字符串链式实现

1.头文件HString.h

#pragma once

#include<iostream.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define SIZE 255
typedef struct HString
{
char *ch;
int length;
}HString;

void Show();   //菜单显示
void InitHString(HString *T);//初始化
void StrAssign(HString *T, char *str);//初始化字符串
void PrintString(HString *T); //显示字符串
int Length(HString *S);  //求字符串长度
bool StrEmpty(HString *S);//判空
bool STrFull(HString *S);//判满
void StrCopy(HString *T, HString *S);//复制字符串
void DestroyString(HString *S);  //摧毁字符串
int StrDelete(HString *T, int pos, int len);  //按位置和长度删除字符串
void Replace(HString *T, HString *P, HString *V,int pos);//按位置替换字符串
int Index(HString *T, int pos, HString *P);//按位置匹配字符串
void StrInsert(HString *D, int pos, HString *T);//按位置插入字符串
int SubString(HString *D,HString *S, int pos, int len);//按位置获取字符串
void ClearString(HString *S);   //清理字符串
int StrCompare(HString *T, HString *S);//比较字符串
void StringConcat(HString *T, HString *s1,HString *s2);//链接字符串

2.功能模块HString.cpp

#include"HString.h"

void Show()
{
cout<<"*********************************************"<<endl;
cout<<"*[1]:  初始化字符串        [2]:拷贝字符串   *"<<endl;
cout<<"*[3]:  比较字符串          [4]:求字符串长度 *"<<endl;
cout<<"*[5]:  显示字符串          [6]:清理字符串   *"<<endl;
cout<<"*[7]:  链接字符串          [8]:按位置得子串 *"<<endl;
cout<<"*[9]:  匹配字符串          [10]:替换字符串  *"<<endl;
cout<<"*[11]: 插入字符串          [12]:按位删除    *"<<endl;
cout<<"*[13]: 摧毁字符串          [0]:结束程序     *"<<endl;
cout<<"*********************************************"<<endl;
cout<<"请选择：";
}
int StrDelete(HString *T, int pos, int len)
{
if((pos+len)>T->length)
return -1;
char *ret=T->ch;
int i=0;
while(i<len)//abcdefg
{
ret[pos+i]=ret[i+pos+len];
i++;
}
return 1;
}
void StrInsert(HString *D, int pos, HString *T)
{
if(pos<0)
return;
char *ret=D->ch;
for(int i=D->length;i>pos;i--)
{
ret[i+T->length]=ret[i];
}
while(pos--)
{
ret++;
}

while(*T->ch!='\0')
{
*ret++=*T->ch++;
}
}

void Replace(HString *T, HString *P, HString *V,int pos)//按位置替换字符串,用V字符串去替换
{
int wei=Index(T,pos,P);
if(wei==-1)
{
cout<<"没有找到合适的替换位置"<<endl;
return;
}
char *ret=T->ch;
while(*V->ch!='\0')
{
*ret++=*V->ch++;
}
}

int Index(HString *T, int pos, HString *P)//按位置匹配，P是子串T是父串
{
if(pos+P->length>T->length)
return -1;
int count=pos;
while(count--)
{
T->ch++;
}
char *ret=T->ch;
char *p=P->ch;
int t_size=pos;
int length=T->length-P->length;
while(*p!='\0' && length>=P->length)
{
if(*ret==*p)
{
ret++;
p++;
}
else
{
p=P->ch;
ret=++T->ch;
t_size++;
length--;
}
}
if(length<P->length)
return -1;
else
return t_size;
}

int SubString(HString *D,HString *S, int pos, int len)
{
if(pos+len>S->length)
return -1;
int i=0;
while(i++<pos)
{
S->ch++;
}
char *ret=S->ch;
char *t=D->ch;
while(len--)
{
*t++=*ret++;
}
*t='\0';
return 1;
}
void StringConcat(HString *T, HString *s1,HString *s2)
{
if(((s1->length)+(s2->length))>SIZE)
return;
char *ret=T->ch;
while(*s1->ch!='\0')
{
*ret++=*s1->ch++;
}
while(*s2->ch!='\0')
{
*ret++=*s2->ch++;
}
*ret=*s2->ch;
}
void DestroyString(HString *S)
{
free(S->ch);
S->ch=NULL;
S->length=0;
}
void ClearString(HString *S)
{
*S->ch='\0';
S->length=0;
}
int Length(HString *S)
{
return S->length;
}
int StrCompare(HString *T, HString *S)
{
while(*T->ch==*S->ch)
{
T->ch++;
S->ch++;
}
if(*T->ch>*S->ch)
return 1;
else if(*T->ch<*S->ch)
return -1;
else
return 0;
}

void StrCopy(HString *T, HString *S)
{
if(STrFull(T))
{
cout<<"空间已满"<<endl;
return;
}
char *p=T->ch;
while(*S->ch!='\0')
{
*p++=*S->ch++;
}
*p=*S->ch;
}

void InitHString(HString *T)
{
T->ch=(char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*SIZE);
if(T->ch==NULL)
{
cout<<"开辟内存失败"<<endl;
return;
}
T->length=0;
}

bool StrEmpty(HString *S)
{
return S->length==0;
}
bool STrFull(HString *S)
{
return S->length>=SIZE;
}
void StrAssign(HString *T, char *str)
{
if(STrFull(T))
{
cout<<"内存已满"<<endl;
return;
}
char *Str=T->ch;

while(*str!='\0')
{
*Str++=*str++;
T->length++;
}
*Str=*str;
}

void PrintString(HString *T)
{
char *str=T->ch;
while(*str!='\0')
{
cout<<*str;
str++;
}
cout<<endl;
}

3.主函数main.cpp

#include"HString.h"

void main()
{
char *str="abcdefg";
char *ret="xy";
char *p="ggg";

HString S;
HString TS;
HString RS;

InitHString(&S);
InitHString(&TS);
InitHString(&RS);
int pos=1;
int length=0;
while(pos)
{
Show();
cin>>pos;
switch(pos)
{
case 1:
StrAssign(&S,str);
StrAssign(&TS,ret);
break;
case 2:
StrCopy(&TS,&S);
cout<<"拷贝后的字符串：";
PrintString(&TS);
break;
case 3:
pos=StrCompare(&S,&TS);
cout<<"比较后的值："<<pos<<endl;
break;
case 4:
cout<<"字符串长度："<<Length(&S)<<endl;
break;
case 5:
PrintString(&S);
break;
case 6:
ClearString(&S);
break;
case 7:
StringConcat(&RS,&S,&TS);
cout<<"链接后的字符串："<<RS.ch<<endl;
break;
case 8:
StrAssign(&S,str);
cout<<"请输入位置：";
cin>>pos;
cout<<"输入长度：";
cin>>length;
pos=SubString(&RS,&S,pos,length);
if(pos!=-1)
cout<<"子串："<<RS.ch<<endl;
else
cout<<"输入位置和长度不合理"<<endl;
break;
case 9:
StrAssign(&S,str);
StrAssign(&TS,ret);
cout<<"输入位置：";
cin>>pos;
pos=Index(&S,pos,&TS);
if(pos!=-1)
cout<<"在"<<pos<<"位置匹配成功"<<endl;
else
cout<<"匹配不成功"<<endl;
break;
case 10:
StrAssign(&S,str);
StrAssign(&TS,ret);
StrAssign(&RS,p);
cout<<"输入位置：";
cin>>pos;
Replace(&S,&TS,&RS,pos);
cout<<S.ch<<endl;
break;
case 11:
StrAssign(&S,str);
StrAssign(&TS,ret);
cout<<"输入位置：";
cin>>pos;
StrInsert(&S,pos,&TS);
cout<<S.ch<<endl;
break;
case 12:
StrAssign(&S,str);
cout<<"请输入位置：";
cin>>pos;
cout<<"输入长度：";
cin>>length;
pos=StrDelete(&S,pos,length);
if(pos!=-1)
cout<<S.ch<<endl;
else
cout<<"位置或长度不合适，不能完成删除"<<endl;
break;
case 13:
DestroyString(&S);
cout<<"字符串已被摧毁"<<endl;
break;
//	case 0:  exit(-1);
default:
break;
}
}
}