ios手势操作
2015-05-21 09:13
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一、概述
iPhone中处理触摸屏的操作,在3.2之前是主要使用的是由[b]UIResponder而来的如下4种方式:- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
但是这种方式甄别不同的手势操作实在是麻烦,需要你自己计算做不同的手势分辨。后来。。。
苹果就给出了一个比较简便的方式,就是使用UIGestureRecognizer。
二、UIGestureRecognizer
UIGestureRecognizer基类是一个抽象类,我们主要是使用它的子类(名字包含链接,可以点击跳到ios Developer library,看官方文档):
UITapGestureRecognizer
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
UISwipeGestureRecognizer
UIPanGestureRecognizer
UILongPressGestureRecognizer
从名字上我们就能知道,Tap(点击)、Pinch(捏合)、Rotation(旋转)、Swipe(滑动,快速移动,是用于监测滑动的方向的)、Pan (拖移,慢速移动,是用于监测偏移的量的)以及 LongPress(长按)。
举个例子,可以在viewDidLoad函数里面添加:
[cpp] view
plaincopyprint?
-(void) viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePanFrom:)];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:panRecognizer];//关键语句,给self.view添加一个手势监测;
panRecognizer.maximumNumberOfTouches = 1;
panRecognizer.delegate = self;
[panRecognizer release];
}
其它手势方法类似。
其核心就是设置delegate和在需要手势监测的view上使用addGestureRecognizer添加指定的手势监测。
当然要记得在作为delegate的view的头文件加上<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>。
不过有些手势是关联的,怎么办呢?例如 Tap 与 LongPress、Swipe与 Pan,或是 Tap 一次与Tap 兩次。
手势识别是具有互斥的原则的,比如单击和双击,如果它识别出一种手势,其后的手势将不被识别。所以对于关联手势,要做特殊处理以帮助程序甄别,应该把当前手势归结到哪一类手势里面。
比如,单击和双击并存时,如果不做处理,它就只能发送出单击的消息。为了能够识别出双击手势,就需要做一个特殊处理逻辑,即先判断手势是否是双击,在双击失效的情况下作为单击手势处理。使用
[A requireGestureRecognizerToFail:B]函数,它可以指定当A手势发生时,即便A已经滿足条件了,也不会立刻触发,会等到指定的手势B确定失败之后才触发。
[cpp] view
plaincopyprint?
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
// 单击的 Recognizer
UITapGestureRecognizer* singleRecognizer;
singleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(SingleTap:)];
//点击的次数
singleTapRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 1; // 单击
//给self.view添加一个手势监测;
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleRecognizer];
// 双击的 Recognizer
UITapGestureRecognizer* doubleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(DoubleTap:)];
doubleRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 2; // 双击
//关键语句,给self.view添加一个手势监测;
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleRecognizer];
// 关键在这一行,双击手势确定监测失败才会触发单击手势的相应操作
[singleRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleRecognizer];
[singleRecognizer release];
[doubleRecognizer release];
}
-(void)SingleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)recognizer
{
//处理单击操作
}
-(void)DoubleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)recognizer
{
//处理双击操作
}
三、iphone操作手势的大概种类
1.点击(Tap)点击作为最常用手势,用于按下或选择一个控件或条目(类似于普通的鼠标点击)、
2.拖动(Drag)
拖动用于实现一些页面的滚动,以及对控件的移动功能。
3.滑动(Flick)
滑动用于实现页面的快速滚动和翻页的功能。
4.横扫(Swipe)
横扫手势用于激活列表项的快捷操作菜单
5.双击(Double Tap)
双击放大并居中显示图片,或恢复原大小(如果当前已经放大)。同时,双击能够激活针对文字编辑菜单。
6.放大(Pinch open)
放大手势可以实现以下功能:打开订阅源,打开文章的详情。在照片查看的时候,放大手势也可实现放大图片的功能。
7.缩小(Pinch close)
缩小手势,可以实现与放大手势相反且对应的功能的功能:关闭订阅源退出到首页,关闭文章退出至索引页。在照片查看的时候,缩小手势也可实现缩小图片的功能。
8.长按(Touch &Hold)
在我的订阅页,长按订阅源将自动进入编辑模式,同时选中手指当前按下的订阅源。这时可直接拖动订阅源移动位置。
针对文字长按,将出现放大镜辅助功能。松开后,则出现编辑菜单。
针对图片长按,将出现编辑菜单。
9.摇晃(Shake)
摇晃手势,将出现撤销与重做菜单。主要是针对用户文本输入的。
[/b]
1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍
手势识别在iOS上非常重要,手势操作移动设备的重要特征,极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。iOS系统在3.2以后,为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势,提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类,下面的子类是具体的手势,开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。
UITapGestureRecognizer
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
UISwipeGestureRecognizer
UIPanGestureRecognizer
UILongPressGestureRecognizer
上面的手势对应的操作是:
Tap(点一下)
Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动,平时经常用到的缩放)
Rotation(旋转)
Swipe(滑动,快速移动)
Pan (拖移,慢速移动)
LongPress(长按)
UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下:
2、使用手势的步骤
使用手势很简单,分为两步:创建手势实例。当创建手势时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,回调方法被调用。
添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View,当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会回调方法。
ps:一个手势只能对应一个View,但是一个View可以有多个手势。
建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致你认为手势失效。
3、Pan 拖动手势:
[cpp] viewplaincopy
UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePan:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
新建一个ImageView,然后添加手势
回调方法:
[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
[recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
}
4、Pinch缩放手势
[cpp] viewplaincopy
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePinch:)];<p class="p1">[<span class="s1">snakeImageView</span> <span class="s2">addGestureRecognizer</span>:pinchGestureRecognizer];</p>
[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
recognizer.scale = 1;
}
5、Rotation旋转手势
[cpp] viewplaincopy
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
recognizer.rotation = 0;
}
添加了这几个手势后,运行看效果,程序中的imageView放了一个
/^\/^\
_|__| O|
\/ /~ \_/ \
\____|__________/ \
\_______ \
`\ \ \
| | \
/ / \
/ / \\
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / _----_ \ \
/ / _-~ ~-_ | |
( ( _-~ _--_ ~-_ _/ |
\ ~-____-~ _-~ ~-_ ~-_-~ /
~-_ _-~ ~-_ _-~
~--______-~ ~-___-~
的图片,在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题,估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了,所以操作无效果。
建议在真机上运行这个手势。
在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧:
可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点,按住alt键,按下触摸板(不按下不行),这样就可以旋转和缩放了。
6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势
记住:一个手势只能添加到一个View,两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
[self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];
for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePan:)];
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]
initWithTarget:self
action:@selector(handleRotate:)];
[view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
[view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
[view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
[view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
}
[self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
}
多添加了一条龙的view,两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下:
7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)
如何实现呢?监视手势是否结束
监视触摸的速度
[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,
recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
[recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);
float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);
[UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
} completion:nil];
}
代码实现解析:
计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。
如果速度向量小于200,那就会得到一个小于的小数,那么滑行会很短
基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点
运行后,快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。
8、同时触发两个view的手势
手势之间是互斥的,如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view,那么需要实现协议UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,
[cpp] view
plaincopy
@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
@end
并在协议这个方法里返回YES。
[cpp] view
plaincopy
-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
{
return YES;
}
把self作为代理设置给手势:
[cpp] view
plaincopy
panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。
9、tap点击手势
这里为了方便看到tap的效果,当点击一下屏幕时,播放一个声音。为了播放声音,我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。
[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
NSError * error;
AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
if (!player) {
NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
} else {
[player prepareToPlay];
}
return player;
}
我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码,添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。
[cpp] view
plaincopy
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;
@end
[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
[self.chompPlayer play];
}
运行,点一下某个图,就会播放一个咬东西的声音。
不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷,就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢?使用手势的:requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。
10、手势的依赖性
在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码:[cpp] view
plaincopy
[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
意思就是,当如果pan手势失败,就是没发生拖动,才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动,那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。
11、自定义手势
自定义手势继承:UIGestureRecognizer,实现下面的方法:[cpp] view
plaincopy
– touchesBegan:withEvent:
– touchesMoved:withEvent:
– touchesEnded:withEvent:
- touchesCancelled:withEvent:
新建一个类,继承UIGestureRecognizer,代码如下:
.h文件
[cpp] view
plaincopy
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
typedef enum {
DirectionUnknown = 0,
DirectionLeft,
DirectionRight
} Direction;
@interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
@property (assign) int tickleCount;
@property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
@property (assign) Direction lastDirection;
@end
.m文件
[cpp] view
plaincopy
#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
#define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2
#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25
@implementation HappyGestureRecognizer
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];
}
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
// Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];
CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
Direction curDirection;
if (moveAmt < 0) {
curDirection = DirectionLeft;
} else {
curDirection = DirectionRight;
}
if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;
// 确认方向改变了
if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
(self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||
(self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
// 挠痒次数
self.tickleCount++;
self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
self.lastDirection = curDirection;
// 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数,设置手势为结束状态
// 这样回调函数会被调用。
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
}
}
}
- (void)reset {
self.tickleCount = 0;
self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
[self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
}
}
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self reset];
}
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
[self reset];
}
@end
调用自定义手势和上面一样,回到这样写:
[cpp] view
plaincopy
- (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{
[self.hehePlayer play];
}
手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。
在真机上运行,按住某个view,快速左右拖动,就会发出笑的声音了。
代码解析:
先获取起始坐标:curTickleStart
通过和ticklePoint的x值对比,得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大,如果太则返回。
再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作,如果是则手势结束,回调。
参考:http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more
例子代码:http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059
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