mysql数据库安装

 第一节mysql软件安装
1、检查系统中是否存在旧版本的数据库
rpm -qa |grep -i mysql 
2、卸载旧版本数据库
rpm -e mysql-server-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -e rsyslog-mysql-5.8.10-2.el6.x86_64
rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -e mysql-devel-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -e perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

rpm -e mysql-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -e qt-mysql-4.6.2-24.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -e qt3-MySQL-3.3.8b-30.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql/ 
userdel mysql

groupdel mysql
2、操作系统优化 
vim /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf     
*          soft    nproc     65535
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft core unlimited
* hard core unlimited
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
 
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1    /veris    ext4    noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier   1
2 

#文件系统调度策略使用deadline，如果是SSD或PCIe-SSD设备则使用noop，禁用numa或者使用numa的interleave all 模式numactl –interleave
all 启动mysqld
vim /etc/grub.conf
        module /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg00-lv_root ****** elevator=deadline
numa=off rhgb quiet
#快速替换

sed -i 's/rhgb quiet/elevator=deadline numa=off rhgb quiet/g' /etc/grub.conf

#查看

cat  /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler 

echo 2 > /sys/block/[device]/queue/rq_affinity (CentOS 6.4以上)
echo 0 > /sys/block/[device]/queue/add_random (关闭文件系统barrier)

RAID优化，使用红色选项：

-BBWC  :Battery Backed Write Cache

-WT (Write through),
WB (Write back): Selects write policy.

-NORA (No read ahead), RA (Read ahead), ADRA (Adaptive read ahead): Selects read policy.

-Cached, -Direct: Selects cache policy.

-RW, -RO, Blocked: Selects access policy.

-DisDskCache: Disables disk cache.

-64k  :Strip
Size<
11e1d
/p>

#减少预读:

echo 16 > /sys/block/sdb/queue/read_ahead_kb

#增大队列:
echo 512 > /sys/block/sdb/queue/nr_requests

#运行sync将dirty的内容写回硬盘
$sync
#释放操作系统的cache：

echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 16384 4194304

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304

net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_dsack = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 12000

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 7200

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

kernel.core_pattern = /tmp/core.%h.%e.%p

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# 物理内存除以pagesize即4K(这里是128*1024*1024*1024除以4*1024)

kernel.shmall = 33554432

# 物理内存的一半 ，这里128G的一般64G（64*1024*1024*1024）

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142

kernel.threads-max = 31863

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

net.core.somaxconn = 20480

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1000

vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 1500

vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 200

vm.dirty_background_ratio = 10

vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200

vm.dirty_ratio = 30

vm.swappiness = 0

#确认启用CPU的低功耗(powersave)选项:

$ps ax|grep kondemand|wc -l

65

$cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor

Ondemand

$cat /proc/cpuinfo|grep -Ei "model name|cpu MHz" 

 
3、安装mysql软件到/veris/usr目录下
groupadd mysql

useradd  -g mysql -m -s /bin/bash -c "MySQL Server" -d /veris/mysql mysql
rpm -ivh --relocate /usr=/veris/usr --badreloc --noscripts MySQL-shared-advanced-5.6.14-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh --relocate /usr=/veris/usr --badreloc --noscripts MySQL-devel-advanced-5.6.14-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh --relocate /usr=/veris/usr --badreloc --noscripts MySQL-server-advanced-5.6.14-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh --relocate /usr=/veris/usr --badreloc --noscripts MySQL-client-advanced-5.6.14-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
4、加载mysql环境变量并添加到系统的/root/.bash_profile文件中
export PATH=/veris/usr/bin:/veris/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/veris/usr/lib64:$LD_LIBBRARY_PATH 
5、创建billing数据库目录
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/data
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/etc
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/innodb
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/innodb/log
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/proc
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/audit
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/binlog
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/error
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/general
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/relay
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/slow
mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/3307/tmp
chmod -R 755 /veris/billing
chown -R mysql:mysql /veris/billing/mysql/3307/* 
6、创建my_3307.conf参数文件
[mysqld]

user      = mysql

port      = 3307

basedir   = /veris/usr

datadir   = /veris/billing/mysql/3307/data

socket    = /veris/billing/mysql/3307/proc/mysql_3307.sock

pid-file  = /veris/billing/mysql/3307/proc/mysql_3307.pid

tmpdir    = /veris/billing/mysql/3307/tmp
# Logging

log_bin              =  /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/binlog/master_3307_bin

log-error            =  /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/error/error_3307.log

slow_query_log_file  =  /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/slow/slow_3307.log

general_log_file     =  /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/general/general_3307.log

relay_log            =  /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/relay/relay_3307.log

relay_log_info_file  =  /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/relay/relay_log_3307.info

slow_query_log       =  ON

long_query_time      =  1

#expire_logs_days     =  15

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true

event_scheduler=1
#audit

plugin-dir                = /veris/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin

plugin-load               = audit_log.so

audit_log_file            = /veris/billing/mysql/3307/log/audit/audit_3307.log

audit_log_rotate_on_size  = 419430400

audit_log_flush           = ON

audit_log_policy          = ALL

character-set-server = utf8

init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
open_files_limit     = 65535

max_connections      = 5000

max_user_connections = 5020

autocommit           = 0
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0
skip-name-resolve

max_allowed_packet = 64M
# InnoDB

innodb_buffer_pool_size    = 6G

innodb_file_format         = Barracuda

innodb_flush_method        = O_DIRECT

innodb_thread_concurrency  = 64

innodb_io_capacity         = 200

innodb_io_capacity_max     = 2000

innodb_read_io_threads     = 16

innodb_write_io_threads    = 16

innodb_change_buffering    = inserts

innodb_log_buffer_size     = 64M

innodb_log_file_size       = 1G

innodb_log_group_home_dir  = /veris/billing/mysql/3307/innodb/log

innodb_log_files_in_group  = 3

innodb_data_file_path      = ibdata1:1024M;ibdata2:1024M:autoextend

innodb_open_files          = 65535

innodb_lock_wait_timeout   = 100

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M

# MyISAM

key_buffer_size            = 16M
# Other

query_cache_size           = 16M

tmp_table_size             = 128M

max_heap_table_size        = 64M

thread_cache_size          = 64

bulk_insert_buffer_size    = 8M

max_binlog_cache_size      = 64M

max_binlog_size            = 512M

log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
transaction_isolation = read-committed

binlog_format = row
lower_case_table_names = 1

sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

table_open_cache       = 50000

table_definition_cache = 65535

connect_timeout        = 28800

net_write_timeout      = 300

net_read_timeout       = 300

wait_timeout           = 2592000

interactive_timeout    = 2592000

join_buffer_size     = 512K

sort_buffer_size     = 512K

read_buffer_size     = 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
# repl

server-id=3307

#gtid-mode=on

#enforce-gtid-consistency=true

#log-slave-updates

7、初始化mysql实例/veris/usr/bin/mysql_install_db
--defaults-file=/veris/billing/mysql/3307/etc/my_3307.cnf --basedir=/veris/usr --datadir=/veris/billing/mysql/3307/data --user=mysql
8、启动mysql实例
/veris/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe_ailk --defaults-file=/veris/billing/mysql/3307/etc/my_3307.cnf --ledir=/veris/usr/sbin &
mysqld_safe_ailk 这个文件是针对mysqld_safe文件的补充(修复了mysqld_safe的安全审计功能的一个BUG:原脚本在mysqld异常后重启时不能开启audit功能) 
第二节  mysql用户创建和权限分配
1、创建用户，给予权限
mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3307 
use mysql; 
UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD('xxxxxx') WHERE User='root';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

delete from mysql.user where user='';

commit;
#启停数据库的：pprogmang;

grant process,super,shutdown,show databases on *.* to pprocmang@'%' identified by 'xxxxxx';
#只给业务开放三个用户：例如下面：
#做db变更的用户如：pcrm

 grant ,select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,references,alter,index,create view,show view,alter routine,create routine,execute on push.* to
pcrm@'%' identified by 'xxxxxx' with grant option;

 grant create user on *.* to pcrm@'%';

#业务应用使用的用户权限：boss

 grant select,insert,update,delete on ad.* to boss@'%' identified by 'xxxxxx';

#业务手工连接查询的用户：

grant process,select on *.* to pquery@'%' identified by 'xxxxxx';
第三节服务启停
1、启动服务
export PATH=/veris/usr/bin:/veris/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/veris/usr/lib64:$LD_LIBBRARY_PATH
/veris/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe_ailk --defaults-file=/veris/billing/mysql/3307/etc/my_3307.cnf --ledir=/veris/usr/sbin &
2、关闭服务
export PATH=/veris/usr/bin:/veris/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/veris/usr/lib64:$LD_LIBBRARY_PATH
mysqladmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3307 -uroot -pxxxxxx shutdown
第四节 备份与恢复

1、使用mysqlbackup工具备份（工具从oracle服务后台下载）

mysqlbackup --host=127.0.0.1 --user=root --password=xxxxx --port=3307 --compress-level=1 --with-timestamp   --backup-dir=/verislog/mysqlbackup backup

2、使用mysqlbackup工具恢复

#创建数据目录

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/data

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/etc

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/innodb

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/innodb/log

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/proc

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/log

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/log/audit

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/log/binlog

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/log/error

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/log/general

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/log/relay

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/log/slow

mkdir -p /veris/billing/mysql/5321/tmp

chmod -R 755  /veris/billing

chown -R mysql:mysql /veris/billing/mysql/5321/*

#创建配置文件

vim /veris/billing/mysql/5321/etc/my_5321.cnf

chown -R mysql:mysql /veris/billing/mysql/5321/etc/my_5321.cnf

#一致性恢复

mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/veris/billing/mysql/5321/etc/my_5321.cnf --uncompress --backup-dir=/verislog/2015-01-05_02-01-37/ apply-log

#复制文件到指定的目录

mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/veris/billing/mysql/5321/etc/my_5321.cnf --backup-dir=/verislog/2015-01-05_02-01-37/ copy-back

#修改属性

chown -R mysql:mysql /veris/billing/mysql/5321/*

#启动5321数据库
/veris/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe_ailk --defaults-file=/veris/billing/mysql/5321/etc/my_5321.cnf --ledir=/veris/usr/sbin &

3、使用mysqldump工具备份

#备份全库

mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -uroot  -pxxxxxx -P5320 -R --triggers --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --max-allowed-packet=64M --net_buffer_length=163840  --single-transaction  --flush-logs  --all-databases > billing_db.sql

#备份指定的库

mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -uroot  -pxxxxxx -P5320 -B -R --triggers --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --max-allowed-packet=64M --net_buffer_length=163840  --single-transaction bd > bd.sql

3、使用mysqldump工具恢复

mysql> tee /tmp/recover_5320.log;

mysql> source billing_db.sql;