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Android中获取当前位置的三种方式

2015-09-23 14:26 369 查看
1.GPS定位

在实现GPS定位前,先了解一下GPS的部分特性:

  1. GPS定位需要依靠3颗或3颗以上的卫星。

  2. GPS定位受环境影响较大,在晴朗的空地上,较容易搜索到卫星,而在室内通常是无法搜索到卫星的。

  3. GPS定位需要使用GPS功能模块,而GPS功能模块的耗电量是巨大的。

  在Android系统中,实现GPS定位的思路应该是:

  1. 获取GPS的Location Provider。

  2. 讲此Provider传入到requestLocationUpdates()方法,让Android系统获知搜索位置方式。

  3. 创建实现了GpsStatus.Listener接口的对象,重写onGpsStatusChanged()方法,向LocationManager添加次监听器,检测卫星状态。(可选步骤)

  根据以上思路,仿照Android定位功能(一)中的例子,可以很容易的得到以下实现代码:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private LocationManager locationManager;
private GpsStatus gpsstatus;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

//获取到LocationManager对象
locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);

//根据设置的Criteria对象,获取最符合此标准的provider对象
String currentProvider = locationManager.getProvider(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER).getName();

//根据当前provider对象获取最后一次位置信息
Location currentLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(currentProvider);
//如果位置信息为null,则请求更新位置信息
if(currentLocation == null){
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(currentProvider, 0, 0, locationListener);
}
//增加GPS状态监听器
locationManager.addGpsStatusListener(gpsListener);

//直到获得最后一次位置信息为止,如果未获得最后一次位置信息,则显示默认经纬度
//每隔10秒获取一次位置信息
while(true){
currentLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(currentProvider);
if(currentLocation != null){
Log.d("Location","Latitude:"+ currentLocation.getLatitude());
Log.d("Location","location:"+ currentLocation.getLongitude());
break;
}else{
Log.d("Location","Latitude:"+ 0);
Log.d("Location","location:"+ 0);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Log.e("Location", e.getMessage());
}
}
}

private GpsStatus.Listener gpsListener = new GpsStatus.Listener(){
//GPS状态发生变化时触发
@Override
public void onGpsStatusChanged(int event) {
//获取当前状态
gpsstatus=locationManager.getGpsStatus(null);
switch(event){
//第一次定位时的事件
case GpsStatus.GPS_EVENT_FIRST_FIX:
break;
//开始定位的事件
case GpsStatus.GPS_EVENT_STARTED:
break;
//发送GPS卫星状态事件
case GpsStatus.GPS_EVENT_SATELLITE_STATUS:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"GPS_EVENT_SATELLITE_STATUS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Iterable<GpsSatellite> allSatellites = gpsstatus.getSatellites();
Iterator<GpsSatellite> it=allSatellites.iterator();
int count = 0;
while(it.hasNext())
{
count++;
}
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Satellite Count:"+ count, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
//停止定位事件
case GpsStatus.GPS_EVENT_STOPPED:
Log.d("Location","GPS_EVENT_STOPPED");
break;
}
}
};

//创建位置监听器
private LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener(){
//位置发生改变时调用
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
Log.d("Location","onLocationChanged");
}

//provider失效时调用
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
Log.d("Location","onProviderDisabled");
}

//provider启用时调用
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
Log.d("Location","onProviderEnabled");
}

//状态改变时调用
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
Log.d("Location","onStatusChanged");
}
};
}


2.基站定位

此类位置的获取有赖于手机无线通讯信号,当手机处在信号覆盖范围内,手机可以获得该区域(即通讯术语中的“小区”)的识别号。因为这些识别号是惟一的,因此可以将识别号和地理坐标对应起来,因此根据识别号就可以知道地理位置。但是误差比较大。

MCC(Mobile Country Code)、MNC(Mobile Network Code)、LAC(Location Aera Code)、CID(Cell Tower ID)是通讯业内的名词。MCC标识国家,MNC标识网络,两者组合起来则唯一标识一家通讯运营商。从维基百科上了解到,一个国家的MCC不唯一,例如中国有460和461,一家运营商也不只一个MNC,例如中国移动有00、02、07。LAC标识区域,类似于行政区域,运营商将大区域划分成若干小区域,每个区域分配一个LAC。CID标识基站,若手机处在工作状态,则必须要和一个通讯基站进行通讯,通过CID就可以确定手机所在的地理范围。

在Android当中,大部分和通讯网络相关的信息都需要经过一项系统服务,即TelephoneManager来获得。

/**
* Google定位的实现.<br/>
* Geolocation的详细信息请参见:<br/>
* <a
* href="http://code.google.com/apis/gears/geolocation_network_protocol.html"mce_href="http://code.google.com/apis/gears/geolocation_network_protocol.html">
* http://code.google.com/apis/gears/geolocation_network_protocol.html</a> */
public class LocationAct extends Activity {
private TextView txtInfo;
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Button btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
txtInfo = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtInfo);
btn.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
getLocation();
}
});
}
private void getLocation() {
TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
GsmCellLocation gsmCell = (GsmCellLocation) tm.getCellLocation();
int cid = gsmCell.getCid();
int lac = gsmCell.getLac();
String netOperator = tm.getNetworkOperator();
int mcc = Integer.valueOf(netOperator.substring(0, 3));
int mnc = Integer.valueOf(netOperator.substring(3, 5));
JSONObject holder = new JSONObject();
JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
try {
holder.put("version","1.1.0");
holder.put("host","maps.google.com");
holder.put("address_language","zh_CN");
holder.put("request_address", true);
holder.put("radio_type","gsm");
holder.put("carrier","HTC");
data.put("cell_id", cid);
data.put("location_area_code", lac);
data.put("mobile_countyr_code", mcc);
data.put("mobile_network_code", mnc);
array.put(data);
holder.put("cell_towers", array);
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.google.com/loc/json");
StringEntity stringEntity = null;
try {
stringEntity = new StringEntity(holder.toString());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
try {
httpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
InputStream is = null;
try {
is = httpEntity.getContent();
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(isr);
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
String result ="";
while ((result = reader.readLine()) != null) {
stringBuffer.append(result);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
txtInfo.setText(stringBuffer.toString());
}
}


3.网络定位(wife定位)

其原理是首先收集每个WIFI无线接入点的位置,对每个无线路由器进行唯一的标识,在数据库中注明这些接入点的具体位置。 使用时,一旦发现有WI-FI接入点,则进入到数据中查看匹配的记录,进而得到位置信息。

WIFI定位主要取决于节点(node)的物理地址(mac address)。与提供TelephoneManager一样,Android也提供了获取WIFI信息的接口:WifiManager。

public class WiFiInfoManager implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4582739827003032383L;

private Context context;

public WiFiInfoManager(Context context) {
super();
this.context = context;
}

public WifiInfo getWifiInfo() {
WifiManager manager = (WifiManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
WifiInfo info = new WifiInfo();
info.mac = manager.getConnectionInfo().getBSSID();
Log.i("TAG","WIFI MAC is:"+ info.mac);
return info;
}

public class WifiInfo {

public String mac;

public WifiInfo() {
super();
}
}

}

//上面是取到WIFI的mac地址的方法,下面是把地址发送给google服务器,代码如下:

public static Location getWIFILocation(WifiInfo wifi) {

if (wifi == null) {

Log.i("TAG","wifi is null.");

return null;

}

DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://www.google.com/loc/json");

JSONObject holder = new JSONObject();

try {

holder.put("version","1.1.0");

holder.put("host","maps.google.com");

JSONObject data;

JSONArray array = new JSONArray();

if (wifi.mac != null && wifi.mac.trim().length() > 0) {

data = new JSONObject();

data.put("mac_address", wifi.mac);

data.put("signal_strength", 8);

data.put("age", 0);

array.put(data);

}

holder.put("wifi_towers", array);

Log.i("TAG","request json:"+ holder.toString());

StringEntity se = new StringEntity(holder.toString());

post.setEntity(se);

HttpResponse resp = client.execute(post);

int state = resp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

if (state == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

HttpEntity entity = resp.getEntity();

if (entity != null) {

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(

new InputStreamReader(entity.getContent()));

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

String resute ="";

while ((resute = br.readLine()) != null) {

sb.append(resute);

}

br.close();

Log.i("TAG","response json:"+ sb.toString());

data = new JSONObject(sb.toString());

data = (JSONObject) data.get("location");

Location loc = new Location(

android.location.LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

loc.setLatitude((Double) data.get("latitude"));

loc.setLongitude((Double) data.get("longitude"));

loc.setAccuracy(Float.parseFloat(data.get("accuracy")

.toString()));

loc.setTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

return loc;

} else {

return null;

}

} else {

Log.v("TAG", state +"");

return null;

}

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.e("TAG", e.getMessage());

return null;

}

}
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