcrypt \
--enable-soap \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-exif \
--disable-ipv6
check_ok
make && make install
check_ok
[ -f /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini ] || /bin/cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
break
;;
*)
echo "only 1(5.4) or 2(5.6)"
;;
esac
done
}
##function of apache and php configue.          #Apache与php结合
join_apa_php() {
sed -i '/AddType .*.gz .tgz$/a\AddType application\/x-httpd-php .php' /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf                                 #在Apache配置文件AddType后添加一行
check_ok
sed -i 's/DirectoryIndex index.html/DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm/' /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf                   #替换，使之可以解析php htm
check_ok
cat > /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.php <<EOF #把下面内容定向到文件
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
EOF
if /usr/local/php/bin/php -i |grep -iq 'date.timezone => no value'
then
sed -i '/;date.timezone =$/a\date.timezone = "Asia\/Chongqing"'  /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini                                          #-i真实更改内容，而不是检索显示
fi
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart        #重启
check_ok
}
#--------------------------------check service running----------------------------------
##function of check service is running or not, example nginx, httpd, php-fpm.
check_service() {
if [ "$1" == "phpfpm" ]                         #用s代表php-fpm，而不是phpfpm
then                                            #因为搜索进程phpfpm没结果
s="php-fpm"                                 #而且上面模块内不能有-，所以在这
else
s=$1
fi
n=`ps aux |grep "$s"|wc -l`                     #查看php的进程数，大于1则说明已经启动
if [ $n -gt 1 ]
then
echo "$1 service is already started."
else
if [ -f /etc/init.d/$1 ]                    #查看有没有ph-fpm文件
then
/etc/init.d/$1 start                    #悠久开启
check_ok
else
install_$1                              #没有的话返回安装
fi
fi
}
##function of install lamp                      #安装lamp，注意顺序
lamp() {
check_service mysqld
check_service httpd
install_php
join_apa_php
echo "LAMP done，Please use 'http://your ip/index.php' to access."
}
#---------------------------------INSTALL LNMP---------------------------------------#
##function of install nginx
install_nginx() {
cd /usr/local/src
[ -f nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz ] || wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.0
myum pcre-devel
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
check_ok
make && make install
check_ok
if [ -f /etc/init.d/nginx ]
then
/bin/mv /etc/init.d/nginx  /etc/init.d/nginx_`date +%s`
fi
curl http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/.nginx_init  -o /etc/init.d/nginx
check_ok
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
curl http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/.nginx_conf -o /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
check_ok
service nginx start
check_ok
echo -e "<?php\n    phpinfo();\n?>" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
check_ok
}
##function of install php-fpm
install_phpfpm() {
echo -e "Install php.\nPlease chose the version of php."
select php_v in 5.4 5.6
do
case $php_v in
5.4)
cd /usr/local/src/
[ -f php-5.4.45.tar.bz2 ] || wget 'http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.4.45.tar.bz2/from/this/mirror' -O php-5.4.45.tar.bz2
tar jxf php-5.4.45.tar.bz2 && cd php-5.4.45
for p in  openssl-devel bzip2-devel \
libxml2-devel curl-devel libpng-devel \
libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel\
libtool-ltdl-devel perl-devel
do
myum $p
done
if ! grep -q '^php-fpm:' /etc/passwd
then
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
check_ok
fi
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=php-fpm \
--with-fpm-group=php-fpm \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-mcrypt \
--enable-soap \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-exif \
--enable-zend-multibyte \
--disable-ipv6 \
--with-pear \
--with-curl \
--with-openssl
check_ok
make && make install
check_ok
[ -f /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini ] || /bin/cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
if /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php -i |grep -iq 'date.timezone => no value'
then
sed -i '/;date.timezone =$/a\date.timezone = "Asia\/Chongqing"'  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
check_ok
fi
[ -f /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf ] || curl http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/.phpfpm_conf -o /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
[ -f /etc/init.d/phpfpm ] || /bin/cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/phpfpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/phpfpm
chkconfig phpfpm on
service phpfpm start
check_ok
break
;;
5.6)
cd /usr/local/src/
[ -f php-5.6.6.tar.gz ] || wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-5.6.6.tar.gz tar zxf php-5.6.6.tar.gz &&   cd php-5.6.6
for p in  openssl-devel bzip2-devel \
libxml2-devel curl-devel libpng-devel \
libjpeg-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel\
libtool-ltdl-devel perl-devel
do
myum $p
done
if ! grep -q '^php-fpm:' /etc/passwd
then
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
fi
check_ok
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--with-fpm-user=php-fpm \
--with-fpm-group=php-fpm \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock \
--with-libxml-dir \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-iconv-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-mcrypt \
--enable-soap \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-exif \
--disable-ipv6 \
--with-pear \
--with-curl \
--with-openssl
check_ok
make && make install
check_ok
[ -f /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini ] || /bin/cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
if /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php -i |grep -iq 'date.timezone => no value'
then
sed -i '/;date.timezone =$/a\date.timezone = "Asia\/Chongqing"'  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
check_ok
fi
[ -f /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf ] || curl http://www.apelearn.com/study_v2/.phpfpm_conf -o /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
check_ok
[ -f /etc/init.d/phpfpm ] || /bin/cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/phpfpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/phpfpm
chkconfig phpfpm on
service phpfpm start
check_ok
break
;;
*)
echo 'only 1(5.4) or 2(5.6)'
;;
esac
done
}
##function of install lnmp
lnmp() {
check_service mysqld
check_service nginx
check_service phpfpm
echo "The lnmp done, Please use 'http://your ip/index.php' to access."
}
#--------------------------------SELECT LAMP OR LNMP-----------------------------------#
read -p "Please chose which type env you install, (lamp|lnmp)? " t
case $t in
lamp)
lamp
;;
lnmp)
lnmp
;;
*)
echo "Only 'lamp' or 'lnmp' your can input."
;;
esac

=========================================================================================
体系结构：检查模块

| 其实重要的就是上边几个模块不好想
检查系统版本 不过让每个应用的安装顺序在你脑中
| 多过几遍，然后直接写他们安装步骤
关闭防火墙 模块化，后面的几个模块是没问题，
| 其实过程中，关闭防火墙，安装需要
yum安装模块 的包，安装扩展源，你都会在经检查
| 模块，检查出来的
安装备用包和扩展源
|
mysql.nttpd.php安装模块
|
结合php与http.lamp安装模块
|
nginx.php.lnmp安装模块 最重点的目标在底层，我们业可以反向
| 的想，安装这个需要什么，一步步列出
一键选择lamp/lnmp安装模块 来，然后流程图似的框架就有了