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[置顶] Android自定义view(初级篇)

2015-08-28 11:56 555 查看
Q1:为什么要自定义view?
A:由于很多系统自带的view满足不了当前设计需求或者为了达到更良好的用户体验,增加UI的美化效果,就需要自定view
Q2:自定义view有那几个步骤?
A:>用户可根据需要extends View这个父类,然后重写父类的方法;如:onDraw();onMeasure()等;
>如果用户在自定义View事需要添加属性,则必须在values文件夹下新建"attrs.xml"文件,在其中添加自定义属性。
下面来进行自定义view的学习。

一、最基本的自定义view;例如:新建一个类CustomEditText 继承EditText
其特点:拥有EditText的全部方法,就和EditText一模一样,只是名字不同了而已。
使用方法有两种:
>在代码中调用,CustomEditText cet=new CustomEditText(context);
>在xml中调用,需要写全包名及类名,否则会报The following classes could not be found;
关键代码如下:
自定义view:
public class CustomEditText extends EditText {

public CustomEditText(Context context) {
super(context);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

}
xml中使用:
<! -- com.anqiansong.views为CustomEditText所在位置的包名-->
<com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="自定义EditText" />




二、在上面的CustomEditText中重写onDraw()方法实现删除线text效果;
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDraw(canvas);
Paint paint=new Paint();//新建画笔对象
paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);//设置画笔颜色
paint.setAntiAlias(true);//设置是否抗锯齿
paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//设置画笔的粗细
//设置线条的x轴方向的起始点,y轴方向的起始点
canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);
}


三、比如我们现在在xml中使用时添加一个lineColor属性(删除线的颜色),该怎么实现呢?
>首先需要在values下新建attrs.xml文件;
>然后根据需要添加相应的属性及属性所属类型
>使用
关键代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<!--declare-styleable:声明样式类型;attr name=""声明属性名;format="属性的类型"  -->
<declare-styleable name="CustomEditText">
<attr name="lineColor" format="color" />
</declare-styleable>

</resources>
备注:format的属性值见*附录一
在xml中调用:
以下代码必须声明,否则找不到之前定义的属性名,则不能用,可以声明在根布局中,也可以在调用时声明
xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"(如果没有声明,在引用属性时系统也会提示然后根据提示自动生成将是已xmlns:app=.....这种模式)
说明:xmlns:***="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/packagename"
***主要是在调用时需要,如android:textColor="#ffffff";这里的“android”
方式1中的CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"的CustomEditText,方式2中的mylinecolor
而packagename则为当前工程包名
如果这两个不是这种格式,则也引用不了自定义的属性
此外,既然在xml中设置的lineColor的值,在自定义view中的构造方法中就要去获取这个属性的颜色值;如代码:
public class CustomEditText extends EditText {
private int lineColor;//删除线颜色全局变量
public CustomEditText(Context context) {
super(context);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
Paint paint=new Paint();
TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomEditText);
lineColor=array.getColor(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineColor, Color.BLACK);//获取xml中设置的删除线的颜色值,这里的CustomEditText_lineColor是由attrs中的styleable中的名字和属性名加"_"组合而成
array.recycle();
}

public CustomEditText(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDraw(canvas);
Paint paint=new Paint();//新建画笔对象
paint.setColor(lineColor);//设置画笔颜色
paint.setAntiAlias(true);//设置是否抗锯齿
paint.setStrokeWidth(2);//设置画笔的粗细
//设置线条的x轴方向的起始点,y轴方向的起始点
canvas.drawLine(this.getLeft(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, this.getRight(), (this.getBottom()-this.getTop())/2, paint);
}
}

方式1:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:CustomEditText="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >

<com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="自定义EditText"
CustomEditText:lineColor="#ff0000"
/>
</RelativeLayout>

方式2:
<com.anqiansong.views.CustomEditText
xmlns:mylinecolor="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.anqiansong.androidcustomview"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="自定义EditText"
mylinecolor:lineColor="#ff0000"
/>
同样的原理,我们可以对删除线的粗细添加一个属性lineHeight,代码如下:
添加属性:<attr name="lineHeight" format="dimension"/>
引用属性:mylinecolor:lineHeight="5dp"
自定义view中获取lineHeight并设置粗细:lineHeight=array.getDimension(R.styleable.CustomEditText_lineHeight, 2);在ondraw()方法中paint.setStrokeWidth(lineHeight);//设置画笔的粗细



附录一:
附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解(引自:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangs1986/p/3243040.html,作者:欢醉,请尊重原创)
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
/>
2. color:颜色值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<TextView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:textColor = "#00FF00"
/>
3. boolean:布尔值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:focusable = "true"
/>
4. dimension:尺寸值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
/>
5. float:浮点值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<alpha
android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
android:toAlpha = "0.7"
/>
6. integer:整型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
<attr name = "pivotX" />
<attr name = "pivotY" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<animated-rotate
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
android:pivotX = "50%"
android:pivotY = "50%"
android:framesCount = "12"
android:frameDuration = "100"
/>
7. string:字符串。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "MapView">
<attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
/>
8. fraction:百分数。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"
android:pivotX = "200%"
android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"
android:repeatMode = "restart"
android:repeatCount = "infinite"
/>
9. enum:枚举值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="orientation">
<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
<enum name="vertical" value="1" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
>
</LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
<flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
<flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
<flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
<flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
<flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<activity
android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>

</activity>
注意:
属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
/>
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