CentOS LAMP环境搭建(基于Apache模块)

所需安装包：httpd-2.4.10.tar.gz、mysql-5.5.40-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz、php-5.4.34.tar.gz

1、安装httpd
# yum install pcre-devel

# tar xf apr-1.5.1.tar.gz
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make
# make install

# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
# make
# make install

# tar xf httpd-2.4.10.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.4.10
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-cgid --enable-modules=most --enable-mods-shared=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
# make
# make install

2、修改httpd配置文件
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
pidfile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
ServerName 192.168.101.168

3、添加服务启动脚本
# vim /etc/init.d/httpd
――――――――――――

#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible \
# server implementing the current HTTP standards.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: httpd
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
# Should-Start: distcache
# Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
# Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server
# implementing the current HTTP standards.
### END INIT INFO

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi

# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}

# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""

# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.

# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}

# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}

# When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
# before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
# httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}

reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=6
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
# Force LSB behaviour from killproc
LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
failure $"httpd shutdown"
fi
fi
echo
}

# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
stop
start
fi
;;
force-reload|reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
RETVAL=2
esac

exit $RETVAL
――――――――――――
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd

# chkconfig --add httpd
# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on

4、修改httpd PATH环境变量
# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin
# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh

5、安装mysql，这里使用官方的通用二进制包
# tar xf mysql-5.5.40-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
# cd /usr/local
# ln -sv mysql-5.5.40-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql

6、创建mysql用户和组
# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
# useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql

7、初始化mysql
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/*
# mkdir -p /data/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
# chmod -R 750 /data/mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/
# chown -R root /usr/local/mysql/*

8、创建mysql服务启动脚本
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld

9、修改mysql配置，启动mysql
# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf
# 在[mysqld]段添加以下两行
datadir = /data/mysql
thread_concurrency = 4
# service mysqld start

10、修改MySQL PATH环境变量
# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

11、输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径
# vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man

12、输出mysql的库文件至系统库查找路径
# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
# ldconfig

13、链接mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include
# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql

14、安装PHP
安装所需依赖包：
mhash-0.9.9.9-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
mhash-devel-0.9.9.9-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.3.x86_64.rpm
libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-9.3.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mhash-0.9.9.9-3.el6.x86_64.rpm mhash-devel-0.9.9.9-3.el6.x86_64.rpm libmcrypt-2.5.8-9.3.x86_64.rpm libmcrypt-devel-2.5.8-9.3.x86_64.rpm

# tar xf php-5.4.34.tar.gz
# cd php-5.4.34
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts
# make
# make test
# make install

注意：
1. 这里为了支持apache的worker或event这两个MPM模块，编译时使用了--enable-maintainer-zts选项；
2. 如果使用PHP5.3以上版本，为了链接MySQL数据库，可以指定mysqlnd，这样在本机就不需要先安装MySQL或MySQL开发包了；
3. mysqlnd从php 5.3开始可用，可以在编译时绑定它（而不用和具体的MySQL客户端库绑定形成依赖，例如MySQL为远程服务器），但从PHP 5.4开始它就是默认设置了。
# ./configure --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd

15、创建php配置文件
# mv /etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini.bak
# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

16、修改httpd支持php，重启httpd
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
# httpd -t;service httpd restart

17、创建index.html主页（注意这里mysql没有配置账号密码）
# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
# vim index.php
<?php
$conn=mysql_connect('localhost','','');
if ($conn)
echo "Success...";
else
echo "Failure...";
phpinfo();
?>
# 浏览器访问：http://192.168.101.168

18、安装php的xcache加速器
# tar xf xcache-3.2.0.tar.gz
# cd xcache-3.2.0
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
# make
# make test
# make install
## /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20100525/ ##

19、整合php和xcache，重启httpd
# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/
# cp -r htdocs /usr/local/apache/htdocs/xcache
# vim /etc/php.d/xcache.ini
extension = xcache.so
xcache.count = 2
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
cache.coredump_directory = "/tmp/phpcore/"
## 其它参数按需修改 ##
# vim /etc/php.ini
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
# httpd -t;service httpd restart

# 浏览器访问：http://192.168.101.168 ;;搜索xcache
# 浏览器访问：http://192.168.101.168/xcache

20、httpd虚拟主机配置示例
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs" ;; 注释此行
Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
# cd /etc/httpd/
# vim extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
――――――――――――
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.test1.com
DocumentRoot "/data/www/test1.com"
<Directory "/data/www/test1.com">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/test1-error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/test1-access_log" combined
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.test2.com
DocumentRoot "/data/www/test2.com"
<Directory "/data/www/test2.com">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/test2-error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/test2-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
――――――――――――
# mkdir -p /data/www/test{1,2}.com
# mkdir -p /var/log/httpd
# httpd -t;service httpd restart
# echo "test1.com" > /data/www/test1.com/index.html
# echo "test2.com" > /data/www/test2.com/index.html
# 浏览器访问：http://www.test1.com、http://www.test2.com

21、启用status查看服务器状态
# mod_status模块可以让管理员查看服务器的执行状态，它通过一个HTML页面展示了当前服务器的统计数据，这些数据通常包括但不限于：

1. 处于工作状态的worker进程数2. 空闲状态的worker进程数3. 每个worker的状态，包括此worker已经响应的请求数，及由此worker发送的内容的字节数4. 当前服务器总共发送的字节数5. 服务器自上次启动或重启以来至当前的时长6. 平均每秒钟响应的请求数、平均每秒钟发送的字节数、平均每个请求所请求内容的字节数

# 启用状态页面，只需要在主配置文件中添加如下内容即可：
<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
Require all granted
</Location>
# 需要注意的是，这里的状态信息不应该被所有人随意访问，因此，应限制仅允许某些特定地址的客户端查看。比如使用Require ip 192.168.101.0/24来限制仅允许指定网段的主机查看此页面。