经典SQL学习笔记 (一)－简单、限定、模糊、排序

create table BONUS
(
  ENAME VARCHAR(10),
  JOB   VARCHAR(9),
  SAL   int,
  COMM  int
);

create table DEPT
(
  DEPTNO int(2) not null,
  DNAME  VARCHAR(14),
  LOC    VARCHAR(13)
);

create table EMP
(
  EMPNO    int(4) not null,
  ENAME    VARCHAR(10),
  JOB      VARCHAR(9),
  MGR      int(4),
  HIREDATE DATE,
  SAL      double,
  COMM     int(7),
  DEPTNO   int(2)
);

create table SALGRADE
(
  GRADE int,
  LOSAL int,
  HISAL int
);

insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC)
values (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC)
values (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC)
values (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
insert into DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC)
values (40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');
commit;

insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, '19800608', 800, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '19810605',1600, 300, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '19830608',  1250, 500, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, '19810608',  2975, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '19860608',  1250, 1400, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, '19880608',  2850, null, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, '19890603', 2450, null, 10);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, '19870602',  3000, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, '19810618',  5000, null, 10);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, '19820628', 1500, 0, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, '19870628', 1100, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, '19810608', 950, null, 30);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, '19820308', 3000, null, 20);
insert into EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, HIREDATE, SAL, COMM, DEPTNO)
values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, '19820316',  1300, null, 10);
commit;
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL)
values (1, 700, 1200);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL)
values (2, 1201, 1400);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL)
values (3, 1401, 2000);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL)
values (4, 2001, 3000);
insert into SALGRADE (GRADE, LOSAL, HISAL)
values (5, 3001, 9999);
commit;

--简单、限定、模糊、排序练习--
-------简单查询------
1、查询员工表中的员工姓名、员工工资；
SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP;

2、查询部门表中的部门编号、部门名称；
SELECT DEPTNO,DNAME FROM DEPT;

3、查询工资等级表中的工资等级编号、此等级的最低工资；
SELECT GRADE,LOSAL FROM SALGRADE;

4、查询奖金表中的员工姓名和奖金；
SELECT ENAME,COMM FROM BONUS;

5、在员工表中的查询员工信息，按下面格式输出：
   编号为XXXX的员工，姓名为ename,工资为sal
SELECT '编号为'||EMPNO ||'的员工，姓名为'||ENAME ||'工资为'||SAL  FROM EMP;

6、查询员工的年薪加奖金的和
SELECT SAL*12+NVL(COMM,0)AS 年薪 FROM EMP;

7、查询工资大于1000并且小于3000的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>1000 AND SAL<3000;

8、查询工资大于等于1000并且小于3000的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>=1000 AND SAL<3000;

9、查询员工资金大于500的员工信息；
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM>500;

10、查询1980年和1981年入职的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE HIREDATE BETWEEN '1-1月-80' AND '31-12月-81';

11、查询编号不是7788的所有员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO <>7788;

12、查询部门是20中员工工资大于2000的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO=20 AND SAL>2000;

13、查询工资大于奖金的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>COMM;

14、查询没有奖金的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL;

15、查询没有奖金且工资低于1500的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>1500 AND COMM IS NULL;

16、查询部门30没有奖金且工资低于1500的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO =30 AND SAL <1500 AND COMM IS NULL;

17、查询职务是经理的所有员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB='MANAGER';

18、查询工作是经理、普通员工、销售员的所有员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB IN ('MANAGER','CLERK','SALESMAN');

-------使用LIKE模糊查询------

19、查询员工编号大于7000且姓名中包含“S”字符的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO>7000 AND ENAME LIKE '%S%';

20、查询员工编号大于7000且姓名中不包含“S”字符的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO >7000 AND ENAME NOT LIKE '%S%';

21、查询员工职务是以“S”开头的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB LIKE 'S%';

22、查询员工职务是以“R”结尾的员工信息
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB LIKE '%R';

-------使用WHERE和ORDER BY子句限定排序------

23、查询员工信息按编号降序排序
SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY EMPNO DESC;

24、查询员工信息按部门升序，部门相同按工号降序排序
SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY DEPTNO ASC,EMPNO DESC;

25、查询员工信息按工资与奖金的和的升序排序
SELECT EMP.*, SAL+nvl(COMM,0)  薪金和 FROM EMP ORDER BY 2;

26、查询员工信息按员工姓名降序排序，如果相同，按编号升序排序
SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME DESC,EMPNO ASC;

27. 创建一个查询显示工资大于2850美元的雇员的姓名及工资
SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL>2850;

28. 显示工资不在1500到2850美元之间的雇员的姓名及工资
SELECT ENAME,SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL NOT BETWEEN 1500 AND 2850;

29. 显示在10和30部门工作并且工资大于1500美元的雇员的姓名和工资，列标题显示为Employee和Monthly Salary 
SELECT ENAME EMPLOYEE ,SAL "MONTHLY SALARY" FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN(10,30)AND SAL>1500;

30. 显示奖金比工资多10％以上的雇员的姓名、工资及奖金。
SELECT ENAME,SAL ,COMM FROM EMP WHERE COMM>SAL*1.1;

-------思考练习题------

31． 创建一个查询显示雇员编号为7566的雇员的姓名和部门编号。
SELECT ENAME,DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO=7566;

32． 显示受雇时间在February 20，1981和May 1，1981之间的雇员的姓名、工资、及受雇时间，并以受雇时间升序排列。
SELECT ENAME,SAL,HIREDATE FROM EMP WHERE HIREDATE BETWEEN '20-2月-81' AND '1-3月-81' ORDER BY HIREDATE;

33． 显示在10号和30号部门工作的雇员的姓名及其部门编号，并以字母顺序排列。
SELECT ENAME,DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN(10,30) ORDER BY ENAME;

34． 显示所有受雇于1982年的雇员的姓名和受雇时间。
SELECT ENAME,HIREDATE FROM EMP WHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'YYYY')='1982';

35． 显示没有上级管理员的雇员的姓名及其工作。
SELECT ENAME,JOB FROM EMP WHERE MGR IS NULL;

36． 显示能挣得奖金的雇员的姓名、工资、奖金，并以工资和奖金降序排列。
SELECT ENAME,SAL,COMM FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NOT NULL ORDER BY(COMM+SAL);

37． 显示姓名中第三个字母为A的雇员的姓名。
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE '__A%';

38． 显示姓名中两次出现字母L并且在30部门工作或者其管理员编号是7782的雇员的姓名。
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE '%L%L%' AND DEPTNO =30 OR MGR =7782;

39． 显示工作为Clerk或Analyst并且工资不等于$1000、$3000、$5000的雇员的姓名、工作及工资。
SELECT ENAME,JOB ,SAL FROM EMP WHERE JOB IN ('CLERK','ANALYST') AND SAL NOT IN(1000,3000,5000);