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【Unix】vi command summary

2014-12-12 10:35 211 查看

vi command summary

The following tables contain all the basic vi commands.（下表包含了所有基本的vi命令）

Starting vi(启动vi)

Command	Description
vi file	start at line 1 of file　光标在第一行
vi +n file	start at line n of file　光标在第n行
vi + file	start at last line of file　光标在最后一行
vi +/pattern file	start at pattern in file　光标在pattern行
vi -r file	recover file after a system crash　系统down机后恢复文件

Saving files and quitting vi（保存和退出vi）

Command	Description
:e file	edit file (save current file with :w first) 编辑file
:w	save (write out) the file being edited 保存当前文件
:w file	save as file　　　保存为file
:w! file	save as an existing file　强制保存
:q	quit vi　　　　　　　　　退出
:wq	save the file and quit vi　保存并退出
:x	save the file if it has changed and quit vi　如果文件被改动，则保存并退出。
:q!	quit vi without saving changes　　　　放弃修改并退出

Moving the cursor（光标移动）

Keys pressed	Effect
h	left one character　　　左移一个字符
l or <Space>	right one character　　右移一个字符
k	up one line　　上移一行
j or <Enter>	down one line　下移一行
b	left one word　左移一个字
w	right one word　右移一个字
(	start of sentence　到达一句的开头
)	end of sentence　　到达一句的结尾
{	start of paragraph　到达一段的开头
}	end of paragraph　　到达一段的结尾
1G	top of file 　到达文件的开头
nG	line n　到达第n行
G	end of file　到达文件末尾
<Ctrl>W	first character of insertion
<Ctrl>U	up ½ screen　上滚半屏
<Ctrl>D	down ½ screen 下滚半屏
<Ctrl>B	up one screen　上滚一屏
<Ctrl>F	down one screen　下滚一屏

Inserting text（文字插入）

Keys pressed	Text inserted
a	after the cursor　光标后插入
A	after last character on the line　行尾插入
i	before the cursor　　光标前插入
I	before first character on the line　行首插入
o	open line below current line　行下插入一行
O	open line above current line　行上插入一行

Changing and replacing text

Keys pressed	Text changed or replaced
cw	word
3cw	three words
cc	current line
5cc	five lines
r	current character only
R	current character and those to its right
s	current character
S	current line
~	switch between lowercase and uppercase

Deleting text（文本删除）

Keys pressed	Text deleted
x	character under cursor　删除光标右侧文字
12x	12 characters　删除12个字符
X	character to left of cursor　删除光标左侧字符
dw	word　删除一个单词
3dw	three words　删除三个单词
d0	to beginning of line　删除至行首
d$	to end of line　删除至行尾
dd	current line　删除当前行
5dd	five lines　删除五行
d{	to beginning of paragraph　删除至段首
d}	to end of paragraph　删除至段尾
:1,. d	to beginning of file　删除至文件首
:.,$ d	to end of file　　删除至文件尾
:1,$ d	whole file　删除整个文件

Using markers and buffers

Command	Description
mf	set marker named ``f''
`f	go to marker ``f''
´f	go to start of line containing marker ``f''
"s12yy	copy 12 lines into buffer ``s''
"ty}	copy text from cursor to end of paragraph into buffer ``t''
"ly1G	copy text from cursor to top of file into buffer ``l''
"kd`f	cut text from cursor up to marker ``f'' into buffer ``k''
"kp	paste buffer ``k'' into text

Searching for text（文本搜索）

Search	Finds
/and	next occurrence of ``and'', for example, ``and'', ``stand'', ``grand''　向下搜索文字and
?and	previous occurrence of ``and'' 　向上搜索文字and
/^The	next line that starts with ``The'', for example, ``The'', ``Then'', ``There'' 搜索下一个以the开头的行
/^The\>	next line that starts with the word ``The''　搜索下一个以整字The开头的行
/end$	next line that ends with ``end''　搜索下一个以end结尾的行
/[bB]ox	next occurrence of ``box'' or ``Box''　搜索box或者Box
n	repeat the most recent search, in the same direction　在相同方向上继续搜索
N	repeat the most recent search, in the opposite direction　在相反方向上继续搜索

Searching for and replacing text(搜索并替换文本)

Command	Description
:s/pear/peach/g	replace all occurrences of ``pear'' with ``peach'' on current line　在当前行搜索pear，并替换为peach
:/orange/s//lemon/g	change all occurrences of ``orange'' into ``lemon'' on next line containing ``orange''　在下一行中搜索orange，并替换为lemon
:.,$/\<file/directory/g	replace all words starting with ``file'' by ``directory'' on every line from current line onward, for example, ``filename'' becomes ``directoryname''
:g/one/s//1/g	replace every occurrence of ``one'' with 1, for example, ``oneself'' becomes ``1self'', ``someone'' becomes ``some1'' 用“1”替换所有的"one"

Matching patterns of text

expression_r_r_r_r_r_r	Matches
.	any single character
	zero or more of the previous expression_r_r_r_r_r_r
.	zero or more arbitrary characters
\<	beginning of a word
\>	end of a word
\	quote a special character
\	the character `` ''
^	beginning of a line
$	end of a line
[set]	one character from a set of characters
[XYZ]	one of the characters ``X'', ``Y'', or ``Z''
[[:upper:]][[:lower:]]*	one uppercase character followed by any number of lowercase characters
[^set]	one character not from a set of characters
[^XYZ[:digit:]]	any character except ``X'', ``Y'', ``Z'', or a numeric digit

Options to the :set command

Option	Effect
all	list settings of all options
ignorecase	ignore case in searches
list	display <Tab> and end-of-line characters
mesg	display messages sent to your terminal
nowrapscan	prevent searches from wrapping round the end or beginning of a file
number	display line numbers
report=5	warn if five or more lines are changed by command
term=ansi	set terminal type to ``ansi''
terse	shorten error messages
warn	display ``[No write since last change]'' on shell escape if file has not been saved

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