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Ubuntu 14.04上安装caffe

2015-04-22 09:41 281 查看
== 前言 ==

本教程指导大家如何在Ubuntu 14.04上安装caffe。

== 前期准备 ==

为了安装caffe, 你需要准备如下东西, 1台安装了ubuntu 14.04的电脑, 1块nvidia显卡(当然, 你可以只用cpu跑caffe, 但时间会让你抓狂), cuda安装包。 以上为必备选项。 还有一些可选选项, 大家可以不安装, 但安装他们会提高caffe的性能, 包括intel mkl库(数学运算库, 需注册intel), cudnn(需注册nvidia开发者并通过审核)。

== 安装gcc, g++, gfortran ==

有了这些必须软件之后, 我们就可以一步一步安装caffe了。 不过在那之前, 请先安装c++编译器, ubuntu下一般采用gcc。<br />

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sudo apt-get install build-essential # 安装gcc编译器

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== 安装cuda ==

请参靠网上的文章

== 安装intel mkl(可选) ==

caffe需要用到blas库, 有三个选择都可以满足caffe, 分别是intel mkl, atlas以及openblas。<br />

三者之中, 推荐安装intel mkl, 因为我认为blas的速度中应该是intel mkl最快。<br />

<br />

下载intel mkl去[https://software.intel.com/en-us/qualify-for-free-software/ 这里], 大家选择学生, 然后用邮箱申请一下即可。 intel会给你发一封带有邮箱和验证码的邮件。<br />

<br />

下载好之后, 解压, 然后安装

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sudo sh install_GUI.sh # sudo 会采用root安装, 安装在/opt/intel中

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增加intel的lib路径

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sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/intel_mkl.conf

</syntaxhighlight>

在文件中添加内容

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/opt/intel/lib

/opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64

</syntaxhighlight>

最后使命令生效

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sudo ldconfig

</syntaxhighlight>

== 安装atlas ==

这一步是为了没有安装intel mkl的同学准备的, 如果安装intel mkl, 请跳过。<br />

如果你觉得intel mkl太麻烦了, 你也可以采用简单的做法, 安装atlas。<br />

你只需要敲入一行命令即可。

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sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev

</syntaxhighlight>

== 安装opencv ==

请参靠网上的文章

== 安装其他依赖项 ==

caffe需要一些数据库的操作, 因此需要安装leveldb, lmdb, hdf5等库, 此外, caffe采用了google的一些库, 比如protobuf以及glog, 这些也需要安装。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libboost-all-dev libhdf5-serial-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev protobuf-compiler

</syntaxhighlight>

== 安装python ==

caffe的可视化接口是用python写的, 另外做测试的时候也需要用到python代码。 因此推荐安装。<br />

安装之前, 请参靠网上的文章, 用virtualenv新建一个python环境, 否则可能会搞乱!<br />

<br />

首先, 采用你新建的python环境。 假设你的python环境名就是cp

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">

source path_to_cp/bin/active

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其次, 进入caffe安装目录中的python文件夹, 你会看到一个requirements.txt, 首先, 修改protobuf那一行为<code>protobuf==2.5.0</code>, 然后采用如下命令:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">

for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done

</syntaxhighlight>

可能一次运行有些选项安装时会报错, 不过可以多运行几次命令, 直到所有选项都被安装。<br />

<br />

另注, anaconda包不推荐安装, 因为安装之后进不去桌面。anaconda包只是一个自带了requirements.txt中所有选项的python集合库, 将上面的库安装好之后, 不装anaconda没有任何影响。

== 安装matlab ==

大家下载ubuntu版本的matlab安装即可。

== 更改caffe config==

终于到这一步了。 首先, 复制一份config以防写错。

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cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config

</syntaxhighlight>

其次, 大家可以参考我的配置。

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">

## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!

# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).

# USE_CUDNN := 1

# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).

# CPU_ONLY := 1

# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.

# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++

# CUSTOM_CXX := g++

# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.

CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda

# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via

# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:

# CUDA_DIR := /usr

# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.

# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 lines for compatibility.

CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \

-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \

-gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \

-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \

-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \

-gencode arch=compute_50,code=compute_50

# BLAS choice:

# atlas for ATLAS (default)

# mkl for MKL

# open for OpenBlas

BLAS := mkl

# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.

# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS

# (which should work)!

BLAS_INCLUDE := /opt/intel/mkl/include

BLAS_LIB := /opt/intel/mkl/lib/intel64

# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.

# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.

MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local/MATLAB/R2013a

# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app

# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.

# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.

PYTHON_INCLUDE := /home/wenzheng/caffepython/include/python2.7 \

/home/wenzheng/caffepython/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include

# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:

# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.

# ANACONDA_HOME := /home/wenzheng/anaconda

# PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \

# $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \

# $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include \

# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.

PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

# PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib

# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)

WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

# Whatever else you find you need goes here.

# INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include

# LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib

# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.

# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)

USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1

BUILD_DIR := build

DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute

# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1

# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.

TEST_GPUID := 0

# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)

Q ?= @

</syntaxhighlight>

最后, 大家使用

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">

make all -j20 # 20线程编译

make alltest -j20 # 编译测试

make runtest # 运行测试

make pycaffe # 编译caffe python接口

make matcaffe # 编译 matlab接口

</syntaxhighlight>

== 结束 ==

我写的大部分参考自
http://www.cnblogs.com/platero/p/3993877.html https://wiki.qut.edu.au/display/cyphy/Caffe+Installation+on+Ubuntu+12.04
谢谢大家
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