Oracle 11G CRUD操作监控单个表

前言：
线上oracle数据库有张表的数据有些乱，依据应用db的log和应用的log也没有检查出来谁改动了。所以决定把这张单表做个具体的insert、update、delete监控。

一：使用数据库自带的审计功能
1，查看审计功能是否启动
SQL> show parameter audit

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /oracle/app/oracle/admin/power
des/adump
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string NONE
SQL>
没有开启审计功能。须要自己去开启一下。

2，开启审计功能
须要用sysdba，注意audit_trail要为DB_EXTENDED才记录运行的具体语句...
alter system set audit_sys_operations=TRUE scope=spfile;
SQL> alter system set audit_sys_operations=TRUE scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL>

再次查看审计功能是否启动
SQL> show parameter audit;

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest string /oracle/app/oracle/admin/power
des/adump
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
audit_syslog_level string
audit_trail string NONE
SQL>

须要重新启动实例才干看到状态。

3。关闭审计功能
SQL> alter system set audit_trail = none scope=spfile;

4，针对某张表的审计功能
AUDIT UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT ON T_TEST by access;

5。对该张表进行各种DML操作測试


6，查询审计的信息
select EXTENDED_TIMESTAMP,SESSION_ID,SQL_TEXT from DBA_COMMON_AUDIT_TRAIL ORDER BY EXTENDED_TIMESTAMP DESC;

二，採用触发器
看到线上数据库load比曾经添加蛮多的。为了单张表的监控开启审计比較消耗资源。有些不划算。所以能够採用第二种办法来做。就是在表上建立触发器。

1。先建立建立測试表：
查看已经建立的表 aaa_test与trig_sql。
SQL> describe plas.aaa_test;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ID NUMBER
NAME VARCHAR2(100)
LOGIN_TIME DATE

SQL>
SQL> describe plas.trig_sql;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
LT DATE
SID NUMBER
SERIAL# NUMBER
USERNAME VARCHAR2(30)
OSUSER VARCHAR2(64)
MACHINE VARCHAR2(32)
TERMINAL VARCHAR2(16)
PROGRAM VARCHAR2(64)
SQLTEXT VARCHAR2(2000)
STATUS VARCHAR2(30)
CLIENT_IP VARCHAR2(60)

SQL>

2，而且在 trig_sql表上面加入索引：
create index idx_time on plas.trig_sql (LT);

3。建立触发器
create or replace trigger pri_test
after insert or update or delete on plas.aaa_test
DECLARE
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
IF inserting THEN
INSERT INTO plas.trig_sql
select sysdate,s.SID, s.SERIAL#, s.USERNAME, s.OSUSER,
s.MACHINE, s.TERMINAL, s.PROGRAM, q.sql_text line,
'INSERT',
sys_context('userenv','ip_address')
from v$sql q, v$session s
where s.audsid=(select userenv('SESSIONID') from dual)
and s.prev_sql_addr=q.address
AND s.PREV_HASH_VALUE = q.hash_value;
COMMIT;
ELSIF deleting then
INSERT INTO plas.trig_sql
select sysdate,s.SID, s.SERIAL#, s.USERNAME, s.OSUSER,
s.MACHINE, s.TERMINAL, s.PROGRAM, q.sql_text line,
'DELETE',
sys_context('userenv','ip_address')
from v$sql q, v$session s
where s.audsid=(select userenv('SESSIONID') from dual)
and s.prev_sql_addr=q.address
AND s.PREV_HASH_VALUE = q.hash_value;
COMMIT;
ELSIF updating then
INSERT INTO plas.trig_sql
select sysdate,s.SID, s.SERIAL#, s.USERNAME, s.OSUSER,
s.MACHINE, s.TERMINAL, s.PROGRAM, q.sql_text line,
'UPDATE',
sys_context('userenv','ip_address')
from v$sql q, v$session s
where s.audsid=(select userenv('SESSIONID') from dual)
and s.prev_sql_addr=q.address
AND s.PREV_HASH_VALUE = q.hash_value;
COMMIT;
END IF;
END;

4，開始进行数据操作測试：
insert into plas.aaa_test1 select 2,'tom',sysdate from dual;
update plas.aaa_test1 a set a.name='tom_up' where a.id=2;
update plas.aaa_test a set a.name='tom_up1' where a.id=1;
......
commit;

5，去查看表记录，会发现例如以下
SQL> select * from plas.trig_sql;
LT SID SERIAL# USERNAME OSUSER MACHINE TERMINAL PROGRAM SQLTEXT STATUS CLIENT_IP
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
2014/10/29 1273 33297 POWERDESK Administrator WORKGROUP\WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 plsqldev.exe begin :id := sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end; INSERT 192.168.170.180
2014/10/29 1273 33297 POWERDESK Administrator WORKGROUP\WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 plsqldev.exe begin :id := sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end; DELETE 192.168.170.180
2014/10/29 1273 33297 POWERDESK Administrator WORKGROUP\WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 plsqldev.exe begin :id := sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end; INSERT 192.168.170.180
2014/10/29 1352 40155 POWERDESK Administrator WORKGROUP\WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 plsqldev.exe begin :id := sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end; INSERT 192.168.170.180
2014/10/29 1273 33297 POWERDESK Administrator WORKGROUP\WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 plsqldev.exe begin :id := sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end; UPDATE 192.168.170.180
2014/10/29 1273 33297 POWERDESK Administrator WORKGROUP\WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 WIN-18P5Q5AREH9 plsqldev.exe begin :id := sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end; UPDATE 192.168.170.110
2014/10/29 25 39527 SYS oracle localhost.localdomain pts/1 sqlplus@localhost.localdomain (TNS V1-V3) update plas.aaa_test a set a.name='tom_update' where id=2 UPDATE
2014/10/29 25 39527 SYS oracle localhost.localdomain pts/1 sqlplus@localhost.localdomain (TNS V1-V3) update plas.aaa_test a set a.name='tom_update3' where id=3 UPDATE
8 rows selected

SQL>

PS：看到SQLTEXT有些都为 begin :id := sys.dbms_transaction.local_transaction_id; end; 的，是由于我运行的insert、delete、update语句在plsqldev.exe客户端运行的，所以没有记录下运行的sql语句。而有些通过sqlplus@localhost.localdomain (TNS V1-V3)客户端连接运行的，会记录下运行过的update语句。


6。统计下当前都有哪些用户以及ip运行了dml操作。

SQL> select username,client_ip from plas.trig_sql group by username,client_ip;
USERNAME CLIENT_IP
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
PLAS 192.168.170.180
DESKER 192.168.170.110

SQL>


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原博客地址： http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1312184/
原作者：黄杉 (mchdba)


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參考文章： http://blog.csdn.net/edcvf3/article/details/7865688 http://blog.itpub.net/29320885/viewspace-1158915/