django学习笔记(4)

Part 4: Forms and generic views

[b]====> Write a simple form[/b]
$ edit polls\templates\polls\detail.html

<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>

{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}

<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" />
<label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br />
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="Vote" />
</form>

$ edit polls\views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

from .models import Choice, Question
# ...
def vote(request, question_id):
p = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
try:
selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
# Redisplay the question voting form.
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
'question': p,
'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
})
else:
selected_choice.votes += 1
selected_choice.save()
# Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
# with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
# user hits the Back button.
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(p.id,)))

$ edit polls\views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render

def results(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})

$ edit polls\templates\polls\results.html

<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>

<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

<a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">Vote again?</a>

[b]====> Use generic views: Less code is better[/b]

$ edit polls\urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
]

$ edit polls\views.py

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.views import generic

from .models import Choice, Question

class IndexView(generic.ListView):
template_name = 'polls/index.html'
context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'

def get_queryset(self):
"""Return the last five published questions."""
return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
model = Question
template_name = 'polls/detail.html'

class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
model = Question
template_name = 'polls/results.html'

def vote(request, question_id):
... # same as above