AIX/SOLARIS/HP-UX/LINUX/FREEBSD比较
2015-08-14 15:27
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© 2000 UNIXguide.net, All Rights Reserved. Hermelito Go (Last Update: Wednesday, 07-Dec-2005 14:11:32 EST )
© 2000 UNIXguide.net, All Rights Reserved. Hermelito Go (Last Update: Wednesday, 07-Dec-2005 14:11:32 EST )
| Directory Mappings | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | SOLARIS | Tru64 |
| Root filesystem | / {/dev/hd4} | / {/dev/ad0s1a} | / {/dev/vg00/lvol1} | / {/dev/sda1} | / {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} | / {/dev/rz0a} |
| Home Directory | /home {/dev/hd1} | /home {/dev/vg00/lvol4} | /export/home /dev/vx/dsk/home} | |||
| /tmp {/dev/hd3} | /tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6} | /tmp /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol} | ||||
| /usr {/dev/hd2} | /usr {/dev/ad0s1f} | /usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7} | /usr | /usr {/dev/rz0g} | ||
| /var {/dev/hd9var} | /var {/dev/ad0s1e} | /var {/dev/vg00/lvol8} | /var | |||
| Sample configuration files | - | /usr/newconfig | ||||
| User Accounts | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | Solaris | Tru64 |
| Password files | /etc/passwd /etc/security/passwd | /etc/passwd /etc/master.passwd | /etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root | /etc/passwd /etc/shadow | /etc/passwd /etc/shadow | /etc/passwd |
| Groups file | /etc/group /etc/security/group | /etc/group | /etc/group /etc/logingroup | /etc/group | /etc/group | /etc/group |
| Maximum # of user ID | 4294967295 | 65535 | 2147483647 | 65535 | 2147483647 | 65535 |
| Allow/Deny remote login | /etc/security/user {rlogin=true} | /etc/ttys {secure} | /etc/securetty {console} | /etc/securetty {ttyp1} | /etc/default/login {CONSOLE=/dev/console} | /etc/securettys {ttyp1} |
| User nobody's id # | 4294967294 | 65534 | -2 | 99 | 60001 & 65534(nobody4) | 65534 |
| Group nobody's id # | 4294967294 | 65534 | -2(nogroup) | 99 | 60002 & 65534(nogroup) | 65534 |
| Recover root password | boot from CD/Tape Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell getrootfs hdisk0 vi /etc/security/passwd | ok boot -s passwd root | >boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS passwd root | {lilo} control-x linux S passwd root {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot passwd root | boot cdrom -s mkdir /tmp/a mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow | press the HALT Button or (Control-P) >>>boot -fl s lsmbstartup /sbin/bcheckrc passwd root |
| Create new user | mkuser | adduser | useradd | useradd | useradd | useradd |
| Delete user | rmuser | rmuser | userdel | userdel | userdel | userdel |
| List users | lsuser -f ALL | logins | logins | |||
| Modify user account | chuser -a | usermod | usermod | usermod | usermod | |
| General Commands | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | Solaris | Tru64 |
| Unique host ID | hostid | uname -i | hostid | hostid | hostid | |
| Administrator | smit | sam | linuxconf | admintool | sysman | |
| Performance monitor | top monitor | top | top glance | top | top | top |
| System activity reporter | sar | sa | sar | sar {sysstat} | sar | /usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar |
| Virtual Memory statistics | vmstat | vmstat | vmstat | vmstat | vmstat | vmstat |
| I/O statistics | iostat | iostat | iostat | iostat {sysstat} | iostat | iostat |
| Error logs | alog -o -t boot errpt | dmesg | dmesg | dmesg | dmesg | uerf -R -o full |
| Physical RAM | 1TB | 4TB | 64 GB {>2.3.24} | 16TB | 4TB | |
| Shared Memory | 2.75GB | 8TB | sysctl kernel.shmmax | |||
| Process Data Space | 2GB | 4GB | 900 MB | |||
| Swap device | /dev/hd6 | /dev/ad0s1b | /dev/vg00/lvol2 | /dev/sda2 | /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol | /dev/rz0b |
| Swap file type | /etc/swapspaces | swap | swap | partition type 82 | swap | raw |
| Display swap size | lsps -a | swapinfo | swapinfo -a | free | swap -l | swapon -s |
| Activate Swap | swapon -a | swapon -a | swapon -a | swapon -a | swap -a | swapon -a |
| Printers | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX | Solaris | Tru64 |
| Printer Queues | /etc/qconfig | /var/spool/print | /etc/lp/interface/* | /var/spool/lpd/lp/* | /etc/lp/interfaces/* | /usr/spool/lpd |
| Stop LP | stopsrc -s lpd | lpshut | /etc/init.d/lpd stop | /usr/lib/lp/lpshut | /sbin/init.d/lpd stop | |
| Start LP | startsrc -s lpd | lpd | lpsched | /etc/init.d/lpd start | /usr/lib/lp/lpsched | /sbin/init.d/lpd start |
| Submit print jobs | enq lp lpr qprt | lp | lp | lpr | lp lpr | lp lpr |
| LP statistics | enq -A lpq lpstat qchk | lpq | lpstat | lpq | lpstat | lpstat |
| Remove print jobs | cancel lprm qcan enq -x | cancel lprm | cancel | lprm | cancel lprm | cancel lprm |
| Add printer queue | smit mkpq | lpadmin -p pq | printtool | lpadmin -p pq | lprsetup | |
| Remove Printer queue | smit rmpq | lpadmin -x pq | lpadmin -x pq | lprsetup | ||
| Make default printer | export LPDEST="pq" | lpadmin -d pq | lpadmin -d pq | export PRINTER="lp" | ||
| TCP/IP | AIX | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | Solaris | Tru64 | |
| Network IP configuration | lsattr -E -l inet0 | /etc/rc.conf | /etc/rc.config.d/netconf | /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ | /etc/hostname.* /etc/inet/* /etc/defaultrouter | /etc/rc.config |
| Hosts IP addresses | /etc/hosts | /etc/hosts | /etc/hosts | /etc/hosts | /etc/inet/hosts | /etc/hosts |
| Name service switch | /etc/netsvc.conf | /etc/host.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf | /etc/svc.conf |
| Network parameters | no -a | sysctl | ndd -h | sysctl -a | grep net | ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ? | |
| Routing daemon | gated | routed | gated | routed | in.routed | routed |
| NIC Configurations | ifconfig -a | ifconfig -a | lanscan -v | ifconfig -a | ifconfig -a | ifconfig -a |
| Secondary IP Address | ifconfig en0 alias IP | ifconfig xl0 alias IP | ifconfig lan0:1 IP | modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 IP | ifconfig hme0:1 IP up | ifconfig ln0 alias |
| Login prompt | HERALD @ /etc/security/login.cfg | telnetd -b /etc/issue | /etc/issue | BANNER @ /etc/default/telnetd | /etc/issue | |
| Increase the # of pseudo-terminals | odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" | odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P reboot | rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=# NSTRPY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n # insf -d ptym -n # insf -d pts -s # -e -v | cd /dev ./MAKEDEV -v pty | {/etc/system} set pt_cnt = # {SYSV} set npty = # {BSD} {/etc/iu.ap} ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat halt boot -r | cd /dev ./MAKEDEV PTY_1 | |
| Maximum # of ptys | 512 | {MAXUSERS} | 256 | 176 {BSD} 3000 {SYSV} | 8192 | |
| Remote Shell | remsh rsh | rsh | remsh | rsh | rsh | rsh |
| YP/NIS service binder | /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind | /usr/sbin/ypbind | /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind | /sbin/ypbind | /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind | /usr/sbin/ypbind |
| System Files | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | Solaris | Tru64 |
| NFS exported | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab | /etc/exports |
| NFS Client mounted directories | /etc/xtab | /etc/xtab | /var/lib/nfs/xtab | /etc/rmtab | /var/adm/mountdtab | |
| Max File System | 128 GB | 128 GB | 2 TB | 1 TB 8000 TB {vxfs} | 128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs} | |
| Max File Size | 64 GB | 128 GB | 2 GB {512B block size} 8192 GB {8KB block size} | 1 TB 2 GB {=<2.5.1} | 128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs} | |
| Max # File Descriptors | 64 K | 60~ K | sysctl fs.file-max | 64 K | 64 K | |
| DISK/LVM Commands | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX:Disk &Filesystem | LINUX(RedHat) | SOLARIS | Tru64 |
| Filesystem table | /etc/filesystems | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/vfstab | /etc/fstab |
| Free disk blocks | df -k | df -k | bdf | df -k | df -k | df -k |
| Device listing | lsdev -C | /sbin/ioscan | cat /proc/devices | sysdef | ||
| Disk information | bootinfo -s hdisk# | fdisk -v ad0 | diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d# | cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model | format -d c#t#d# format>current format>inquiry | file /dev/rrz0c |
| Disk Label | lspv -l hdisk# | disklabel ad0 | pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d# | fdisk -l | prtvtoc | disklabel -p rz0 |
| LVM Concepts | Partition | sub disk | logical extents | logical extents | sub disk | sub disk |
| Volume | Volume | logical volume | logical volume | Volume | Volume | |
| Plex | Plex | Plex | ||||
| Volume group | volume group | volume group | disk group | disk group | ||
| Journal Filesystem type | jfs | vxfs | ext3 reiserfs | vxfs | advfs | |
| Default volume group | /dev/rootvg | /dev/vg00 | /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg | /dev/vol/rootdg | ||
| Display volume group | lsvg -l rootvg | vgdisplay -v vg00 | vgdisplay -v | vxprint -l -g rootdg | volprint -l -g rootdg | |
| Modify physical volume | chpv | pvchange | pvchange | |||
| Prepare physical disk | mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# | pvcreate | pvcreate | vxdiskadd | voldiskadd | |
| List physical volume | lspv | vinum ld | pvdisplay | pvdisplay | vxprint -dl | volprint -dl |
| Remove disk from volume group | reducevg | vgreduce | vgreduce | vxdg rmdisk | voldg rmdisk | |
| Move logical volumes to another physical volumes | migratepv | vinum move -f drive object | pvmove | pvmove | vxassist move | volassist move |
| Create volume group | mkvg | vgcreate | vgcreate | vxdg init | voldg init | |
| Remove volume group | vgremove | vgremove | ||||
| Volume group availability | chvg varyonvg varyoffvg | vgchange | vgchange | |||
| Restore volume group | vgcfgrestore | vgcfgrestore | ||||
| Exports volume group | exportvg | vgexport | vgexport | vxdg deport | voldg deport | |
| Imports volume group | importvg | vgimport | vgimport | vxdg import | voldg import | |
| Volume group listing | lsvg | vgscan | vgscan | |||
| Change logical volume characteristics | chlv | lvchange | lvchange | vxedit set | voledit set | |
| List logical volume | lslv | vinum lv | lvdisplay | lvdisplay | vxprint -vl | volprint -vl |
| Make logical volume | mklv | lvcreate | lvcreate | vxassist make | volassist make | |
| Extend logical volume | extendlv | lvextend | lvextend | vxassist growto | volassist growto | |
| Reduce logical volume | AIX reduce LV | lvreduce | lvreduce | vxassist shrinkto | volassist shrinkto | |
| Remove logical volume | rmlv | vinum rm vol | lvremove | lvremove | vxedit rm | voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1 |
| Prepare boot volumes | bootlist -m normal | lvlnboot | lilo | vxbootsetup | ||
| Remove boot volumes | lvrmboot | |||||
| Extend File system | chfs -a size=# /mt | extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt | resize2fs resize_reiserfs | vxva mkfs -M | ||
| Reduce/Split mirrors | rmlvcopy | lvsplit | lvsplit | |||
| Merge mirrors | lvmerge | lvmerge | ||||
| Create mirrors | mklv -c 2 | vinum mirror drive | lvcreate -m 1 | vxassist mirror | volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true | |
| Add mirrors | mklvcopy lv 2 | lvextend -m 1 | ||||
| Create striped volumes | mklv -u 3 -S 64K | vinum stripe drive | lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 | lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 | vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 | volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe |
| System recovery tape | mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 | /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery | /usr/sys/bin/btcreate | |||
| Backup | savevg -i rootvg | vinum saveconfig | fbackup | tar cvf /dev/rst0 / | ufsdump | vdump |
| Restore | restvg | frecover | tar xvf /dev/rst0 | ufsrestore | vrestore | |
| MISC | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | SOLARIS | Tru64 |
| Startup script | /etc/rc | /etc/rc | /sbin/rc | /etc/rc.d/rc | /etc/init.d | /sbin/init.d |
| Kernel | /usr/lib/boot/unix_up | /kernel | /stand/vmunix | /boot/vmlinuz | /kernel/genunix | /vmunix |
| Kernel Parameters | lsattr -E -l sys0 | sysctl -a | sysdef kmtune kmsystem | sysctl -a | sysdef -i | sysconfig dxkerneltuner |
| Reconfigure the kernel | chdev -l sys0 -a | cd /sys/i386/conf vi KERNEL config KERNEL cd ../../compile/KERNEL make depend make make install | cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system vi system mk_kernel -s system cd /stand mv system system.prev mv vmunix vmunix.prev mv dlkm dlkm.prev mv /stand/build/system system kmupdate /stand/build/vmunix_test | cd /usr/src/linux make mrproper make menuconfig make dep make clean make bzImage make install make modules make modules_install cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16 mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16 vi /etc/lilo.conf lilo | vi /etc/system reboot | doconfig |
| List modules | genkex | kldstat | kmadmin -s | lsmod | modinfo | |
| Load module | kldload | kmadmin -L | insmod | modload | ||
| Unload module | kldunload | kmadmin -U | rmmod | modunload | ||
| Initialize system | install_assist | /stand/sysinstall | set_parms initial | netconf | sys-unconfig | netsetup |
| Physical RAM | bootinfo -r | sysctl hw.physmem | grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log | free | prtconf | uerf | grep memory |
| Kernel Bits | bootinfo -K | getconf KERNEL_BITS | getconf LONG_BIT | isainfo -kv | 64 | |
| Crash utility | crash | crash | adb | lcrash | crash | kdbx |
| Trace System Calls | syscalls | truss | tusc | strace | truss | trace |
| Machine model | uname -m bootinfo -m | uname -m | model uname -m | uname -m | uname -imp | uname -p |
| OS Level | oslevel | uname -r | uname -r | uname -r | uname -r | sizer -v |
| Run Level | who -r | who -r | runlevel | who -r | who -r | |
| Core dump files | /var/adm/ras | /var/adm/crash | /var/crash/`uname -n` | |||
| Boot single user | Key on service mode/F4 Boot from CD/Tape Select Maintenance Limited function Shell | ok boot -s | >boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS | {lilo} control-x linux S {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot | ok boot -s | >>> boot -fl s |
| Maintenance mode | ok boot -as | >boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -lm | ok boot -as | |||
| Interrupt Key | control-B | Stop-A | control-P | |||
| Return to console | co | ok go | ||||
| Timezone Management | /etc/environment /etc/profile | /etc/localtime | /etc/TIMEZONE | /etc/sysconfig/clock | /etc/TIMEZONE /etc/default/init | /etc/svid3_tz timezone |
| NTP Daemon | /etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd | /etc/rc.conf {xntpd_enable="YES"} /etc/rc.network | /etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons /sbin/init.d/xntpd | /etc/ntp.conf /etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd | /etc/inet/ntp.conf /etc/init.d/xntpd | rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES /sbin/init.d/xntpd |
| Software | AIX | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | SOLARIS | Tru64 | |
| Install Software | installp -a | pkg_add | swinstall | rpm -i package | pkgadd | setld -l |
| Uninstall software | installp -u | pkg_delete | swremove | rpm -e package | pkgrm | setld -d |
| List installed software | lslpp -L all | pkg_info -a | swlist | rpm -qa | pkginfo | setld -i |
| Verify installed software | lppchk -v | swlist -l fileset -a state | rpm -V package | pkginfo -i pkginfo -p | setld -v | |
| List all files | lslpp -f fileset | pkg_info -L package | swlist -l file fileset | rpm -ql package | pkgchk -l package | setld -i package |
| List installed patches | instfix -i | swlist -l patch what /stand/vmunix | patchadd -p | dupatch -track -type patch | ||
| Package owner | lslpp -w path | swlist -l file | grep path | rpm -qf file | pkgchk -l -p path | ||
| SW Directory | /usr/lpp | /var/db/pkg | /var/adm/sw/ | /var/lib/rpm | /var/sadm | /var/adm/smlogs |
| Devices | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | SOLARIS | Tru64 |
| Devices | /dev | /dev | /dev | /dev | /devices | /dev |
| Install devices for attached peripherals | cfgmgr -v | /dev/MAKEDEV | insf -e | /dev/MAKEDEV | drvconfig devlinks disks tapes ports | scu scan edt scsimgr -scan_all |
| Remove device | rmdev -l | rmsf | rem_drv | |||
| Device drivers | lscfg | lsdev | prtconf -D | |||
| CPU | lsdev -Cc processor | sysctl hw.model | ioscan -fnC processor | cat /proc/cpuinfo | psrinfo -v | psrinfo -v |
| List Terminal | lsdev -Cc tty | ioscan -fnC tty | pmadm -l | |||
| Diagnostics | diag | pciconf -l | stm | lspci pnpdump | /usr/platform/`uname -m`/ sbin/prtdiag ok test-all /opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts | |
| Whole Disk | /dev/hdisk# | /dev/ad0s1c | /dev/dsk/c#t#d0 | /dev/sda | /dev/c#t#d0s2 | /dev/rz0c |
| CDROM | /dev/cd0 | /dev/acd0c | /dev/dsk/c#t2d0 | /dev/cdrom | /dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 | /dev/rz3c |
| CDROM file type | cdrfs | cd9660 | cdfs | iso9660 | hsfs | cdfs |
| Rewinding tape drive | /dev/rmt0 | /dev/rwt0d | /dev/rmt/0m | /dev/rst0 { c 9 0} | /dev/rmt/0 | /dev/rmt0 |
| Non-rewinding tape drive | /dev/rmt0.1 | /dev/nrwt0d | /dev/rmt/0mn | /dev/nrst0 { c 9 128 } | /dev/rmt/0n | /dev/nrmt0 |
| Floppy drive | /dev/rfd0 | /dev/fd0 | - | /dev/fd0 | /dev/diskette | /dev/fd0c |
| Links | AIX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | LINUX(RedHat) | SOLARIS | Tru64 |
| FAQ | AIX-FAQ | FreeBSD FAQ | HP-UX FAQ | LINUX FAQ | Solaris 2 FAQ | Tru64 FAQ |
| Online Manual | AIX 5.3 Docs | FreeBSD Hand Book | HP-UX Reference Manual | Linux Documentation Project | Solaris 10 Documentation | Tru64 Documents |
| Technical Support | p5 TechSupport | IT Resource Center | Red Hat support | SunSolve | Alpha Systems Support | |
| Phone Number | 1-800-CALL-AIX | 1-800-633-3600 | 1-888-REDHAT1 | 1-800-USA-4SUN | 1-800-474-6836 | |
| Free Software | Public Domain Software Library | FreeBSD Primary Site | HP-UX Ports | Linux Software Map | Sun Freeware | Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware |
| Certification | www.ibm.com | education.hp.com | RHCE | suned.sun.com | ASE Information |
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