MongoDB整库备份与还原以及单个collection备份、恢复

备份前的检查
> show dbs
MyDB 0.0625GB
admin (empty)
bruce 0.0625GB
local (empty)
test 0.0625GB
> use MyDB
switched to db MyDB
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e290aa39a1945747b28f1ee"), "a" : 1, "b" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e2cd2182a65c81f21566318"), "a" : 3, "b" : 5 }
>

整库备份：
mongodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory
-h：MongDB所在服务器地址，例如：127.0.0.1，当然也可以指定端口号：127.0.0.1:27017
-d：需要备份的数据库实例，例如：test
-o：备份的数据存放位置，例如：c:\data\dump，当然该目录需要提前建立，在备份完成后，系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录，这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。

mongodump的官方说明(可通过mongodump --help查看)：
options:
--help                   produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]         be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version                print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg        mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for
sets)
--port arg               server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6                   enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg    username
-p [ --password ] arg    password
--dbpath arg             directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb         if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal                enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg          database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg  collection to use (some commands)
-o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory or "-" for stdout
-q [ --query ] arg       json query
--oplog                  Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting
--repair                 try to recover a crashed database
--forceTableScan         force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

整库恢复：
mongorestore -h dbhost -d dbname –directoryperdb dbdirectory
-h：MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d：需要恢复的数据库实例，例如：test，当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样，比如test2
–directoryperdb：备份数据所在位置，例如：c:\data\dump\test，这里为什么要多加一个test，而不是备份时候的dump，读者自己查看提示吧！
–drop：恢复的时候，先删除当前数据，然后恢复备份的数据。就是说，恢复后，备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除，慎用哦！

mongorestore的官方说明(可通过mongorestore --help查看)：
options:
--help                  produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version               print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg   username
-p [ --password ] arg   password
--dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal               enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg         database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
--objcheck              validate object before inserting
--filter arg            filter to apply before inserting
--drop                  drop each collection before import
--oplogReplay           replay oplog for point-in-time restore
--oplogLimit arg        exclude oplog entries newer than provided timestamp
(epoch[:ordinal])
--keepIndexVersion      don't upgrade indexes to newest version
--noOptionsRestore      don't restore collection options
--noIndexRestore        don't restore indexes
--w arg (=1)            minimum number of replicas per write

单个collection备份：
mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory
-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例
-c: 需要恢复的集合
-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)
-o: 表示导出的文件名

mongoexport的官方说明(可通过mongoexport --help查看)：
--help                    produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]          be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version                 print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg         mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for
sets)
--port arg                server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6                    enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg     username
-p [ --password ] arg     password
--dbpath arg              directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb          if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal                 enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg           database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg   collection to use (some commands)
-f [ --fields ] arg       comma separated list of field names e.g. -f
name,age
--fieldFile arg           file with fields names - 1 per line
-q [ --query ] arg        query filter, as a JSON string
--csv                     export to csv instead of json
-o [ --out ] arg          output file; if not specified, stdout is used
--jsonArray               output to a json array rather than one object per
line
-k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default
true
--forceTableScan          force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

单个collection恢复：
mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file
-type: 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline: 批明不导入第一行，因为第一行是列名
-file: 指明要导入的文件路径

mongoimport的官方说明(可通过mongoimport --help查看)：
--help                  produce help message
-v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--version               print the program's version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg   username
-p [ --password ] arg   password
--dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given
path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -
needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used
if a mongod is currently accessing the same path
--directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate
directory
--journal               enable journaling
-d [ --db ] arg         database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-f [ --fields ] arg     comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age
--fieldFile arg         file with fields names - 1 per line
--ignoreBlanks          if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored
--type arg              type of file to import.  default: json (json,csv,tsv)
--file arg              file to import from; if not specified stdin is used
--drop                  drop collection first
--headerline            CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers
--upsert                insert or update objects that already exist
--upsertFields arg      comma-separated fields for the query part of the
upsert. You should make sure this is indexed
--stopOnError           stop importing at first error rather than continuing
--jsonArray             load a json array, not one item per line. Currently
limited to 16MB.

其他导入与导出操作：

1. mongoimport -d my_mongodb -c user user.dat

参数说明:

-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”

可以看到导入数据的时候会隐式创建表结构

2. mongoexport -d my_mongodb -c user -o user.dat

参数说明:

-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”

-o 指明要导出的文件名, 本例中为”user.dat”

从上面可以看到导出的方式使用的是JSON 的样式.

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