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SQL语句的语法-Data Definition Statements

2015-07-02 15:14 369 查看

1 Data Definition Statements

1.1 ALTER DATABASE Syntax

ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [[code]db_name

]

alter_specification

...
ALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA}

db_name

UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME

alter_specification

:
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=]

charset_name

| [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=]

collation_name

[/code]

ALTER
DATABASE

SHOW
CHARACTER SET

SHOW
COLLATION

当数据库升级到5.1 版本+

a-b-c

(which
is in the old format) as

#mysql50#a-b-c

ALTER DATABASE `#mysql50#a-b-c` UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME;

After executing this statement, you can refer to the database as

a-b-c

without
the special

#mysql50#

prefix.

1.2 ALTER EVENT Syntax

ALTER
[DEFINER = { [code]user

| CURRENT_USER }]
EVENT

event_name

[ON SCHEDULE

schedule

]
[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]
[RENAME TO

new_event_name

]
[ENABLE | DISABLE | DISABLE ON SLAVE]
[COMMENT '

comment

']
[DO

event_body

][/code]

ALTER
EVENT

mysql> [code]ALTER EVENT no_such_event

ON SCHEDULE

EVERY '2:3' DAY_HOUR;

ERROR 1517 (HY000): Unknown event 'no_such_event'[/code]

CREATE EVENT myevent
ON SCHEDULE
EVERY 6 HOUR
COMMENT 'A sample comment.'
DO
UPDATE myschema.mytable SET mycol = mycol + 1;

ALTER EVENT myevent
ON SCHEDULE
EVERY 12 HOUR
STARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 4 HOUR;

ALTER EVENT myevent
ON SCHEDULE
AT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 1 DAY
DO
TRUNCATE TABLE myschema.mytable;

1.3 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

ALTER LOGFILE GROUP [code]logfile_group

ADD UNDOFILE '

file_name

'
[INITIAL_SIZE [=]

size

]
[WAIT]
ENGINE [=]

engine_name

[/code]

ALTER
LOGFILE GROUP

ALTER LOGFILE GROUP lg_3
ADD UNDOFILE 'undo_10.dat'
INITIAL_SIZE=32M
ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER;

mysql> [code]SELECT FILE_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NUMBER, EXTRA

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES

WHERE LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME = 'lg_3';

1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Syntax

ALTER FUNCTION [code]func_name

[

characteristic

...]

characteristic

:
COMMENT '

string

'
| LANGUAGE SQL
| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }
| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }[/code]

ALTER
FUNCTION

1.5 ALTER PROCEDURE Syntax

ALTER PROCEDURE [code]proc_name

[

characteristic

...]

characteristic

:
COMMENT '

string

'
| LANGUAGE SQL
| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }
| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }[/code]

ALTER
PROCEDURE

1.6 ALTER SERVER Syntax

ALTER SERVER  [code]server_name

OPTIONS (

option

option

] ...)[/code]

ALTER
SERVER

ALTER SERVER s OPTIONS (USER 'sally');

1.7 ALTER TABLE Syntax

ALTER [ONLINE|OFFLINE] [IGNORE] TABLE [code]tbl_name

[

alter_specification

alter_specification

] ...]
[

partition_options

][/code]

ALTER
TABLE

1.7.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations

CREATE TABLE t1 (
id INT,
year_col INT
);

ALTER TABLE t1
PARTITION BY HASH(id)
PARTITIONS 8;

CREATE TABLE t1 (
id INT,
year_col INT
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (year_col) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1991),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1999)
);

ALTER TABLE t1 ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2002));

ALTER TABLE t1 DROP PARTITION p0, p1;

CREATE TABLE t1 (
id INT,
year_col INT
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (year_col) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1991),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1999),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2003),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2007)
);

To delete all rows from partition

p0

, you
can use the following statement:

ALTER TABLE t1 TRUNCATE PARTITION p0;

The statement just shown has the same effect as the following

DELETE

statement:

DELETE FROM t1 WHERE year_col < 1991;

ALTER TABLE t1 TRUNCATE PARTITION p1, p3;

只是删除对应的行，不影响定义

SELECT PARTITION_NAME, TABLE_ROWS
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 't1';

CREATE TABLE t2 (
name VARCHAR (30),
started DATE
)
PARTITION BY HASH( YEAR(started) )
PARTITIONS 6;

ALTER TABLE t2 COALESCE PARTITION 2;

ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p1, ANALYZE PARTITION p2;  #无效

ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p1, CHECK PARTITION p2;  #无效

ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p1, p2;

ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p1;
ALTER TABLE t1 CHECK PARTITION p2;

1.7.2 ALTER TABLE Online Operations in MySQL Cluster

1.7.3 ALTER TABLE Examples

CREATE TABLE t1 (a INTEGER,b CHAR(10));

ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME t2;

ALTER TABLE t2 MODIFY a TINYINT NOT NULL, CHANGE b c CHAR(20);

ALTER TABLE t2 ADD d TIMESTAMP;

To add an index on column

and a

UNIQUE

index
on column

ALTER TABLE t2 ADD INDEX (d), ADD UNIQUE (a);

To remove column

ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN c;

To add a new

AUTO_INCREMENT

integer column
named

ALTER TABLE t2 ADD c INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
ADD PRIMARY KEY (c);

mysql> [code]CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 INT) TABLESPACE ts_1ENGINE NDB;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.27 sec)
[/code]

To convert this table to disk-based storage, you can use the following

ALTER
TABLE

statement:

mysql> [code]ALTER TABLE t1

TABLESPACE ts_1

STORAGE DISK;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.99 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql>

SHOW CREATE TABLE t1\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) /*!50100 TABLESPACE ts_1STORAGE DISK */
ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.01 sec)[/code]

It is not necessary that the tablespace was referenced when the table was originally created; however, the tablespace must be referenced by the

ALTER
TABLE

mysql> [code]CREATE TABLE t2 (c1 INT) ts_1 ENGINE NDB;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.00 sec)

mysql>

ALTER TABLE t2 STORAGE DISK;

ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table 'c.#sql-1750_3' (errno: 140)
mysql>

ALTER TABLE t2 TABLESPACE ts_1STORAGE DISK;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (3.42 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql>

SHOW CREATE TABLE t2\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t2` (
`c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) /*!50100 TABLESPACE ts_1STORAGE DISK */
ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.01 sec)[/code]

1.8 ALTER TABLESPACE Syntax

ALTER TABLESPACE [code]tablespace_name

{ADD|DROP} DATAFILE '

file_name

'
[INITIAL_SIZE [=]

size

]
[WAIT]
ENGINE [=]

engine_name

[/code]

ALTER
TABLESPACE

1.9 ALTER VIEW Syntax

ALTER
[ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}]
[DEFINER = { [code]user

| CURRENT_USER }]
[SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }]
VIEW

view_name

[(

column_list

)]
AS

select_statement

[WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION][/code]

ALTER
VIEW

1.10 CREATE DATABASE Syntax

CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] [code]db_name

[

create_specification

] ...

create_specification

:
[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=]

charset_name

| [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=]

collation_name

[/code]

CREATE
DATABASE

1.11 CREATE EVENT Syntax

CREATE
[DEFINER = { [code]user

| CURRENT_USER }]
EVENT
[IF NOT EXISTS]

event_name

ON SCHEDULE

schedule

[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]
[ENABLE | DISABLE | DISABLE ON SLAVE]
[COMMENT '

comment

']
DO

event_body

;

schedule

:
AT

timestamp

[+ INTERVAL

interval

] ...
| EVERY

interval

[STARTS

timestamp

[+ INTERVAL

interval

] ...]
[ENDS

timestamp

[+ INTERVAL

interval

] ...]

interval

quantity

{YEAR | QUARTER | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE |
WEEK | SECOND | YEAR_MONTH | DAY_HOUR | DAY_MINUTE |
DAY_SECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | MINUTE_SECOND}[/code]

CREATE
EVENT

CREATE EVENT myevent
ON SCHEDULEAT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 1 HOUR
DO
UPDATE myschema.mytable SET mycol = mycol + 1;

AT
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 3 WEEK + INTERVAL 2 DAY

+
INTERVAL '2:10' MINUTE_SECOND

delimiter |

CREATE EVENT e
ON SCHEDULE
EVERY 5 SECOND
DO
BEGIN
DECLARE v INTEGER;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION BEGIN END;

SET v = 0;

WHILE v < 5 DO
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (0);
UPDATE t2 SET s1 = s1 + 1;
SET v = v + 1;
END WHILE;
END |

delimiter ;

CREATE EVENT e_call_myproc
ON SCHEDULE
AT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 1 DAY
DO CALL myproc(5, 27);

1.12 CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
create stored functions and user-defined functions (UDFs):

1.13 CREATE INDEX Syntax

CREATE [ONLINE|OFFLINE] [UNIQUE|FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] INDEX [code]index_name

[

index_type

]
ON

tbl_name

(

index_col_name

,...)
[

index_option

]
[

algorithm_option

lock_option

] ...

index_col_name

col_name

[(

length

)] [ASC | DESC]

index_type

:
USING {BTREE | HASH}

index_option

:
KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=]

value

index_type

| WITH PARSER

parser_name

| COMMENT '

string

algorithm_option

:
ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY}

lock_option

:
LOCK [=] {DEFAULT|NONE|SHARED|EXCLUSIVE}[/code]

CREATE
INDEX

CREATE INDEX part_of_name ON customer (name(10));

1.14 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

CREATE LOGFILE GROUP [code]logfile_group

ADD UNDOFILE '

undo_file

'
[INITIAL_SIZE [=]

initial_size

]
[UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE [=]

undo_buffer_size

]
[REDO_BUFFER_SIZE [=]

redo_buffer_size

]
[NODEGROUP [=]

nodegroup_id

]
[WAIT]
[COMMENT [=]

comment_text

]
ENGINE [=]

engine_name

[/code]

CREATE
LOGFILE GROUP

1.15 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax

CREATE
[DEFINER = { [code]user

| CURRENT_USER }]
PROCEDURE

sp_name

([

proc_parameter

[,...]])
[

characteristic

...]

routine_body

CREATE
[DEFINER = {

user

| CURRENT_USER }]
FUNCTION

sp_name

([

func_parameter

[,...]])
RETURNS

type

[

characteristic

...]

routine_body

proc_parameter

:
[ IN | OUT | INOUT ]

param_name

type

func_parameter

param_name

type

type

Any valid MySQL data type

characteristic

:
COMMENT '

string

'
| LANGUAGE SQL
| [NOT] DETERMINISTIC
| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }
| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }

routine_body

Valid SQL routine statement

[/code]

CREATE
PROCEDURE

and

CREATE
FUNCTION

Routine parameters cannot be referenced in statements prepared within the routine;

1.16 CREATE SERVER Syntax

CREATE SERVER [code]server_name

FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER

wrapper_name

OPTIONS (

option

option

] ...)

option

:
{ HOST

character-literal

| DATABASE

character-literal

| USER

character-literal

| PASSWORD

character-literal

| SOCKET

character-literal

| OWNER

character-literal

| PORT

numeric-literal

}[/code]

CREATE SERVER s
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER mysql
OPTIONS (USER 'Remote', HOST '192.168.1.106', DATABASE 'test');

1.17 CREATE TABLE Syntax

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [code]tbl_name

(

create_definition

,...)
[

table_options

]
[

partition_options

]

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]

tbl_name

[(

create_definition

,...)]
[

table_options

]
[

partition_options

]

select_statement

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]

tbl_name

{ LIKE

old_tbl_name

| (LIKE

old_tbl_name

) }[/code]

CREATE
TABLE

1.17.1 CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Syntax

makes the same checks and does not just copy the

.frm

file.

CREATE TABLE ... LIKE

does
not preserve any

DATA
DIRECTORY

INDEX
DIRECTORY

table options that were specified for the original table, or any foreign key definitions.

1.17.2 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Syntax

mysql> [code]SELECT * FROM foo;

+---+
| n |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+

mysql>

CREATE TABLE bar (m INT) SELECT n FROM foo;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql>

SELECT * FROM bar;

+------+---+
| m | n |
+------+---+
| NULL | 1 |
+------+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)[/code]

列名重复，使用create的列类型

1.17.3 Using FOREIGN KEY Constraints

[CONSTRAINT [[code]symbol

]] FOREIGN KEY
[

index_name

] (

index_col_name

, ...)
REFERENCES

tbl_name

(

index_col_name

,...)
[ON DELETE

reference_option

]
[ON UPDATE

reference_option

]

reference_option

:
RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION[/code]

1.18 CREATE TABLESPACE Syntax

CREATE TABLESPACE [code]tablespace_name

ADD DATAFILE '

file_name

'
USE LOGFILE GROUP

logfile_group

[EXTENT_SIZE [=]

extent_size

]
[INITIAL_SIZE [=]

initial_size

]
[AUTOEXTEND_SIZE [=]

autoextend_size

]
[MAX_SIZE [=]

max_size

]
[NODEGROUP [=]

nodegroup_id

]
[WAIT]
[COMMENT [=]

comment_text

]
ENGINE [=]

engine_name

[/code]

1.19 CREATE TRIGGER Syntax

CREATE
[DEFINER = { [code]user

| CURRENT_USER }]
TRIGGER

trigger_name

trigger_time

trigger_event

tbl_name

FOR EACH ROW

trigger_body

trigger_time

: { BEFORE | AFTER }

trigger_event

: { INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE }[/code]

1.20 CREATE VIEW Syntax

CREATE
[OR REPLACE]
[ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}]
[DEFINER = { [code]user

| CURRENT_USER }]
[SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }]
VIEW

view_name

[(

column_list

)]
AS

select_statement

[WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION][/code]

mysql> [code]CREATE TABLE t (qty INT, price INT);

mysql>

INSERT INTO t VALUES(3, 50);

mysql>

CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT qty, price, qty*price AS value FROM t;

mysql>

SELECT * FROM v;

+------+-------+-------+
| qty | price | value |
+------+-------+-------+
| 3 | 50 | 150 |
+------+-------+-------+[/code]

1.21 DROP DATABASE Syntax

DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] [code]db_name

[/code]

1.22 DROP EVENT Syntax

DROP EVENT [IF EXISTS] [code]event_name

[/code]

1.23 DROP FUNCTION Syntax

1.24 DROP INDEX Syntax

ROP INDEX [ONLINE|OFFLINE] [code]index_name

tbl_name

[

algorithm_option

lock_option

] ...

algorithm_option

:
ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY}

lock_option

:
LOCK [=] {DEFAULT|NONE|SHARED|EXCLUSIVE}[/code]

1.25 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

DROP LOGFILE GROUP [code]logfile_group

ENGINE [=]

engine_name

[/code]

1.26 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax

DROP {PROCEDURE | FUNCTION} [IF EXISTS] [code]sp_name

[/code]

1.27 DROP SERVER Syntax

DROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] [code]server_name

[/code]

1.28 DROP TABLE Syntax

DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS]
[code]tbl_name

tbl_name

] ...
[RESTRICT | CASCADE][/code]

1.29 DROP TABLESPACE Syntax

DROP TABLESPACE [code]tablespace_name

ENGINE [=]

engine_name

[/code]

1.30 DROP TRIGGER Syntax

DROP TRIGGER [IF EXISTS] [[code]schema_name

trigger_name

[/code]

1.31 DROP VIEW Syntax

DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS]
[code]view_name

view_name

] ...
[RESTRICT | CASCADE][/code]

1.32 RENAME TABLE Syntax

RENAME TABLE [code]tbl_name

new_tbl_name

tbl_name2

new_tbl_name2

] ...[/code]

1.33 TRUNCATE TABLE Syntax

TRUNCATE [code]tbl_name[/code]
                                            
                        
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SQL语句的语法-Data Definition Statements

1 Data Definition Statements

1.1 ALTER DATABASE Syntax

1.2 ALTER EVENT Syntax

1.3 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Syntax

1.5 ALTER PROCEDURE Syntax

1.6 ALTER SERVER Syntax

1.7 ALTER TABLE Syntax

1.7.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations

1.7.2 ALTER TABLE Online Operations in MySQL Cluster

1.7.3 ALTER TABLE Examples

1.8 ALTER TABLESPACE Syntax

1.9 ALTER VIEW Syntax

1.10 CREATE DATABASE Syntax

1.11 CREATE EVENT Syntax

1.12 CREATE FUNCTION Syntaxcreate stored functions and user-defined functions (UDFs):

1.13 CREATE INDEX Syntax

1.14 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

1.15 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax

1.16 CREATE SERVER Syntax

1.17 CREATE TABLE Syntax

1.17.1 CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Syntax

1.17.2 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Syntax

1.17.3 Using FOREIGN KEY Constraints

1.18 CREATE TABLESPACE Syntax

1.19 CREATE TRIGGER Syntax

1.20 CREATE VIEW Syntax

1.21 DROP DATABASE Syntax

1.22 DROP EVENT Syntax

1.23 DROP FUNCTION Syntax

1.24 DROP INDEX Syntax

1.25 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Syntax

1.26 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Syntax

1.27 DROP SERVER Syntax

1.28 DROP TABLE Syntax

1.29 DROP TABLESPACE Syntax

1.30 DROP TRIGGER Syntax

1.31 DROP VIEW Syntax

1.32 RENAME TABLE Syntax

1.33 TRUNCATE TABLE Syntax

1.12 CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
create stored functions and user-defined functions (UDFs):