Oracle 12c CDB 和 PDB 表空间管理和配置 说明

注：本文谢绝转载。

1 管理CDB中的表空间

CDB表空间的管理和non-CDB 表空间的管理一样，CDB 也有一个实例，在安装的时候指定。


--查看表空间：
SQL> select instance_name fromv$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
Cndba

SQL> col file_name for a50
SQL> selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
USERS 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/users01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/undotbs01.dbf
SYSAUX 3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/sysaux01.dbf
SYSTEM 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/system01.dbf

--切换container：
SQL> set lin 140
SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name ,open_mode from v$pdbs;

CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------ ----------
2 4088301206 F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 426143573F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
4 1231796139 F812DE1B6A8F363AE0430A01A8C0C759 PCNDBA2 READ WRITE

SQL> alter session setcontainer=pcndba2;

Session altered.

SQL> selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
----------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM 12/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/system01.dbf
SYSAUX 13/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
USERS 14/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/pcndba2_users01.dbf


--表空间具体操作示例
SQL> alter session setcontainer=CDB$ROOT;
Session altered.

SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE dave
2 DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave01.dbf' SIZE 1M
3 AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;
Tablespace created.

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE dave ADD
2 DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave02.dbf' SIZE 1M
3 AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;

Tablespace altered.

--查看：
SQL> selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM 1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/system01.dbf
SYSAUX 3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/sysaux01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/undotbs01.dbf
USERS 6/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/users01.dbf
D***E 16/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave02.dbf
D***E 15/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave01.dbf


--drop 表空间：
SQL> drop tablespace dave includingcontents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.

SQL> selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM 1/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/system01.dbf
SYSAUX 3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/sysaux01.dbf
UNDOTBS1 4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/undotbs01.dbf
USERS 6/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/users01.dbf

2 管理PDB的表空间

PDB 表空间的管理和CDB一样，只需要切换到正确的container即可。



SQL> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs;

NAME OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY
PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
PCNDBA2 READ WRITE

SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> alter session setcontainer=pcndba2;
Session altered.

SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PCNDBA2


SQL> col tablespace_name for a15
SQL> col file_name for a60
SQL> selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM 12/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/system01.dbf
SYSAUX 13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
USERS 14/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/pcndba2_users01.dbf

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE dave
2 DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave01.dbf' SIZE 1M
3 AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;
Tablespace created.

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE dave ADD
2 DATAFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave02.dbf' SIZE 1M
3 AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSAUX 13/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
SYSTEM 12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/system01.dbf
USERS 14/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/pcndba2_users01.dbf
D***E 17/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave01.dbf
D***E 18/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/dave02.dbf

SQL> DROP TABLESPACE dave INCLUDINGCONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
Tablespace dropped.

SQL> selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files;
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
SYSTEM 12/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/system01.dbf
SYSAUX 13/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
USERS 14/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/pcndba2_users01.dbf

3 Undo 表空间

CDB中的undo 表空间只能从CDB中管理，不能从non-CDB中管理。
PDB 没有自己的undo 表空间，PDB 中直接使用CDB中的undo 表空间。

如果连上PDB，是看不到undo 表空间的。

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PCNDBA2
SQL> select tablespace_name fromdba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME
---------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
TEMP
USERS


--切换到CDB中：
SQL> alter session setcontainer=CDB$ROOT;
Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> select tablespace_name fromdba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME
---------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbseed/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/pcndba2_users01.dbf

13 rows selected.

--查看TEMP 表空间：
SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/temp01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbseed/pdbseed_temp01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pdbcndba/pdbcndba_temp01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/temp01.dbf
SQL>

4 Temporary 表空间

CDB 中的temporary 表空间只从在CDB中管理。

PDB 可以有自己的temporary表空间，也可以不用，在创建PDB的时候如果没有指定temporary表空间，那么就会公用CDB的temporary 表空间。

SQL> select name from v$pdbs;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------
PDB$SEED
PDBCNDBA
PCNDBA2

SQL> alter session set container=pcndba2;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PCNDBA2

SQL> select file_name fromdba_data_files;

FILE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/pcndba2_users01.dbf


SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp2
2 TEMPFILE'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/temp02.dbf' SIZE 5M
3 AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;

Tablespace created.

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/temp01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/temp02.dbf

SQL> drop tablespace temp2 includingcontents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cndba/pcndba2/temp01.dbf

5 Default Tablespaces

CDB 中的defaulttablespace 和 default temporary tablespace 只能在CDB中操作。


PDB 的中defaulttablespace 和 default temporary tablespace有两种修改方法：

（1） 使用ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令
推荐使用这种方法，法语如下：

CONN pdb@pdb1
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACEusers;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARYTABLESPACE temp;

（2）为了向后的兼容性，也可以使用ALTERDATABASE 命令修改：
CONN pdb@pdb1
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users;
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACEtemp;

注意：
不管使用哪种方法，在修改之前，主要要保证container是正确的。







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