阐述H264裸流与TS流之间的关系(一)
2015-07-20 15:33
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H264(ES)如何打包成H264(PES)
一直在网上搜集各种资料,心累啊!下面由九把锁为你们阐述TS和H264之间不为人知的关系,还真是比较复杂。一、总的大致关系图
这个我也不知道是在哪个CSDN高手那弄来的图,帮了我很大的忙,上图时间到:二、如何由ES数据封装成PES数据
1、如何提取一帧ES数据, 就是这么简单,So Easy...#include "stdafx.h" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> typedef struct { int startcodeprefix_len; //! 4 for parameter sets and first slice in picture, 3 for everything else (suggested) unsigned len; //! Length of the NAL unit (Excluding the start code, which does not belong to the NALU) unsigned max_size; //! Nal Unit Buffer size int forbidden_bit; //! should be always FALSE int nal_reference_idc; //! NALU_PRIORITY_xxxx int nal_unit_type; //! NALU_TYPE_xxxx char *buf; //! contains the first byte followed by the EBSP unsigned short lost_packets; //! true, if packet loss is detected } NALU_t; FILE *bits = NULL; //!< the bit stream file static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf);//查找开始字符0x000001 static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf);//查找开始字符0x00000001 //static bool flag = true; static int info2=0, info3=0; NALU_t *AllocNALU(int buffersize) { NALU_t *n; if ((n = (NALU_t*)calloc (1, sizeof (NALU_t))) == NULL) { printf("AllocNALU: n"); exit(0); } n->max_size=buffersize; if ((n->buf = (char*)calloc (buffersize, sizeof (char))) == NULL) { free (n); printf ("AllocNALU: n->buf"); exit(0); } return n; } void FreeNALU(NALU_t *n) { if (n) { if (n->buf) { free(n->buf); n->buf=NULL; } free (n); } } void OpenBitstreamFile (char *fn) { if (NULL == (bits=fopen(fn, "rb"))) { printf("open file error\n"); exit(0); } } int GetAnnexbNALU (NALU_t *nalu) { int pos = 0; int StartCodeFound, rewind; unsigned char *Buf; if ((Buf = (unsigned char*)calloc (nalu->max_size , sizeof(char))) == NULL) printf ("GetAnnexbNALU: Could not allocate Buf memory\n"); nalu->startcodeprefix_len=3;//初始化码流序列的开始字符为3个字节 if (3 != fread (Buf, 1, 3, bits))//从码流中读3个字节 { free(Buf); return 0; } info2 = FindStartCode2 (Buf);//判断是否为0x000001 if(info2 != 1) {//如果不是,再读一个字节 if(1 != fread(Buf+3, 1, 1, bits))//读一个字节 { free(Buf); return 0; } info3 = FindStartCode3 (Buf);//判断是否为0x00000001 if (info3 != 1)//如果不是,返回-1 { free(Buf); return -1; } else {//如果是0x00000001,得到开始字符为4个字节 pos = 4; nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 4; } } else{//如果是0x000001,得到开始字符为3个字节 nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 3; pos = 3; } StartCodeFound = 0;//查找下一个开始字符的标志位 info2 = 0; info3 = 0; while (!StartCodeFound) { if (feof (bits))//判断是否到了文件尾 { nalu->len = (pos-1)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len; memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len); nalu->forbidden_bit = (nalu->buf[0]>>7) & 1; nalu->nal_reference_idc = (nalu->buf[0]>>5) & 3; nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f; free(Buf); return pos-1; } Buf[pos++] = fgetc (bits);//读一个字节到BUF中 info3 = FindStartCode3(&Buf[pos-4]);//判断是否为0x00000001 if(info3 != 1) info2 = FindStartCode2(&Buf[pos-3]);//判断是否为0x000001 StartCodeFound = (info2 == 1 || info3 == 1); } //flag = false; // Here, we have found another start code (and read length of startcode bytes more than we should // have. Hence, go back in the file rewind = (info3 == 1)? -4 : -3; if (0 != fseek (bits, rewind, SEEK_CUR))//把文件指针向后退开始字节的字节数 { free(Buf); printf("GetAnnexbNALU: Cannot fseek in the bit stream file"); } // Here the Start code, the complete NALU, and the next start code is in the Buf. // The size of Buf is pos, pos+rewind are the number of bytes excluding the next // start code, and (pos+rewind)-startcodeprefix_len is the size of the NALU nalu->len = (pos+rewind)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len; memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len); nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //(nalu->buf[0]>>7) & 1; nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; //(nalu->buf[0]>>5) & 3; nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f; /*write by qiuliangbin in 2015-7-18 where is rongle changsha*/ if (nalu->nal_unit_type == 7)//7 序列参数集 8个字节 { printf("\t NALU->RBSP->SPS->profile_idc(8):%d\n",nalu->buf[1]); printf("\t constraint_set0_flag(1):%d\n",(nalu->buf[2]>>7) & 1); printf("\t constraint_set1_flag(1):%d\n",(nalu->buf[2]>>6) & 1); printf("\t constraint_set2_flag(1):%d\n",(nalu->buf[2]>>5) & 1); printf("\t constraint_set3_flag(1):%d\n",(nalu->buf[2]>>4) & 1); printf("\t reserved_zero_4bits(4):%d\n",(nalu->buf[2]>>0) & 0x0f); printf("\t level_idc(8):%d\n",nalu->buf[3]); printf("\t seq_parameter_set_id(UE(V)):uvlC(1):%d\n",(nalu->buf[4]>>7) & 1);//表示往后的数据忽略掉最高位 // 根据profile_idc忽略掉一部分。 printf("\t log2_max_frame_num_minus4(ue(v):len=5,value=%d\n",(nalu->buf[4]>>5) & 0x1f); printf("\t pic_order_cnt_type(ue(v)):len=3,value=%d\n",((nalu->buf[4]) & 0x03)<<1); // 根据pic_order_cnt_type忽略几个参数 printf("\t num_ref_frames(ue):len=3,value=%d\n",(nalu->buf[5]>>4) & 0x07); printf("\t gaps_in_frame_num_value_allowed_flag(1):value=%d\n",(nalu->buf[5]>>3) & 1); printf("\t pic_width_in_mbs_minus1-ue-:len=7 ,value=%d\n", (((nalu->buf[5])&0x07)<<4)| (((nalu->buf[6])>>4)&0x0e) ); printf("\t pic_height_in_map_units_minus1-ue-:len=7 ,value=%d\n",(((nalu->buf[6])&0x0f)<<3) |((((nalu->buf[7])>>5))&0x06) ); printf("\t frame_mbs_only_flag(1):%d\n",(nalu->buf[7]>>4) & 1); //忽略1 printf("\t flag(4):%d\n",(nalu->buf[7]) & 0x0f); } if (nalu->nal_unit_type == 8)//8 图像参数集 4个字节 { /* 68 CE 38 80 00 00 00 01 0110 1000 forbidden_zero_bit(1)= 0 nal_ref_idc(2)= 11 nal_unit_type(5) =01000:pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ),7.3.2.2//8图像参数集 1100 pic_parameter_set_id (ue)=0 seq_parameter_set_id(ue)=0 entropy_coding_mode_flag(1) :0, 重要的flag,0表示编码Exp-Golomb coded and CAVLC,1表示CABAC pic_order_present_flag(1):0 1110 num_slice_groups_minus1(ue):0 忽略 num_ref_idx_l0_active_minus1(ue):0 num_ref_idx_l1_active_minus1(ue):0 weighted_pred_flag(1);0 0011 1000 1000 0000 weighted_bipred_idc(2):00 pic_init_qp_minus26 /* relative to 26 *///(se):0 //pic_init_qs_minus26 /* relative to 26 *///(se):0 /* chroma_qp_index_offset(se):0 deblocking_filter_control_present_flag(1);0 constrained_intra_pred_flag(1):0 redundant_pic_cnt_present_flag(1):0 忽略 NALU结束 */ } if (nalu->nal_unit_type == 5) //5 IDR帧 { } free(Buf); return (pos+rewind);//返回两个开始字符之间间隔的字节数 } void dump(NALU_t *n) { if (!n)return; //printf("a new nal:"); printf(" len: %d ", n->len); printf("nal_unit_type: %x\n", n->nal_unit_type); } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { OpenBitstreamFile("./my.h264"); NALU_t *n; n = AllocNALU(8000000); while(!feof(bits)) { GetAnnexbNALU(n); dump(n); } FreeNALU(n); return 0; } static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf) { if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=1) return 0; //判断是否为0x000001,如果是返回1 else return 1; } static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf) { if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=0 || Buf[3] !=1) return 0;//判断是否为0x00000001,如果是返回1 else return 1; }这是一个纯c语言的例子,应该是很好理解的,不谢!接下来会有更猛的料,尽请期待,觉得不错可以关注下......
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