OC连载四-----Foundation框架——字典、日期、异常

/*******************NSDictionary************************/

       
//初始化一个字典

       
NSDictionary *dic = [[NSDictionary
alloc]
initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"value",
@"key",
@"value1",
@"key1",
nil];

       
NSLog(@"dic is %@", dic);

       

       
//创建空的字典

       
NSDictionary *nulldic = [NSDictionary
dictionary];

       
NSLog(@"nulldic is %@", nulldic);

       

       
//创建Person对象

       
Person *zhangsan = [[Person
alloc]
init];

        zhangsan.name
=
@"张三";

        zhangsan.age
=
100;

       

       
Person *lisi = [[Person
alloc]
init];

        lisi.name
=
@"李斯";

        lisi.age
=
200;

       

       
Person *wangwu = [[Person
alloc]
init];

        wangwu.name
=
@"王武";

        wangwu.age
=
300;

       

       

       
//创建一个数组

       
NSArray *names =
@[zhangsan, lisi, wangwu];

       
NSDictionary *dic2 = [NSDictionary
dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"v1",
@"k1",
@"v2",
@"k2",
@"v3",
@"k3", names,
@"k4",
nil];

       
NSLog(@"dic2 is %@", dic2);

       

       
//从字典中取值，若key值不存在，则返回null

       
NSString *str1 = [dic2
objectForKey:@"k1"];

       
NSString *str2 = [dic2
objectForKey:@"k2"];

       
NSString *str3 = [dic2
objectForKey:@"k5"];

       
NSLog(@"str1 is %@", str1);

       
NSLog(@"str2 is %@", str2);

       
NSLog(@"str3 is %@", str3);

       

       
//取出字典中的数组的第一个元素的姓名
//        NSArray *arr = [dic2 objectForKey:@"k4"];
//        Person *ps = [arr objectAtIndex:0];

       
//嵌套调用

       
Person *ps = [[dic2
objectForKey:@"k4"]
objectAtIndex:0];

       
NSLog(@"ps name is %@", ps.name);

       

       
//字典中键值对个数

       
NSInteger count = dic2.count;

       
NSLog(@"count is %ld", count);

       

       

       
//取出字典中所有的key

       
NSArray *keys = [dic2
allKeys];

       
NSLog(@"keys is %@", keys);

       

       

       
//取出字典中所有的value

       
NSArray *values = [dic
allValues];

       
NSLog(@"values is %@", values);

       

       

       
//字典的快速创建和取值

       
NSDictionary *dic3 =
@{@"k1":@"v1",@"k2":@"v2",@"k1":@"v1",@"k1":@"v1",};

       
NSString *v1 = dic3[@"k1"];

       
NSLog(@"dic3 is %@", dic3);
       
NSLog(@"v1 is %@", v1);

       
/******************NSMutableDictionary***************************/

       

       
//初始化空的字典

       
NSMutableDictionary *dic1 = [NSMutableDictionary
dictionary];

       

       
//给字典预期的空间

       
NSMutableDictionary *dic2 = [NSMutableDictionary
dictionaryWithCapacity:10];

       

       
//添加元素

        [dic1
setObject:@"v1"
forKey:@"k1"];

        [dic1
setObject:@"v2"
forKey:@"k2"];

        [dic1
setObject:@"v3"
forKey:@"k3"];

        [dic1
setObject:@"v4"
forKey:@"k4"];

       
NSLog(@"dic1 is %@", dic1);

       

       
//设置键值对,若key已存在，则是修改key对应的value，如果不存在，则创建一个新的键值对

        [dic1
setObject:@"v5"
forKey:@"k3"];

       
NSLog(@"dic1 is %@", dic1);

       

       

       
//删除元素

        [dic1
removeObjectForKey:@"k3"];

       
NSLog(@"dic1 is %@", dic1);

       

       
//删除所有元素

        [dic1
removeAllObjects];

       
NSLog(@"dic1 is %@", dic1);

       

       

       
//字典的遍历

       
NSDictionary *dic =
@{@"k1":
@"v1",

                             
@"k2":
@"v2",

                             
@"k3":
@"v3",

                             
@"k4":
@"v4",

                             
@"k5":
@"v5",

                             
@"k6":
@"v6"};

       
NSArray *keys = [dic
allKeys];

       
//遍历字典

       
//普通遍历

       
for (int
i =0; i < dic.count;
i++) {

           
//获取key

           
NSString *key = [keys
objectAtIndex:i];

           
NSString *value = [dic
objectForKey:key];

           
NSLog(@"key:%@------value:%@", key, value);

        }

       

       
//快速遍历

       
for (id
key
in dic) {

           
//循环块

           
id value = [dic
objectForKey:key];

           
NSLog(@"key:%@------value:%@", key, value);
        }

/*******************NSSet******************/

       
//初始化集合

       
//集合中没有重复元素，而且无序

       
NSSet *set = [[NSSet
alloc]
initWithObjects:@"a",
@"b",
@"c",
nil];

       
NSLog(@"set is %@", set);

       

       

       
//类方法初始化

       
NSSet *set1 = [NSSet
setWithObjects:@"1",
@"2",
@"3",
nil];

       
NSLog(@"set1 is %@", set1);

       

       
//获取集合中元素个数

       
NSInteger count = [set1
count];

       
NSLog(@"count is %ld", count);

       

       
//获取集合中所有元素

       
NSArray *arr = set1.allObjects;

       
NSLog(@"arr is %@", arr);

       

       
//获取集合中任意一个元素

       
id value  = [set1
anyObject];

       
NSLog(@"value is %@", value);

       

       

       
//判断集合中是否含有你、某个元素

       
BOOL isTure = [set1
containsObject:@"a"];

       
NSLog(@"isTure is %d", isTure);

       

       

       

       

       
/*******************NSMutableSet******************/

       
//可变集合

       
NSMutableSet *mutableSet = [NSMutableSet
set];

       
NSLog(@"mutableSet is %@", mutableSet);

       
//添加元素

        [mutableSet
addObject:@"s"];

       
NSLog(@"mutableSet is %@", mutableSet);

       

       
//批量添加，通过数组

       
NSArray *arr1 =
@[@"a",
@"x",
@"v",
@"n"];

        [mutableSet
addObjectsFromArray:arr1];

       
NSLog(@"mutableSet is %@", mutableSet);

       

       
//删除元素

        [mutableSet
removeObject:@"x"];

       
NSLog(@"mutableSet is %@", mutableSet);

       

       
//删除所有元素
//        [mutableSet removeAllObjects];
//        NSLog(@"mutableSet is %@", mutableSet);

       

       

       
//集合的遍历

       
//普通遍历,需要将集合转化为数组

       
NSArray *arr2 = [mutableSet
allObjects];

       
for (int
i =
0; i <  mutableSet.count; i++) {

           
NSString *str = arr2[i];

           
//不能直接通过下标取集合的元素，因为集合无序，没有下标

           
NSLog(@"str is %@", str);

           

        }

       

       
NSLog(@"*********************************************************");

       

       
//快速遍历

       
for (id
value
in mutableSet) {

           
NSLog(@"value is %@", value);
        }

/***************NSValue*********************/

       
//NSValue可以包装任意类型

       
//创建一个结构体

       
NSRange range = {1,
5};

       
//将结构体包装成对象

       
NSValue *value = [NSValue
value:&range
withObjCType:@encode(NSRange)];

       
NSLog(@"value is %@", value);

       

       
//还原

       
NSRange newRange;

        [value
getValue:&newRange];

       
NSLog(@"newRange is %@",
NSStringFromRange(newRange));

       

       

       
//NSNull

       
//表示一个空对象

       
NSNull *null = [NSNull
null];

       
NSArray *arr =
@[@"1",
@"3",
@"2",null ,@"3"];
       
NSLog(@"arr is %@", arr);

/****************NSNumber**************************/

       
//封装基本数据类型

       
int intValue =
10;

       
float floatvalue =
3.14;

       
BOOL boolValue =
true;

       

       
NSNumber *intNumber = [[NSNumber
alloc]
initWithInt:intValue];

       
NSLog(@"intNumber is %@", intNumber);

       
NSNumber * floatNumber = [[NSNumber
alloc]
initWithFloat:floatvalue];

       
NSLog(@"floatNumber is %@", floatNumber);

       
NSNumber *boolNumber = [[NSNumber
alloc]
initWithBool:boolValue];

       
NSLog(@"boolNumber is %@", boolNumber);

       

       

       

       
//包装后放入容器中

       
NSArray *arr =
@[intNumber, floatNumber, boolNumber
];

       
NSLog(@"arr is %@", arr);

       

       
//还原为基本数据类型

       
float value1 = [floatNumber
floatValue];

       
NSLog(@"value1 is %.2f", value1);

       
int value2 = [intNumber
intValue];

       
NSLog(@"value2 is %d", value2);

       
int value3 = [boolNumber
boolValue];

       
NSLog(@"value3 is %d", value3);

       

       
//封包

       
NSNumber *intNum =
@100;

       
NSNumber *floatNum =
@9.4;

       
NSNumber *charNum = @'a';

       
NSNumber *valuenum =
@(12
+
45);
       
NSLog(@"valueNum is %@", valuenum);

/******************NSDate********************/

       

       
//获取当前系统时间   
标准时间
GMT
格林尼治时间

       
NSDate *date = [NSDate
date];

       
NSLog(@"date is %@", date);//打印出来是系统当前时间

       

       
NSDate *date1 =[[NSDate
alloc]
init];

       
NSLog(@"date1 is %@", date1);//打印出来是系统当前时间

       

       
//获取时间戳

       
NSTimeInterval time1970 = [date
timeIntervalSince1970];

       
NSLog(@"time1970 is %.2f", time1970);

       

       
//到当前世纪（2001）的时间

       
NSTimeInterval time2001 =[date
timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];

       
NSLog(@"time2001 is %.2f", time2001);

       

       
//到当前的时间

       
NSTimeInterval time = [date
timeIntervalSinceNow];

       
NSLog(@"time is %.2f", time);

       

       
//获取昨天的时间

       
NSTimeInterval second =
24
* 60
*
60;

       
NSDate *yesterdayDate = [[NSDate
alloc]
initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow: -second];

       
NSLog(@"yestodayDate is %@", yesterdayDate);

       

       
//获取明天的时间

       
NSDate *tomorrow = [NSDate
dateWithTimeInterval:second
sinceDate:[NSDate
date]];

       
NSLog(@"tomorrow is %@", tomorrow);

       

       
//获取将来的时间
（最大值）

       
NSDate *future = [NSDate
distantFuture];

       
NSLog(@"future is %@", future);

       

       
//获取古代时间（以前时间）

       
NSDate *before = [NSDate
distantPast];

       
NSLog(@"before is %@", before);

       

       
//日期比较//没什么实际作用
//        BOOL isTure = [date isEqualToDate:date1];
//        NSLog(@"isEqual  is %d", isTure);

       

       

       
//下面这些比较重要

       
//返回两个时间比较早的那个时间

       
NSDate *earlierDate = [tomorrow
earlierDate:yesterdayDate];

       
NSLog(@"earlierDate is %@", earlierDate);

       

       
//返回两个时间比较晚的那个时间

       
NSDate *latterDate = [tomorrow
laterDate:yesterdayDate];

       
NSLog(@"laterDate is %@", latterDate);

       

       

       
//格式化日期类

       
NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter =[[NSDateFormatter
alloc]
init];

        [dateFormatter
setDateFormat:@"yyyy年MM月dd日 
HH小时mm分钟ss秒
ZZZZ"];

       
//将日期按照格式化转化为字符串

       
NSString *str = [dateFormatter
stringFromDate:date];

       
NSLog(@"str is %@", str);

       

       

       
//将字符串格式化为日期

       
NSDate *date3 = [dateFormatter
dateFromString:str];
       
NSLog(@"date3 iis %@", date3);

/*************    try    catch     finally   ************/

       
NSArray *arr =
@[@"a",
@"s",
@"d"];

       
@try {

           
//尝试执行以下代码，看编译器是否会报错

           
NSLog(@"%@", arr[3]);

        }

       
@catch (NSException *exception) {

           
//若捕获到异常，则执行以下代码

           
NSLog(@"exception name is %@ ,reson is %@", exception.name,
exception.reason);

        }

       
@finally {

           
//无论是否捕获到异常，都执行

           
NSLog(@"finally");

        }