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Android网络框架Volley(实战篇)

2014-12-30 20:28 399 查看
之前讲了ym—— Android网络框架Volley(体验篇),大家应该了解了volley的使用,接下来我们要看看如何把volley使用到实战项目里面,我们先考虑下一些问题:
从上一篇来看 mQueue 只需要一个对象即可,new RequestQueue对象对资源一种浪费,我们应该在application,以及可以把取消请求的方法也在application进行统一管理,看以下代码:

[java]
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package com.chronocloud.lib.base;

import android.app.Application;
import android.text.TextUtils;

import com.android.volley.Request;
import com.android.volley.RequestQueue;
import com.android.volley.VolleyLog;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley;

public class ApplicationController extends Application {

/**
* Log or request TAG
*/
public static final String TAG = "VolleyPatterns";

/**
* Global request queue for Volley
*/
private RequestQueue mRequestQueue;

/**
* A singleton instance of the application class for easy access in other
* places
*/
private static ApplicationController sInstance;

@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();

// initialize the singleton
sInstance = this;
}

/**
* @return ApplicationController singleton instance
*/
public static synchronized ApplicationController getInstance() {
return sInstance;
}

/**
* @return The Volley Request queue, the queue will be created if it is null
*/
public RequestQueue getRequestQueue() {
// lazy initialize the request queue, the queue instance will be
// created when it is accessed for the first time
if (mRequestQueue == null) {
// 1
// 2
synchronized (ApplicationController.class) {
if (mRequestQueue == null) {
mRequestQueue = Volley
.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext());
}
}
}
return mRequestQueue;
}

/**
* Adds the specified request to the global queue, if tag is specified then
* it is used else Default TAG is used.
*
* @param req
* @param tag
*/
public <T> void addToRequestQueue(Request<T> req, String tag) {
// set the default tag if tag is empty
req.setTag(TextUtils.isEmpty(tag) ? TAG : tag);

VolleyLog.d("Adding request to queue: %s", req.getUrl());

getRequestQueue().add(req);
}

/**
* Adds the specified request to the global queue using the Default TAG.
*
* @param req
* @param tag
*/
public <T> void addToRequestQueue(Request<T> req) {
// set the default tag if tag is empty
req.setTag(TAG);

getRequestQueue().add(req);
}

/**
* Cancels all pending requests by the specified TAG, it is important to
* specify a TAG so that the pending/ongoing requests can be cancelled.
*
* @param tag
*/
public void cancelPendingRequests(Object tag) {
if (mRequestQueue != null) {
mRequestQueue.cancelAll(tag);
}
}
}

接下来就是Volley虽然给我们提供了很多不同的Request(JsonObjectRequest,JsonArrayRequest,StringRequest,ImageRequest),但是还是满足不了我们实战中的需求,我们实战开发中经常用到的是xml格式,Gson解析。
接下来我们来看看,如何自定义Request

XmlRequest:

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public class XMLRequest extends Request<XmlPullParser> {

private final Listener<XmlPullParser> mListener;

public XMLRequest(int method, String url, Listener<XmlPullParser> listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mListener = listener;
}

public XMLRequest(String url, Listener<XmlPullParser> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
}

@Override
protected Response<XmlPullParser> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
try {
String xmlString = new String(response.data,
HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlString));
return Response.success(xmlPullParser, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
}
}

@Override
protected void deliverResponse(XmlPullParser response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}

}

GsonRequest(注意需要自行导入gson.jar):

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public class GsonRequest<T> extends Request<T> {

private final Listener<T> mListener;

private Gson mGson;

private Class<T> mClass;

public GsonRequest(int method, String url, Class<T> clazz, Listener<T> listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mGson = new Gson();
mClass = clazz;
mListener = listener;
}

public GsonRequest(String url, Class<T> clazz, Listener<T> listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, clazz, listener, errorListener);
}

@Override
protected Response<T> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
try {
String jsonString = new String(response.data,
HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
return Response.success(mGson.fromJson(jsonString, mClass),
HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
}
}

@Override
protected void deliverResponse(T response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}

}

接下只差最后一步了就是封装它的错误处理,使用过volley的都知道,volley的监听错误提示都是NoConnectionError。。。等等,这类的错误提示,显然这不是我们想给用户呈现的错误提示,因为就算提示了用户也不明白什么意思,所以我们还要封装一下,能让用户看的更清楚的理解这些错误提示。ym——
Android网络框架Volley(体验篇)我们讲过每个请求都需要设置一个失败的监听:

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// 共用失败回调
private class StrErrListener implements ErrorListener {

@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError arg0) {
Toast.makeText(mContext,
VolleyErrorHelper.getMessage(arg0, mContext),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

}

以上代码有个VolleyError对象,我们可以从这个对象上下手:

[java]
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package com.example.volley;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import android.content.Context;

import com.android.volley.AuthFailureError;
import com.android.volley.NetworkError;
import com.android.volley.NetworkResponse;
import com.android.volley.NoConnectionError;
import com.android.volley.ServerError;
import com.android.volley.TimeoutError;
import com.android.volley.VolleyError;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
//正如前面代码看到的,在创建一个请求时,需要添加一个错误监听onErrorResponse。如果请求发生异常,会返回一个VolleyError实例。
//以下是Volley的异常列表:
//AuthFailureError:如果在做一个HTTP的身份验证,可能会发生这个错误。
//NetworkError:Socket关闭,服务器宕机,DNS错误都会产生这个错误。
//NoConnectionError:和NetworkError类似,这个是客户端没有网络连接。
//ParseError:在使用JsonObjectRequest或JsonArrayRequest时,如果接收到的JSON是畸形,会产生异常。
//SERVERERROR:服务器的响应的一个错误,最有可能的4xx或5xx HTTP状态代码。
//TimeoutError:Socket超时,服务器太忙或网络延迟会产生这个异常。默认情况下,Volley的超时时间为2.5秒。如果得到这个错误可以使用RetryPolicy。

public class VolleyErrorHelper {

/**
* Returns appropriate message which is to be displayed to the user against
* the specified error object.
*
* @param error
* @param context
* @return
*/
public static String getMessage(Object error, Context context) {
if (error instanceof TimeoutError) {
return context.getResources().getString(
R.string.generic_server_down);
} else if (isServerProblem(error)) {
return handleServerError(error, context);
} else if (isNetworkProblem(error)) {
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.no_internet);
}
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.generic_error);
}

/**
* Determines whether the error is related to network
*
* @param error
* @return
*/
private static boolean isNetworkProblem(Object error) {
return (error instanceof NetworkError)
|| (error instanceof NoConnectionError);
}

/**
* Determines whether the error is related to server
*
* @param error
* @return
*/
private static boolean isServerProblem(Object error) {
return (error instanceof ServerError)
|| (error instanceof AuthFailureError);
}

/**
* Handles the server error, tries to determine whether to show a stock
* message or to show a message retrieved from the server.
*
* @param err
* @param context
* @return
*/
private static String handleServerError(Object err, Context context) {
VolleyError error = (VolleyError) err;

NetworkResponse response = error.networkResponse;

if (response != null) {
switch (response.statusCode) {
case 404:
case 422:
case 401:
try {
// server might return error like this { "error":
// "Some error occured" }
// Use "Gson" to parse the result
HashMap<String, String> result = new Gson().fromJson(
new String(response.data),
new TypeToken<Map<String, String>>() {
}.getType());

if (result != null && result.containsKey("error")) {
return result.get("error");
}

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// invalid request
return error.getMessage();

default:
return context.getResources().getString(
R.string.generic_server_down);
}
}
return context.getResources().getString(R.string.generic_error);
}
}

以上代码中引用的xml是:

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<string name="no_internet">无网络连接~!</string>
<string name="generic_server_down">连接服务器失败~!</string>
<string name="generic_error">网络异常,请稍后再试~!</string>

接下来,数据请求这一块已经说完了,我们来说下图片这一块,我个人喜欢使用universal-image-loader而不是volley自己提供的(个人认为使用起来universal-image-loader更便捷一些)。好啦讲完了,大家可以去实战开发了~!不懂或者遇到问题的可以留言讨论~!
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