[设计模式] - 创建型模式

本文按照GOF书中的例子做实验。

创建型模式包含了5种设计模式，书中已创建迷宫的例子讲解了这5个例子，将这5种设计模式都运用到了创建迷宫当中。

这5种创建型模式包含：

　　1. Factory Method（工厂方法）

　　2. Abstract Factory（抽象工厂）

　　3. Builder（建造者）

　　4. Prototype（原型）

　　5. Singleton（单例）

以下是代码部分

//maze.h 这是组件类 包含了门，墙和房间，***，施魔法组件
#ifndef PART_H
#define PART_H

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

enum Direction {North, South , East ,West};
//char c_Direction[4][10] = {"North", "South" , "East" ,"West"};

class MapSite{
public:
    virtual void Enter() = 0;
};

class Room :public MapSite{

public:
    Room(int roomNo){
        _roomNumber = roomNo;

        for(int i=0; i<4; ++i){
            _sides[i] = 0;
        }

        cout << "Room : This Room NO is : " << _roomNumber<< endl;
    }
    ~Room(){
        cout << "Room : ~Room() " << endl;
    }

    MapSite* GetSide (Direction d) const{
        return _sides[d];
        //cout << "Room : This Room Direction is : " << c_Direction[d] << endl;
    }

    void SetSide(Direction d, MapSite* ms){

        if(_sides[d] != 0){
            delete _sides[d];
        }
        _sides[d] = ms;

        //cout << "Room : This Room Direction is : " << c_Direction[d] << endl;
    }

    virtual void Enter(){
        cout << "Room : Enter Room " << endl;
    }

    int RoomNo() const
    {
        return _roomNumber;
    }

private:
    MapSite* _sides[4];
    int _roomNumber;
};

class Wall : public MapSite{

public:
    Wall(){
        cout << "Wall : This is a Wall " << endl;
    }
    ~Wall(){
        cout << "Wall : ~Wall() " << endl;
    }
    virtual void Enter(){
        cout << "Wall : Enter Room " << endl;
    }

};

class Door :public MapSite{

public:
    Door(Room* r1= 0, Room* r2=0){
        _room1 = r1;
        _room2 = r2;
        _isopen = false;
        cout << "Door :This Door is connect r1 and r2  " << endl;
    }
    ~Door(){
        cout << "Door : ~Door() " << endl;
    }
    Room* OtherSideFrom(Room* r){

        if(r == _room1)
            return _room2;
        else if(r = _room2)
            return _room1;
    }
    virtual void Enter(){
        cout << "Door : Enter Room " << endl;
    }

private:
    Room* _room1;
    Room* _room2;
    bool _isopen;
};

class Maze{

public:
    Maze(int xsize=1, int ysize=1){
        if(xsize<=0 || ysize<=0){
            xsize = ysize = 1;
        }
        _xsize = xsize;
        _ysize = ysize;
        _roomList = new Room*[_xsize*_ysize];
        for(int i=0; i<_xsize*_ysize; ++i){
            _roomList[i] = 0;
        }
        cout << "Maze : This is a Maze " << endl;
    }
    ~Maze(){
        cout << "Maze : ~Maze() " << endl;
    }
    void AddRoom(Room* r){
         int rno = r->RoomNo();
        _roomList[rno] = r;
    }

    Room* RoomNo(int rno) const{
        for(int i=0; i<_xsize*_ysize; ++i)
        {
            if(_roomList[rno] == 0)
                continue;
            if(_roomList[rno]->RoomNo() == rno)
                return _roomList[rno];
        }
        return 0;
    }
    int XSize() const
    {
        return _xsize;
    }
    int YSzie() const
    {
        return _ysize;
    }
    int Size() const
    {
        return _xsize*_ysize;
    }

private:
    int _xsize;
    int _ysize;
    Room** _roomList;
    //...
};

//原始方法创建迷宫
//class MazeGame {
//
//public:
//  Maze* CreateMaze(){
//      Maze* aMaze = new Maze;
//      Room* r1 = new Room(1);
//      Room* r2 = new Room(2);
//      Door* theDoor  = new Door(r1,r2);
//
//      aMaze->AddRoom(r1);
//      aMaze->AddRoom(r2);
//
//      r1->SetSide(North, new Wall);
//      r1->SetSide(East, theDoor);
//      r1->SetSide(South, new Wall);
//      r1->SetSide(West, new Wall);
//
//      
//      r2->SetSide(North, new Wall);
//      r2->SetSide(East, new Wall);
//      r2->SetSide(South, new Wall);
//      r2->SetSide(West, theDoor );
//
//      return aMaze;
//  }
//
//};

//施魔法实例类
class Spell{

public:
    Spell(){
        cout <<  "Spell : I am Spell ! " << endl;
    }

    ~Spell(){
        cout <<  "Spell : ~Spell() ! " << endl;
    }
};

class EnchantedRoom : public Room
{
public:
    EnchantedRoom(int roomNo,Spell* spell)
        :Room(roomNo){
        cout << "EnchantedRoom : EnchantedRoom() " << endl;
        _spell = spell;
    }
    ~EnchantedRoom(){
        cout << "EnchantedRoom : ~EnchantedRoom() " << endl;
    }

    virtual void Enter(){

    }

private:
    Spell* _spell;
};

class DoorNeedingSpell:public Door
{
public:
    DoorNeedingSpell(Room* r1, Room* r2):Door(r1, r2){
        cout << "DoorNeedingSpell : DoorNeedingSpell()" <<endl;
    }
    ~DoorNeedingSpell(){
        cout << "DoorNeedingSpell : ~DoorNeedingSpell()" <<endl;
    }
    virtual void Enter(){

    }

};

class RoomWithABomb: public Room
{
public:
    RoomWithABomb(int roomNo):Room(roomNo){
        cout << "RoomWithABomb : RoomWithABomb()" << endl;
    }
    ~RoomWithABomb(){
        cout << "RoomWithABomb : ~RoomWithABomb()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void Enter(){

    }
};

class BombedWall:public Wall
{
public:
    BombedWall(){
        cout << "BombedWall : BombedWall()" << endl;
    }
    ~BombedWall(){
        cout << "BombedWall : ~BombedWall()" << endl;
    }
    virtual void Enter(){

    }

};

#endif

//mazefactory.h  抽象工厂类，其中工厂实现为单例模式
#ifndef MAZEFACTORY_H
#define MAZEFACTORY_H

#include "maze.h"

//抽象工厂方法创建普通迷宫，只有房子和门，墙
class MazeFactory{
public:
    static MazeFactory* Instance();
public:
    virtual Maze* MakeMaze() const{
        return new Maze; 
    }
    virtual Wall* MakeWall() const{
        return new Wall;
    }
    virtual Room* MakeRoom(int n) const{
        return new Room(n); 
    }
    virtual Door* MakeDoor(Room* r1, Room* r2) const{
        return new Door(r1,r2);
    }
protected:   //单例模式
    MazeFactory(){
        cout << "MazeFactory : MazeFactory()" << endl;
    }
    ~MazeFactory(){
        cout << "MazeFactory : ~MazeFactory()" << endl;
    }
private:
    static MazeFactory* _instance;

};

//创建魔法迷宫
class EnchantedMazeFactory : public MazeFactory
{
public:
    EnchantedMazeFactory(){
        cout << "EnchantedMazeFactory : EnchantedMazeFactory()" << endl;
    }
    ~EnchantedMazeFactory(){
        cout << "EnchantedMazeFactory : ~EnchantedMazeFactory()" << endl;
    }

    virtual Room* MakeRoom(int n ) const{
        return new EnchantedRoom(n, CastSpell());
    }

    virtual Door* MakeDoor(Room* r1, Room* r2) const{
        return new DoorNeedingSpell(r1, r2);
    }

protected:
    Spell* CastSpell() const{
        return 0;
    }

};
//创建含有***的迷宫
class BombedMazeFactory : public MazeFactory{

public:
    BombedMazeFactory(){
        cout << "BombedMazeFactory : BombedMazeFactory()" << endl;
    }
    ~BombedMazeFactory(){
        cout << "BombedMazeFactory : ~BombedMazeFactory()" << endl;
    }
    virtual Room* MakeRoom(int rno ) const{
        return new RoomWithABomb(rno);
    }

    virtual Wall* MakeWall() const {
        return new BombedWall();
    }
};

class MazeGame {
public:
    MazeGame(){
        cout << "MazeGame : MazeGame()" << endl;
    }
    ~MazeGame(){
        cout << "MazeGame : ~MazeGame()" << endl;
    }
    Maze* CreateMaze(MazeFactory& factory){
        Maze* aMaze = factory.MakeMaze();
        Room* r1    = factory.MakeRoom(1);
        Room* r2    = factory.MakeRoom(2);
        Door* aDoor = factory.MakeDoor(r1,r2);

        aMaze->AddRoom(r1);
        aMaze->AddRoom(r2);

        r1->SetSide(North, factory.MakeWall());
        r1->SetSide(East,  aDoor);
        r1->SetSide(South, factory.MakeWall());
        r1->SetSide(West,  factory.MakeWall());

        r2->SetSide(North, factory.MakeWall());
        r2->SetSide(East,  factory.MakeWall());
        r2->SetSide(South, factory.MakeWall());
        r2->SetSide(West,  aDoor );

        return aMaze;
    }
};

#endif

/*mazefactory.cpp  抽象工厂的单例实现，由于工厂可以生产3种不同的迷宫，因此根据用户需求，可以分别创建3种不同的迷宫，包括普通迷宫，施加了魔法的迷宫，和含有***的迷宫*/

#include "mazefactory.h"

//MazeFactory Singleton mode
MazeFactory* MazeFactory::_instance = 0;//定义
MazeFactory* MazeFactory::Instance(){
    if(NULL == _instance){
        //const char* mazeStyle = getenv("MAZESTYLE");
        const char* mazeStyle = "bombed";//此处可以修改以使用不同的子类
        if(strcmp(mazeStyle,"bombed") == 0){
            _instance = new BombedMazeFactory;
        }
        else if(strcmp(mazeStyle,"enchanted") == 0){
            _instance = new EnchantedMazeFactory;
        }
        // other possible subclass
        else{
            _instance = new MazeFactory;
        }
    }

    return _instance;
}

//main.cpp 
#include <iostream>
#include "mazefactory.h"

int main()
{
    //原始方法创建迷宫
    //MazeGame* Maze = new MazeGame();
    //Maze->CreateMaze();

    //抽象工厂方法创建迷宫
    //MazeFactory factory;
    //MazeGame* Maze = new MazeGame();
    //Maze->CreateMaze(factory);
    //delete Maze;

    //抽象工厂方法创建含有***的迷宫
    //BombedMazeFactory bombfactory;
    //MazeGame bobgame;
    //bobgame.CreateMaze(bombfactory);

    //抽象工厂方法创建含有魔法的迷宫
    //EnchantedMazeFactory* enchantedfactory = new EnchantedMazeFactory;
    //MazeGame* enchantedgame = new MazeGame;
    //enchantedgame->CreateMaze(*enchantedfactory);
    //delete enchantedfactory;
    //delete enchantedgame;

    //单例创建迷宫 
    MazeFactory* m = MazeFactory::Instance();
    MazeGame SingletonMazeGame;
    SingletonMazeGame.CreateMaze(*m);

    getchar();
    return 0;
}