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[推荐]ORACLE SQL:经典查询练手第一篇(不懂装懂,永世饭桶!)

2015-04-11 08:39 609 查看
[推荐]ORACLE SQL:

经典查询练手第一篇(不懂装懂,永世饭桶!)
——通过知识共享树立个人品牌。


本文与大家共同讨论与分享ORACLE SQL的一些常用经典查询,欢迎大家补充,同时你认为有那些经典的也可分享出来。在本文中,对每一个问题,你要是认为有什么更好的解决方法也欢迎你及时提出。交流与分享才能共同进步嘛,感谢!



本文使用的实例表结构与表的数据如下:

scott.emp员工表结构如下:


nametypenullabledefaultcomments
EMPNONUMBER(4)
员工号码
ENAMEVARCHAR2(10)Y员工姓名
JOB VARCHAR2(9)Y工作
MGR NUMBER(4)Y上级编号
HIREDATEDATEY雇佣日期
SALNUMBER(7,2)Y薪金
COMM NUMBER(7,2)Y佣金
DEPTNONUMBER(2)Y部门编号
scott.dept部门表


NameTypeNullable DefaultComments
DEPTNONUMBER(2)
部门编号
DNAMEVARCHAR2(14)
Y部门名称
LOCVARCHAR2(13)Y地点
Name Type Nullable
Default Comments

------ ------------ ------------ ------- --------

DEPTNO NUMBER(2) 部门编号

DNAME VARCHAR2(14) Y 部门名称

LOC VARCHAR2(13) Y 地点

提示:工资=薪金+佣金

scott.emp表的现有数据如下:



SQL> select * from emp;



EMPNOENAMEJOBMGRHIRDATESALCOMMDEPTNO
7369SMITHCLERK79021980-12-17800.0020
7499ALLENSALESMAN76981981-2-201600.00300.0030
7521WARDSALESMAN76981981-2-221250.00500.0030
7566JONESMANAGER78391981-4-22975.0020
7654MARTINSALESMAN76981981-9-281250.001400.0030
7698BLAKEMANAGER78391981-5-12850.0030
7782CLARKMANAGER78391981-6-92450.0010
7788SCOTTANALYST75661987-4-194000.0020
7839KINGPRESIDENT1981-11-175000.0010
7844TURNERSALESMAN76981981-9-81500.000.0030
7876ADAMSCLERK77881987-5-231100.0020
7900JAMESCLERK76981981-12-3950.0030
7902FORDANALYST77661981-12-33000.0020
7934MILLERCLERK77821982-1-231300.0010
102EricHuDeveloper14552011-5-265500.0014.0010
104huyongPM14552011-5-265500.0014.0010
105WANGJINGDeveloper14552011-5-265500.0014.0010
Scott.dept表的现有数据如下:



SQL> select * from dept;



DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------------ -----------------
----------------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

50 50abc 50def

60 Developer HaiKou



6 rows selected







用SQL完成以下问题列表:





1.列出至少有一个员工的所有部门。

2.列出薪金比“SMITH”多的所有员工。

3.列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上级的姓名。

4.列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工。

5.列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门

6.列出所有“CLERK”(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称。

7.列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作。

8.列出在部门“SALES”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名,假定不知道销售部的部门编号。

9.列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工。

10.列出与“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工。

11.列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。

12.列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。

13.列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限。

14.列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资。

15.列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数。

16.列出各种工作的最低工资。

17.列出各个部门的MANAGER(经理)的最低薪金。

18.列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序。





各答案如下,欢迎大家给出不出的解答方式。







--------1.列出至少有一个员工的所有部门。---------

SQL> select dname from dept where deptno in(select deptno from emp);

DNAME

--------------

RESEARCH

SALES

ACCOUNTING

--------或--------

SQL> select dname from dept where deptno in(select deptno from emp group by deptno having count(deptno) >=1);

DNAME

--------------

ACCOUNTING

RESEARCH

SALES

--------2.列出薪金比“SMITH”多的所有员工。----------

SQL> select * from emp where sal > (select sal from emp where ename = 'SMITH');



EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-20 1600.00 300.00 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-22 1250.00 500.00 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-4-2 2975.00 20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-28 1250.00 1400.00 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 2850.00 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 2450.00 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 4000.00 20

7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 5000.00 10

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-8 1500.00 0.00 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-5-23 1100.00 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-3 950.00 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-3 3000.00 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-1-23 1300.00 10

102 EricHu Developer 1455 2011-5-26 1 5500.00 14.00 10

104 huyong PM 1455 2011-5-26 1 5500.00 14.00 10

105 WANGJING Developer 1455 2011-5-26 1 5500.00 14.00 10

16 rows selected

--------3.列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上级的姓名。----------

SQL> select a.ename,(select ename from emp b where b.empno=a.mgr) as boss_name from emp a;

ENAME BOSS_NAME

---------- ----------

SMITH FORD

ALLEN BLAKE

WARD BLAKE

JONES KING

MARTIN BLAKE

BLAKE KING

CLARK KING

SCOTT JONES

KING

TURNER BLAKE

ADAMS SCOTT

JAMES BLAKE

FORD JONES

MILLER CLARK

EricHu

huyong

WANGJING

17 rows selected

--------4.列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工。----------

SQL> select a.ename from emp a where a.hiredate<(select hiredate from emp b where b.empno=a.mgr);

ENAME

----------

SMITH

ALLEN

WARD

JONES

BLAKE

CLARK

6 rows selected

--------5.列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门----------

SQL> select a.dname,b.empno,b.ename,b.job,b.mgr,b.hiredate,b.sal,b.deptno

2 from dept a left join emp b on a.deptno=b.deptno;



DNAME EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO

-------------- ----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- ------

RESEARCH 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 800.00 20

SALES 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-20 1600.00 30

SALES 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-22 1250.00 30

RESEARCH 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-4-2 2975.00 20

SALES 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-28 1250.00 30

SALES 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 2850.00 30

ACCOUNTING 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 2450.00 10

RESEARCH 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 4000.00 20

ACCOUNTING 7839 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 5000.00 10

SALES 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-8 1500.00 30

RESEARCH 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-5-23 1100.00 20

SALES 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-3 950.00 30

RESEARCH 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-3 3000.00 20

ACCOUNTING 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-1-23 1300.00 10

ACCOUNTING 102 EricHu Developer 1455 2011-5-26 1 5500.00 10

ACCOUNTING 104 huyong PM 1455 2011-5-26 1 5500.00 10

ACCOUNTING 105 WANGJING Developer 1455 2011-5-26 1 5500.00 10

50abc

OPERATIONS

Developer



20 rows selected

--------6.列出所有“CLERK”(办事员)的姓名及其部门名称。----------

SQL> select a.ename,b.dname from emp a join dept b on a.deptno=b.deptno and a.job='CLERK';

ENAME DNAME

---------- --------------

SMITH RESEARCH

ADAMS RESEARCH

JAMES SALES

MILLER ACCOUNTING

--------7.列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作。----------

SQL> select distinct job as HighSalJob from emp group by job having min(sal)>1500;

HIGHSALJOB

----------

ANALYST

Developer

MANAGER

PM

PRESIDENT

--------8.列出在部门“SALES”(销售部)工作的员工的姓名,假定不知道销售部的部门编号。----------

SQL> select ename from emp where deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname='SALES');

ENAME

----------

ALLEN

WARD

MARTIN

BLAKE

TURNER

JAMES

6 rows selected

--------9.列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工。----------

SQL> select ename from emp where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp);

ENAME

----------

JONES

BLAKE

SCOTT

KING

FORD

EricHu

huyong

WANGJING

8 rows selected

--------10.列出与“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工。--------

SQL> select ename from emp where job=(select job from emp where ename='SCOTT');

ENAME

----------

SCOTT

FORD

--------11.列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。---------

SQL> select a.ename,a.sal from emp a where a.sal in (select b.sal

2 from emp b where b.deptno=30) and a.deptno<>30;

ENAME SAL

---------- ---------

--------12.列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。---------

SQL> select ename,sal from emp where sal>(select max(sal) from emp where deptno=30);

ENAME SAL

---------- ---------

JONES 2975.00

SCOTT 4000.00

KING 5000.00

FORD 3000.00

EricHu 5500.00

huyong 5500.00

WANGJING 5500.00

7 rows selected

--------13.列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限。---------

SQL> select (select b.dname from dept b where a.deptno=b.deptno) as deptname ,count(deptno) as deptcount,avg(sal) as deptavgsal

2 from emp a group by deptno;

DEPTNAME DEPTCOUNT DEPT***GSAL

-------------- ---------- ----------

ACCOUNTING 6 4208.33333

RESEARCH 5 2375

SALES 6 1566.66666

--------14.列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资。---------

SQL> select a.ename,(select b.dname from dept b where b.deptno=a.deptno) as deptname,sal from emp a;



ENAME DEPTNAME SAL

---------- -------------- ---------

SMITH RESEARCH 800.00

ALLEN SALES 1600.00

WARD SALES 1250.00

JONES RESEARCH 2975.00

MARTIN SALES 1250.00

BLAKE SALES 2850.00

CLARK ACCOUNTING 2450.00

SCOTT RESEARCH 4000.00

KING ACCOUNTING 5000.00

TURNER SALES 1500.00

ADAMS RESEARCH 1100.00

JAMES SALES 950.00

FORD RESEARCH 3000.00

MILLER ACCOUNTING 1300.00

EricHu ACCOUNTING 5500.00

huyong ACCOUNTING 5500.00

WANGJING ACCOUNTING 5500.00



17 rows selected

--------15.列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数。---------

SQL> select a.deptno,a.dname,a.loc,(select count(deptno) from emp b where b.deptno=a.deptno group by b.deptno) as deptcount from dept a;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC DEPTCOUNT

------ -------------- ------------- ----------

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
6

20 RESEARCH DALLAS 5

30 SALES CHICAGO 6

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

50 50abc 50def

60 Developer HaiKou



6 rows selected

--------16.列出各种工作的最低工资。---------

SQL> select job,avg(sal) from emp group by job;



JOB ***G(SAL)

--------- ----------

ANALYST 3500

CLERK 1037.5

Developer 5500

MANAGER 2758.33333

PM 5500

PRESIDENT 5000

SALESMAN 1400



7 rows selected

--------17.列出各个部门的MANAGER(经理)的最低薪金。--------

SQL> select deptno,min(sal) from emp where job='MANAGER' group by deptno;



DEPTNO MIN(SAL)

------ ----------

10 2450

20 2975

30 2850

--------18.列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序。---------

SQL> select ename,(sal+nvl(comm,0))*12 as salpersal from emp order by salpersal;



ENAME SALPERSAL

---------- ----------

SMITH 9600

JAMES 11400

ADAMS 13200

MILLER 15600

TURNER 18000

WARD 21000

ALLEN 22800

CLARK 29400

MARTIN 31800

BLAKE 34200

JONES 35700

FORD 36000

SCOTT 48000

KING 60000

EricHu 66168

huyong 66168

WANGJING 66168



17 rows selected
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