国嵌内核驱动进阶班-7-3（阻塞型字符设备驱动)

为什么阻塞？

在阻塞方式下，写没有足够的空间或读时候没有数据。

※ 阻塞方式是文件读写的默认方式。没有空间或者读时没有数据返回错误。

※残留问题：

驱动程序中全局变量 在不同进程间是共享的吗？

阻塞型设备驱动程序

　驱动代码：　

#ifndef _MEMDEV_H_
#define _MEMDEV_H_

#ifndef MEMDEV_MAJOR
#define MEMDEV_MAJOR 0   /*预设的mem的主设备号*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_NR_DEVS
#define MEMDEV_NR_DEVS 2    /*设备数*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_SIZE
#define MEMDEV_SIZE 4096
#endif

/*mem设备描述结构体*/
struct mem_dev
{
char *data;
unsigned long size;
wait_queue_head_t inq;
};

#endif /* _MEMDEV_H_ */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include "memdev.h"

static int mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;
bool have_data = false; /*表明设备有足够数据可供读*/

module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/

struct cdev cdev;

/*文件打开函数*/
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct mem_dev *dev;

/*获取次设备号*/
int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);

if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS)
return -ENODEV;
dev = &mem_devp[num];

/*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
filp->private_data = dev;

return 0;
}

/*文件释放函数*/
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}

/*读函数*/
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p =  *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

/*判断读位置是否有效*/
if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
return 0;
if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

while (!have_data) /* 没有数据可读，考虑为什么不用if，而用while,中断信号唤醒 */
{
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
return -EAGAIN;

wait_event_interruptible(dev->inq,have_data);
}

/*读数据到用户空间*/
if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
{
ret =  - EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;

printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
}

have_data = false; /* 表明不再有数据可读 */
return ret;
}

/*写函数*/
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p =  *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

/*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
return 0;
if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

/*从用户空间写入数据*/
if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
ret =  - EFAULT;
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;

printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
}

have_data = true; /* 有新的数据可读 */

/* 唤醒读进程 */
wake_up(&(dev->inq));

return ret;
}

/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
loff_t newpos;

switch(whence) {
case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
newpos = offset;
break;

case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
break;

case 2: /* SEEK_END */
newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
break;

default: /* can't happen */
return -EINVAL;
}
if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
return -EINVAL;

filp->f_pos = newpos;
return newpos;

}

/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = mem_llseek,
.read = mem_read,
.write = mem_write,
.open = mem_open,
.release = mem_release,
};

/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
static int memdev_init(void)
{
int result;
int i;

dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);

/* 静态申请设备号*/
if (mem_major)
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
else  /* 动态分配设备号 */
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
mem_major = MAJOR(devno);
}

if (result < 0)
return result;

/*初始化cdev结构*/
cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);
cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev.ops = &mem_fops;

/* 注册字符设备 */
cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS);

/* 为设备描述结构分配内存*/
mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!mem_devp)    /*申请失败*/
{
result =  - ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));

/*为设备分配内存*/
for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++)
{
mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE;
mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);

/*初始化等待队列*/
init_waitqueue_head(&(mem_devp[i].inq));
}

return 0;

fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);

return result;
}

/*模块卸载函数*/
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&cdev);   /*注销设备*/
kfree(mem_devp);     /*释放设备结构体内存*/
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/
}

MODULE_AUTHOR("David Xie");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);

ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

obj-m := memdev.o

else

KDIR := /home/rpi/RpiLinux
all:
make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/home/rpi/RpiTools/arm-bcm2708/arm-bcm2708hardfp-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-bcm2708hardfp-linux-gnueabi-

clean:
rm -f *.ko *.o *.mod.o *.mod.c *.symvers  modul*

endif

测试程序：

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
FILE *fp = NULL;
char Buf[128];

/*打开设备文件*/
fp = fopen("/dev/memdev0","r+");
if (fp == NULL)
{
printf("Open Dev memdev0 Error!\n");
return -1;
}

/*写入设备*/
strcpy(Buf,"memdev is char dev!");
printf("Write BUF: %s\n",Buf);
fwrite(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp);

sleep(5);
fclose(fp);

return 0;

}

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
FILE *fp = NULL;
char Buf[128];

/*初始化Buf*/
strcpy(Buf,"memdev is char dev!");
printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);

/*打开设备文件*/
fp = fopen("/dev/memdev0","r+");
if (fp == NULL)
{
printf("Open memdev0 Error!\n");
return -1;
}

/*清除Buf*/
strcpy(Buf,"Buf is NULL!");
printf("Read BUF1: %s\n",Buf);

/*读出数据*/
fread(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp);

/*检测结果*/
printf("Read BUF2: %s\n",Buf);

fclose(fp);

return 0;

}

测试结果：