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ASP.NET Identity系列02，在ASP.NET MVC中增删改查用户

2015-04-21 15:15 671 查看
本篇体验在ASP.NET MVC中使用ASP.NET Identity增删改查用户。源码在这里：https://github.com/darrenji/UseIdentityCRUDUserInMVC在VS2013中创建一个MVC项目，用默认的"无身份验证"作为身份验证机制。通过控制台下载Bootstrap。Install-Package -version 3.0.3 bootstrap下载成功后，在解决方案下的Content和Scripts多了该版本的css和js文件。把创建项目默认HomeController中的所有Action以及/Views/Home下的所有视图删除。热热身先来做一个简单练习。在HomeController中的Index方法中，把一个字典传递给视图。
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
    {
Dictionary<string, object> data = new Dictionary<string, object>();
data.Add("placeholder", "placeholder");
return View(data);
}
}
_Layout.cshtml设置如下：
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>ASP.NET Identity实战</title>
<link href="~/Content/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="~/Content/bootstrap-theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<style>
.container {padding-top:10px;}
.validation-summary-errors{color:red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        @RenderBody()
    </div>
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap")
    @RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
Home/Index.cshtml视图中：
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<div class="panel panel-primary">
    <div class="panel-heading">用户明细</div>
    <table class="table table-striped">
        @foreach (string key in Model.Keys)
    {
            <tr>
                <th>@key</th>
                <td>@Model[key]</td>
            </tr>
}
    </table>
</div>
前期准备分别安装如下组件。Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework –Version 2.0.0Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.OWIN -Version 2.0.0Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb -Version 2.1.0配置Web.config如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
  有关如何配置 ASP.NET 应用程序的详细信息，请访问
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301880
  -->
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="IdentityDb" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=IdentityDb;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=15;Encrypt=False;TrustServerCertificate=False;MultipleActiveResultSets=True"/>
</connectionStrings>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" />
  </appSettings>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
  </system.web>
  <runtime>
    <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-5.0.0.0" newVersion="5.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Optimization" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="1.1.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-3.0.0.0" newVersion="3.0.0.0" />
      </dependentAssembly>
      <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity name="WebGrease" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
        <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-1.5.2.14234" newVersion="1.5.2.14234" />
      </dependentAssembly>
    </assemblyBinding>
  </runtime>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>
以上，● 增加了connectionStrings节点，将自动创建localdb数据库● 在appSettings节点中增加了一个key为owin:AppStartup项，这是确保OWIN运行正常的全局配置在Models文件夹下创建如下类。
    public class AppUser : IdentityUser
{
}
在解决方案下创建Infrastructure文件夹。在Infrastructure文件夹下创建一个上下文类，需要实现IdentityDbContext<>接口。
   public class AppIdentityDbContext : IdentityDbContext<AppUser>
{
        public AppIdentityDbContext()
            : base("IdentityDb")
    {
}
        static AppIdentityDbContext()
    {
            //使用EF Code First第一次创建的时候调用
            Database.SetInitializer<AppIdentityDbContext>(new IdentityDbInit());
}
        public static AppIdentityDbContext Create()
    {
            return new AppIdentityDbContext();
}
}
    //初始化
    public class IdentityDbInit : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<AppIdentityDbContext>
{
        protected override void Seed(AppIdentityDbContext context)
    {
            PerformInitialSetup(context);
            base.Seed(context);
}
        //初始化工作
        public void PerformInitialSetup(AppIdentityDbContext context)
        { }
}
在Infrastructure文件夹下创建一个管理用户的类，需要继承UserManager<AppUser>类。还记得，先前在appSettings节点中配置了一个如下方式：<add key="owin:AppStartup" value="WebApplication4.IdentityConfig" />OWIN需要一个全局启动文件，默认会到项目的顶级命名空间下找IdentityConfig这个类。
那就在App_Start中创建IdentityConfig这个类，这个类在WebApplication4这个命名空间下。
namespace WebApplication4
{
    public class IdentityConfig
{
        public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
    {
            app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppIdentityDbContext>(AppIdentityDbContext.Create);
            app.CreatePerOwinContext<AppUserManager>(AppUserManager.Create);
            app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions {
                AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
                LoginPath = new Microsoft.Owin.PathString("/Account/Login")
    });
}
}
}
显示用户创建AdminController，现在可以向视图传递所有的用户了，编写如下：
    public class AdminController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
    {
            return View(UserManager.Users);
}
        private AppUserManager UserManager
    {
            get
        {
                return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();
}
}
}
再创建Admin/Index.cshtml类型为IEnumerable<AppUser>的强类型视图。
@model IEnumerable<WebApplication4.Models.AppUser>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<div class="panel panel-primary">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        所有用户账户
    </div>
    <table class="table table-striped">
        <tr><th>ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th></th></tr>
        @if (Model.Count() == 0)
    {
            <tr><td colspan="4" class="text-center">还没有创建用户</td></tr>
}
        else
    {
            foreach (WebApplication4.Models.AppUser user in Model)
        {
                <tr>
                    <td>@user.Id</td>
                    <td>@user.UserName</td>
                    <td>@user.Email</td>
                    <td>
                        @using (Html.BeginForm("Delete", "Admin",
                            new { id = user.Id }))
                    {
                            @Html.ActionLink("编辑", "Edit", new { id = user.Id },
                                    new { @class = "btn btn-primary btn-xs" })
                            <button class="btn btn-danger btn-xs"
                                    type="submit">
                                删除
                            </button>
        }
                    </td>
                </tr>
}
}
    </table>
</div>
@Html.ActionLink("创建用户", "Create", null, new { @class = "btn btn-primary" })
创建用户在Models文件夹下创建一个视图模型。
namespace WebApplication4.Models
{
    public class CreateModel
{
        public string Id { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Email { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Password { get; set; }
}
}
在AdminController中添加创建用户相关的方法。
   public class AdminController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
    {
            return View(UserManager.Users);
}
        //创建显示
        public ActionResult Create()
    {
            return View();
}
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model)
    {
            if(ModelState.IsValid)
        {
                var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email};
                IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);
                if(result.Succeeded)
            {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }else{
                    AddErrorsFromResult(result);
}
}
            return View(model);
}
        //创建接收
        private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result)
    {
            foreach(var error in result.Errors)
        {
                ModelState.AddModelError("", error);
}
}
        private AppUserManager UserManager
    {
            get
        {
                return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();
}
}
}
在Admin/Create.cshtml视图页中：
@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Create";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>Create</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <h4>创建用户</h4>
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="创建用户" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}
<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index")
</div>
点击"创建"按钮，创建成功返回显示用户页面。oh, my god,只是配置了一下就有数据了？ 数据在哪呢？点击左上角的"服务器资源管理器"，右键"IdentityDb"，点击"刷新"。再打开AspNetUsers表，刚创建的用户赫然在列。好像还有点欠缺，用户输入密码的时候，总应该有些限制吧。能想到的，ASP.NET Identity都为我们准备好了。有一个PasswordValidator类就是干这个的。在Infrastructure文件夹中创建一个PasswordValidator类的继承子类。
namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure
{
    public class CustomPasswordValidator : PasswordValidator
{
        public override async Task<IdentityResult> ValidateAsync(string pass)
    {
            IdentityResult result = await base.ValidateAsync(pass);
            if (pass.Contains("12345"))
        {
                var errors = result.Errors.ToList();
                errors.Add("密码中包含太多连续数字");
                result = new IdentityResult(errors);
}
            return result;
}
}
}
然后需要把这个规则告诉UserManager。
namespace WebApplication4.Infrastructure
{
    public class AppUserManager : UserManager<AppUser>
{
        public AppUserManager(IUserStore<AppUser> store) : base(store) { }
        public static AppUserManager Create(IdentityFactoryOptions<AppUserManager> options, IOwinContext context)
    {
            //identity ef上下文
            AppIdentityDbContext db = context.Get<AppIdentityDbContext>();
            //与identity ef相关的UserStore
            IUserStore<AppUser> us = new UserStore<AppUser>(db);
            AppUserManager manager = new AppUserManager(us);
            //密码相关
            manager.PasswordValidator = new CustomPasswordValidator {
                RequiredLength = 6,
                RequireNonLetterOrDigit = false,
                RequireDigit = false,
                RequireLowercase = true,
                RequireUppercase = true
    };
            return manager;
}
}
}
再次运行程序，创建用户页面，尝试输入不通过的密码。不过，关于密码的规则，似乎可以在View Model的验证层面就可以解决掉。编辑和删除用户在AdminController中增加编辑和删除的部分。
    public class AdminController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
    {
            return View(UserManager.Users);
}
        //创建显示
        public ActionResult Create()
    {
            return View();
}
        //创建接收
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Create(CreateModel model)
    {
            if(ModelState.IsValid)
        {
                var user = new AppUser{UserName = model.Name, Email = model.Email};
                IdentityResult result = await UserManager.CreateAsync(user, model.Password);
                if(result.Succeeded)
            {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }else{
                    AddErrorsFromResult(result);
}
}
            return View(model);
}
        //编辑显示
        public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(string id)
    {
            AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
            if(User != null)
        {
                CreateModel createModel = new CreateModel();
                createModel.Id = user.Id;
                createModel.Email = user.Email;
                createModel.Name = user.UserName;
                createModel.Password = user.PasswordHash;
                return View(createModel);
}
            else
        {
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
}
        //接收编辑
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(CreateModel createModel)
    {
            if(ModelState.IsValid)
        {
                AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(createModel.Id);
                if (user != null)
            {
                    //关于邮箱
                    user.Email = createModel.Email;
                    IdentityResult validEmail = await UserManager.UserValidator.ValidateAsync(user);
                    if (!validEmail.Succeeded)
                {
                        AddErrorsFromResult(validEmail);
    }
                    user.UserName = createModel.Name;
                    //关于密码
                    IdentityResult validPass = null;
                    if (createModel.Password != string.Empty)
                {
                        validPass = await UserManager.PasswordValidator.ValidateAsync(createModel.Password);
                        if (validPass.Succeeded)
                    {
                            user.PasswordHash = UserManager.PasswordHasher.HashPassword(createModel.Password);
        }
                        else
                    {
                            AddErrorsFromResult(validPass);
        }
    }
                    user.Email = createModel.Email;
                    //验证结果
                    if ((validEmail.Succeeded && validPass == null) || (validEmail.Succeeded
    && createModel.Password != string.Empty && validPass.Succeeded))
                {
                        IdentityResult result = await UserManager.UpdateAsync(user);
                        if (result.Succeeded)
                    {
                            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
                        else
                    {
                            AddErrorsFromResult(result);
        }
    }
                    else
                {
                        ModelState.AddModelError("", "无此用户");
    }
}
                return View(createModel);
}
            else
        {
                return View(createModel);
}
}
        //删除
        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(string id)
    {
            AppUser user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
            if(user != null)
        {
                IdentityResult result = await UserManager.DeleteAsync(user);
                if(result.Succeeded)
            {
                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
                else
            {
                    return View("Error", result.Errors);
}
}
            else
        {
                return View("Error", new string[] { "没有此用户" });
}
}
        private void AddErrorsFromResult(IdentityResult result)
    {
            foreach(var error in result.Errors)
        {
                ModelState.AddModelError("", error);
}
}
        private AppUserManager UserManager
    {
            get
        {
                return HttpContext.GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<AppUserManager>();
}
}
}
Admin/Edit.cshtml视图。
@model WebApplication4.Models.CreateModel
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h2>Edit</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Password)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="保存" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}
<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("返回", "Index")
</div>
另外，如果删除失败，跳转到Shared/Error.cshtml视图页。
@model IEnumerable<string>
@{ ViewBag.Title = "Error";}
<div class="alert alert-danger">
    @switch (Model.Count())
{
        case 0:
            @: Something went wrong. Please try again
            break;
        case 1:
        @Model.First();
                          break;
        default:
        @: 发现如下错误:
        <ul>
            @foreach (string error in Model)
        {
                <li>@error</li>
}
        </ul>
            break;
}
</div>
@Html.ActionLink("确定", "Index", null, new { @class = "btn btn-default" })
至此，使用ASP.NET Identy实现对用户的增删改查完毕，ASP.NET Identity真的很好很强大！
                                            

                                        

                        
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