mysql导出数据详解

1.导出数据库表的一部分数据

格式：mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名 表名 --where="筛选条件" > 导出文件路径

2.压缩的方式导出：

格式：mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名 |gzip>xxxx.sql.tar.gz

详细的参数说明如下：

root@listserver:~# mysqldump --help

mysqldump Ver 10.13 Distrib 5.5.44, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.

Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]

OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]

OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:

/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

The following groups are read: mysqldump client

The following options may be given as the first argument:

--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.

--no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file.

--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.

--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.

-A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases

with all databases selected.

-Y, --all-tablespaces

Dump all the tablespaces.

-y, --no-tablespaces

Do not dump any tablespace information.

--add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.

--add-drop-table Add a DROP TABLE before each create.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)

--add-locks Add locks around INSERT statements.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)

--allow-keywords Allow creation of column names that are keywords.

--apply-slave-statements

Adds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START

SLAVE' to bottom of dump.

--character-sets-dir=name

Directory for character set files.

-i, --comments Write additional information.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)

--compatible=name Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By

default tables are dumped in a format optimized for

MySQL. Legal modes are: ansi, mysql323, mysql40,

postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options,

no_table_options, no_field_options. One can use several

modes separated by commas. Note: Requires MySQL server

version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored with

earlier server versions.

--compact Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables

structure comments and header/footer constructs. Enables

options --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks

--skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.

-c, --complete-insert

Use complete insert statements.

-C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol.

-a, --create-options

Include all MySQL specific create options.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)

-B, --databases Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in

this case no tables are given. All name arguments are

regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be

included in the output.

-#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.

--debug-check Check memory and open file usage at exit.

--debug-info Print some debug info at exit.

--default-character-set=name

Set the default character set.

--delayed-insert Insert rows with INSERT DELAYED.

--delete-master-logs

Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically

enables --master-data.

-K, --disable-keys '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and

'/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put

in the output.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)

--dump-slave[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename of the

master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting

the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command

in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command

will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will

turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is

specified too (in which case a global read lock is only

taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't

forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all

cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment

of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.

-E, --events Dump events.

-e, --extended-insert

Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several

VALUES lists.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)

--fields-terminated-by=name

Fields in the output file are terminated by the given

string.

--fields-enclosed-by=name

Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given

character.

--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name

Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the

given character.

--fields-escaped-by=name

Fields in the output file are escaped by the given

character.

-F, --flush-logs Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that

if you dump many databases at once (using the option

--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be

flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when

using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case

the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the

moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump

and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you

should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with

--flush-logs.

--flush-privileges Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql

database. This option should be used any time the dump

contains the mysql database and any other database that

depends on the data in the mysql database for proper

restore.

-f, --force Continue even if we get an SQL error.

-?, --help Display this help message and exit.

--hex-blob Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in

hexadecimal format.

-h, --host=name Connect to host.

--ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one

table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once

for each table. Each table must be specified with both

database and table names, e.g.,

--ignore-table=database.table.

--include-master-host-port

Adds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE

MASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-slave.

--insert-ignore Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.

--lines-terminated-by=name

Lines in the output file are terminated by the given

string.

-x, --lock-all-tables

Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved

by taking a global read lock for the duration of the

whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and

--lock-tables off.

-l, --lock-tables Lock all tables for read.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)

--log-error=name Append warnings and errors to given file.

--master-data[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename to be

appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a

CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will

be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn

--lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is

specified too (in which case a global read lock is only

taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't

forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all

cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment

of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables

off.

--max-allowed-packet=#

The maximum packet length to send to or receive from

server.

--net-buffer-length=#

The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.

--no-autocommit Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.

-n, --no-create-db Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement that

normally is output for each dumped database if

--all-databases or --databases is given.

-t, --no-create-info

Don't write table creation info.

-d, --no-data No row information.

-N, --no-set-names Same as --skip-set-charset.

--opt Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,

--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,

and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with

--skip-opt.

--order-by-primary Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique

key, if such a key exists. Useful when dumping a MyISAM

table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make

the dump itself take considerably longer.

-p, --password[=name]

Password to use when connecting to server. If password is

not given it's solicited on the tty.

-P, --port=# Port number to use for connection.

--protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,

memory).

-q, --quick Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)

-Q, --quote-names Quote table and column names with backticks (`).

(Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)

--replace Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.

-r, --result-file=name

Direct output to a given file. This option should be used

in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return

linefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This option

ensures that only a single newline is used.

-R, --routines Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).

--set-charset Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)

--single-transaction

Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a

single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in

storage engines which support multiversioning (currently

only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be

consistent for other storage engines. While a

--single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a

valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log

position), no other connection should use the following

statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,

TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated

from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.

--dump-date Put a dump date to the end of the output.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)

--skip-opt Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,

--create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,

--lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.

-S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection.

--ssl Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with

other flags).

--ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies

--ssl).

--ssl-capath=name CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).

--ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format (implies --ssl).

--ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use (implies --ssl).

--ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format (implies --ssl).

--ssl-verify-server-cert

Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against

hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by

default.

-T, --tab=name Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given

path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works

if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld

server.

--tables Overrides option --databases (-B).

--triggers Dump triggers for each dumped table.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)

--tz-utc SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of

TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time

zones or data is being moved between servers with

different time zones.

(Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)

-u, --user=name User for login if not current user.

-v, --verbose Print info about the various stages.

-V, --version Output version information and exit.

-w, --where=name Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.

-X, --xml Dump a database as well formed XML.

--plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.

--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.

Variables (--variable-name=value)

and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)

--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------

all-databases FALSE

all-tablespaces FALSE

no-tablespaces FALSE

add-drop-database FALSE

add-drop-table TRUE

add-locks TRUE

allow-keywords FALSE

apply-slave-statements FALSE

character-sets-dir (No default value)

comments TRUE

compatible (No default value)

compact FALSE

complete-insert FALSE

compress FALSE

create-options TRUE

databases FALSE

debug-check FALSE

debug-info FALSE

default-character-set utf8

delayed-insert FALSE

delete-master-logs FALSE

disable-keys TRUE

dump-slave 0

events FALSE

extended-insert TRUE

fields-terminated-by (No default value)

fields-enclosed-by (No default value)

fields-optionally-enclosed-by (No default value)

fields-escaped-by (No default value)

flush-logs FALSE

flush-privileges FALSE

force FALSE

hex-blob FALSE

host (No default value)

include-master-host-port FALSE

insert-ignore FALSE

lines-terminated-by (No default value)

lock-all-tables FALSE

lock-tables TRUE

log-error (No default value)

master-data 0

max-allowed-packet 16777216

net-buffer-length 1046528

no-autocommit FALSE

no-create-db FALSE

no-create-info FALSE

no-data FALSE

order-by-primary FALSE

port 3306

quick TRUE

quote-names TRUE

replace FALSE

routines FALSE

set-charset TRUE

single-transaction FALSE

dump-date TRUE

socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

ssl FALSE

ssl-ca (No default value)

ssl-capath (No default value)

ssl-cert (No default value)

ssl-cipher (No default value)

ssl-key (No default value)

ssl-verify-server-cert FALSE

tab (No default value)

triggers TRUE

tz-utc TRUE

user (No default value)

verbose FALSE

where (No default value)

plugin-dir (No default value)

default-auth (No default value)