使用线程安全的单例模式HttpClient，及HttpClient和Application的融合
2015-06-11 13:12
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简单介绍了HttpClient和Tomcat服务器的交互，主角是HttpClient,然后它跟服务器交互有两种方式即get和post。所以这个HttpClient就类似于电脑上用的浏览器。当我打开多个网页的时候，并不需要开一个网页就开一个浏览器，而是一个浏览器上面开了好几个网页。对应于HttpClient，即无需连接一次就new一个HttpClient。一般，我们希望一个应用里就一个HttpClient就ok了，就像我们的手机或PC，没人会呼呼的装好几个浏览器。本文即解决此问题，代码可以直接拿过去复用。
1、自然而然想到单例。
public class MyHttpClient {
private static HttpClient mHttpClient = null;
private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8;
//将构造函数封掉，只能通过对外接口来获取HttpClient实例
private MyHttpClient(){
}
public static HttpClient getHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient == null){
mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
}
return mHttpClient;
}
}
上面是最简单的一种单例，确实能够满足需要。但不能满足多线程的要求，即当同时完成多个Http请求时，就出马蛋了。
2、线程安全的HttpClient
幸运的是android已经提供了可以创建线程安全的HttpClient，即通过ClientConnectionManager 来完成。下面贴出完整代码：
[java]
view plaincopyprint?
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;">package org.yanzi.webutil; import org.apache.http.HttpVersion; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager; import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams; import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP; public class MyHttpClient { private static HttpClient mHttpClient = null; private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8; //将构造函数封掉，只能通过对外接口来获取HttpClient实例 private MyHttpClient(){ } public static HttpClient getHttpClient(){ if(mHttpClient == null){ mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); } return mHttpClient; } public static synchronized HttpClient getSaveHttpClient(){ if(mHttpClient == null){ HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams(); //设置基本参数 HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1); HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET); HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true); //超时设置 /*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/ ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000); /*连接超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000); /*请求超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000); //设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式 SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry(); schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80)); schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443)); //使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg); mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params); } return mHttpClient; } } </span>
方法getSaveHttpClient()即可获得线程安全的单例httpClient，注释很详细了啥都不说了，可以直接使用。
3、已经很完美了，还能不能再优化呢?
可以使用Application来进一步优化创建HttpClient的时机及其他配置。Application的相关知识参见:链接
新建包名org.yanzi.application，在里面新建MyApplication.java，完整代码如下:
[java]
view plaincopyprint?
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;">package org.yanzi.application; import org.apache.http.HttpVersion; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager; import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams; import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP; import android.app.Application; public class MyApplication extends Application { private HttpClient mHttpClient = null; private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8; @Override public void onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCreate(); mHttpClient = this.createHttpClient(); } @Override public void onTerminate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onTerminate(); this.shutdownHttpClient(); } @Override public void onLowMemory() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onLowMemory(); this.shutdownHttpClient(); } /**创建HttpClient实例 * @return */ private HttpClient createHttpClient(){ HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams(); //设置基本参数 HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1); HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET); HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true); //超时设置 /*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/ ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000); /*连接超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000); /*请求超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000); //设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式 SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry(); schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80)); schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443)); //使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg); HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params); return client; } private void shutdownHttpClient(){ if(mHttpClient != null && mHttpClient.getConnectionManager() != null){ mHttpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown(); } } public HttpClient getHttpClient(){ return mHttpClient; } } </span>
然后再AndroidManifest.xml理添加：
android:name="org.yanzi.application.MyApplication"
[html]
view plaincopyprint?
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;"> <application android:name="org.yanzi.application.MyApplication" android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="org.yanzi.testtomecat.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application></span>
然后再Activity里，通过mMyApplication = (MyApplication)getApplication();
mMyApplication.getHttpClient()得到HttpClient就可以使用了。
可以看到在Application的onCreate里就实例化了HttpClient，且在低内存和关闭时关闭连接管理器，释放资源，比2中的写到一个普通文件里更优。
1、自然而然想到单例。
public class MyHttpClient {
private static HttpClient mHttpClient = null;
private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8;
//将构造函数封掉，只能通过对外接口来获取HttpClient实例
private MyHttpClient(){
}
public static HttpClient getHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient == null){
mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
}
return mHttpClient;
}
}
上面是最简单的一种单例，确实能够满足需要。但不能满足多线程的要求，即当同时完成多个Http请求时，就出马蛋了。
2、线程安全的HttpClient
幸运的是android已经提供了可以创建线程安全的HttpClient，即通过ClientConnectionManager 来完成。下面贴出完整代码：
[java]
view plaincopyprint?
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;">package org.yanzi.webutil; import org.apache.http.HttpVersion; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager; import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams; import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP; public class MyHttpClient { private static HttpClient mHttpClient = null; private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8; //将构造函数封掉，只能通过对外接口来获取HttpClient实例 private MyHttpClient(){ } public static HttpClient getHttpClient(){ if(mHttpClient == null){ mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); } return mHttpClient; } public static synchronized HttpClient getSaveHttpClient(){ if(mHttpClient == null){ HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams(); //设置基本参数 HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1); HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET); HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true); //超时设置 /*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/ ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000); /*连接超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000); /*请求超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000); //设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式 SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry(); schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80)); schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443)); //使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg); mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params); } return mHttpClient; } } </span>
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;">package org.yanzi.webutil;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
public class MyHttpClient {
private static HttpClient mHttpClient = null;
private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8;
//将构造函数封掉，只能通过对外接口来获取HttpClient实例
private MyHttpClient(){
}
public static HttpClient getHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient == null){
mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
}
return mHttpClient;
}
public static synchronized HttpClient getSaveHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient == null){
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
//设置基本参数
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET);
HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);
//超时设置
/*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/
ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000);
/*连接超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000);
/*请求超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
//设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式
SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry();
schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443));
//使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient
ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg);
mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params);
}
return mHttpClient;
}
}
</span>方法getSaveHttpClient()即可获得线程安全的单例httpClient，注释很详细了啥都不说了，可以直接使用。
3、已经很完美了，还能不能再优化呢?
可以使用Application来进一步优化创建HttpClient的时机及其他配置。Application的相关知识参见:链接
新建包名org.yanzi.application，在里面新建MyApplication.java，完整代码如下:
[java]
view plaincopyprint?
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;">package org.yanzi.application; import org.apache.http.HttpVersion; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager; import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams; import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams; import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP; import android.app.Application; public class MyApplication extends Application { private HttpClient mHttpClient = null; private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8; @Override public void onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCreate(); mHttpClient = this.createHttpClient(); } @Override public void onTerminate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onTerminate(); this.shutdownHttpClient(); } @Override public void onLowMemory() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onLowMemory(); this.shutdownHttpClient(); } /**创建HttpClient实例 * @return */ private HttpClient createHttpClient(){ HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams(); //设置基本参数 HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1); HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET); HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true); //超时设置 /*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/ ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000); /*连接超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000); /*请求超时*/ HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000); //设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式 SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry(); schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80)); schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443)); //使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg); HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params); return client; } private void shutdownHttpClient(){ if(mHttpClient != null && mHttpClient.getConnectionManager() != null){ mHttpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown(); } } public HttpClient getHttpClient(){ return mHttpClient; } } </span>
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;">package org.yanzi.application;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import android.app.Application;
public class MyApplication extends Application {
private HttpClient mHttpClient = null;
private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
mHttpClient = this.createHttpClient();
}
@Override
public void onTerminate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onTerminate();
this.shutdownHttpClient();
}
@Override
public void onLowMemory() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onLowMemory();
this.shutdownHttpClient();
}
/**创建HttpClient实例
* @return
*/
private HttpClient createHttpClient(){
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
//设置基本参数
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET);
HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);
//超时设置
/*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/
ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000);
/*连接超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000);
/*请求超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
//设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式
SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry();
schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443));
//使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient
ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg);
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params);
return client;
}
private void shutdownHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient != null && mHttpClient.getConnectionManager() != null){
mHttpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}
public HttpClient getHttpClient(){
return mHttpClient;
}
}
</span>然后再AndroidManifest.xml理添加：
android:name="org.yanzi.application.MyApplication"
[html]
view plaincopyprint?
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;"> <application android:name="org.yanzi.application.MyApplication" android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="org.yanzi.testtomecat.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application></span>
<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS; font-size: 18px;"> <application android:name="org.yanzi.application.MyApplication" android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name="org.yanzi.testtomecat.MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application></span>
然后再Activity里，通过mMyApplication = (MyApplication)getApplication();
mMyApplication.getHttpClient()得到HttpClient就可以使用了。
可以看到在Application的onCreate里就实例化了HttpClient，且在低内存和关闭时关闭连接管理器，释放资源，比2中的写到一个普通文件里更优。
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