Aircrack-ng之Airmon-ng命令
2015-08-29 12:52
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描述
airmon-ng用来实现无线接口在managed和monitor模式之间的转换。输入不带参数的airmon-ng命令,则会显示当前的接口状态。用法
airmon-ng <start|stop> <interface> [channel]
或者:
airmon-ng <check|check kill>
其中:
< start|stop >表示开启或者停掉某个接口(强制)
< interface >指定接口(强制)
【channel】将网卡设定到特定的信道(可选)
< check|check kill > “check”会将所有影响到aircrack-ng工作的进程罗列出来,强烈推荐使用aircrack-ng套装的时候停掉这些进程。”check kill”会罗列并杀死影响aircrack-ng的进程。
用法范例
1. 查看各接口的状态:~# airmon-ng PHY Interface Driver Chipset phy0 wlan0 ath9k_htc Atheros Communications, Inc. AR9271 802.11n
2. 检查影响aircrack-ng的进程
当我们将网卡置于monitor模式的时候,会自动地检查影响aircrack-ng的进程。也可以通过以下命令手动检查:
~# airmon-ng check Found 5 processes that could cause trouble. If airodump-ng, aireplay-ng or airtun-ng stops working after a short period of time, you may want to kill (some of) them! PID Name 718 NetworkManager 870 dhclient 1104 avahi-daemon 1105 avahi-daemon 1115 wpa_supplicant
3. 杀死影响aircrack-ng的进程
以下命令会停掉network managers然后杀死所有影响aircrack-ng的进程:
~# airmon-ng check kill Killing these processes: PID Name 870 dhclient 1115 wpa_supplicant
4. 开启monitor模式
在开启monitor模式之前,需要关闭network managers(airmon-ng check kill):
~# airmon-ng start wlan0 Found 5 processes that could cause trouble. If airodump-ng, aireplay-ng or airtun-ng stops working after a short period of time, you may want to kill (some of) them! PID Name 718 NetworkManager 870 dhclient 1104 avahi-daemon 1105 avahi-daemon 1115 wpa_supplicant PHY Interface Driver Chipset phy0 wlan0 ath9k_htc Atheros Communications, Inc. AR9271 802.11n (mac80211 monitor mode vif enabled for [phy0]wlan0 on [phy0]wlan0mon) (mac80211 station mode vif disabled for [phy0]wlan0)
如我们所见,airmon-ng为我们创建了一个新的接口wlan0mon,并且罗列出了一些可能影响aircrack-ng的进程。
5. 关闭monitor模式
~# airmon-ng stop wlan0mon PHY Interface Driver Chipset phy0 wlan0mon ath9k_htc Atheros Communications, Inc. AR9271 802.11n (mac80211 station mode vif enabled on [phy0]wlan0) (mac80211 monitor mode vif disabled for [phy0]wlan0mon)
不要忘了重启network manager,通常使用以下命令即可:
service network-manager start
Madwifi-ng驱动的monitor模式
下面描述了如何将madwifi-ng驱动的网卡置于monitor模式。在开启电脑以后,输入”iwconfig”来显示当前无线接口状态,屏幕会显示:lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions. ath0 IEEE 802.11b ESSID:"" Nickname:"" Mode:Managed Channel:0 Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power:0 dBm Sensitivity=0/3 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0 Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
如果想要使用ath0(已经在使用中),首先:
airmon-ng stop ath0
屏幕会显示:
Interface Chipset Driver wifi0 Atheros madwifi-ng ath0 Atheros madwifi-ng VAP (parent: wifi0) (VAP destroyed)
现在,输入”iwconfig”,屏幕会显示:
lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions.
我们可以看到ath0已经不在了,然后可使用如下命令在ath0上开启monitor模式:
airmon-ng start wifi0
屏幕会显示:
Interface Chipset Driver wifi0 Atheros madwifi-ng ath0 Atheros madwifi-ng VAP (parent: wifi0) (monitor mode enabled)
现在输入”iwconfig”,屏幕会显示:
lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions.
ath0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:""
Mode:Monitor Frequency:2.452 GHz Access Point: 00:0F:B5:88:AC:82
Bit Rate=2 Mb/s Tx-Power:18 dBm Sensitivity=0/3
Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=0/94 Signal level=-96 dBm Noise level=-96 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
我们可以看到现在ath0已经处于monitor模式了。同时要注意essid,nickname,encryption要保持在未设定的状态。接入点显示了网卡的MAC地址(只有在madwifi-ng驱动中才会显示,其他驱动不显示)。如果ath1、ath2等也在运行,在进行上述需要操作之前,需要先停掉它们:
airmon-ng stop ath1
可以通过在命令后加信道数来设定信道:
airmon-ng start wifi0 9
使用贴士
1. 验证网卡处于monitor模式可使用”iwconfig”命令来检验网卡是否处于monitor模式,此时会显示出接口名和所处模式。对于madwifi-ng驱动的网卡,接入点显示的是网卡的MAC地址。
2. 设定当前的信道
可使用”iwlist < interface name> channel”命令来设定当前的信道。如果我们想要工作在特定的接入点上,那么当前的信道就必须和接入点匹配。在这种情况下,最开始运行airmon-ng命令的时候,最好使用设定信道的参数。
3. 带有空格和特殊字符的BSSID
参见这篇文章
4. 怎样将网卡设定回managed模式
这取决于我们使用的是什么样的驱动,对于madwifi-ng外的其他驱动来说:
airmon-ng stop <interface name>
对于madwifi-ng驱动:
airmon-ng stop athX
其中X表示0,1,2等等。对于iwconfig所列出的所有接口,都要使用上述命令来停掉它们,然后:
wlanconfig ath create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode sta
也可以点此处参见madwifi-ng文档。对于mac80211驱动,什么事都不需要做,因为airmon-ng会保留managed模式。如果不再需要monitor模式,停掉它就可以了:
airmon-ng stop monX
其中,X是monitor接口号,一般是0(除非开启了多个monitor模式)。
常见问题及解决方法
一般来讲通常,linux的发行版都会设置有ath0或者更多的athX接口。在我们使用上述命令之前,这些接口都必须被关闭。另一个要主要的是,保证essid,nickname,encryptions没有被设定。
Airmon-ng显示接口不在monitor模式
~# airmon-ng stop wlan0mon PHY Interface Driver Chipset phy0 wlan0mon ath9k_htc Atheros Communications, Inc. AR9271 802.11n You are trying to stop a device that isn't in monitor mode. Doing so is a terrible idea, if you really want to do it then you need to type 'iw wlan2mon del' yourself since it is a terrible idea. Most likely you want to remove an interface called wlan[0-9]mon If you feel you have reached this warning in error, please report it.
最可能的情况是,接口被network namager从monitor模式变到了managed模式。发生这种情况时,表明最开始的时候没有用airmon-ng check kill命令来结束network manager。
网卡已经在monitor模式了,但是却没有显示
同上,这应该是在结束network manager之前,曾尝试将网卡置于monitor模式,然后network manager又改变了网卡的模式。
创建了接口ath1而不是ath0
这是由于madwifi-ng驱动造成的。首先,尝试停掉所有在运行的VAP接口:
airmon-ng stop IFACE
其中IFACE表示接口名称,可以通过iwconfig来查看需要停掉的接口。然后,再使用命令:
airmon-ng start wifi0
如果问题还是没有解决,参见这篇文章。
为什么会有”ioctl(SIOCGIFINDEX)failed”
如果有如下错误信息:
“SIOCSIFFLAGS : No such file or directory”
“ioctl(SIOCGIFINDEX) failed: No such device”
参见这篇文章
错误信息:”wlanconfig: command not found”
如果有类似的错误信息,这说明w系统中没有wlanconfig命令或者不在路径中。如果是前者,那么在编译madwifi-ng驱动之后,要保证使用了make install,ubuntu中使用apt-get install madwifi-tools;如果是后者,需用locate或者find命令来找到该命令所在的文件夹。然后将文件目录添加到路径中。
airmon-ng显示的是RT2500而不是RT73
参见这篇文章
错误信息:”add_iface: Permission denied”
如果错误信息如下:
Interface Chipset Driver wlan0 iwl4965 - [phy0]/usr/sbin/airmon-ng: line 338: /sys/class/ieee80211/phy0/add_iface: Permission denied mon0: unknown interface: No matching device found (monitor mode enabled on mon0)
或者如下:
wlan0 iwlagn - [phy0]/usr/local/sbin/airmon-ng: 856: cannot create /sys/class/ieee80211/phy0/add_iface: Directory nonexistent Error for wireless request "Set Mode" (8B06) : SET failed on device mon0 ; No such device. mon0: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device
这说明airmon-ng的版本比较老旧,更新一下airmon-ng重新尝试。
check kill失败
Distros从现在起正在使用”upstart”来代替/sbin/init ,所以需要手动:
service network-manager stop service avahi-daemon stop service upstart-udev-bridge stop
然后查找并杀死dhclient和wpa_supplicant进程
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Unknown error 132
如果出现如下错误:
# airmon-ng start wlan0 Interface Chipset Driver wlan0 Broadcom b43 - [phy0]SIOCSIFFLAGS: Unknown error 132 (monitor mode enabled on mon0)
这表明RF拥堵了,尝试输入以下命令:
rfkill unblock all
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