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Android中的Handler消息处理机制

2014-11-20 15:05 423 查看
在几天在学习中用到了android中的Handler消息处理机制,但是对它的原理不太清楚,自己一边学习一边看源代码整理了下Handler的消息处理机制。

首先根据官方给的例子来说明调用关系,在一个线程中创建Handler对象:

*  class LooperThread extends Thread {
*      public Handler mHandler;
*
*      public void run() {
*          Looper.prepare();
*
*          mHandler = new Handler() {
*              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
*                  // process incoming messages here
*              }
*          };
*
*          Looper.loop();
*      }
*  }
1、可以看到首先会调用 Looper.prepare(); 方法,然后在创建Handler对象,那么这个Looper又是什么呢,这个要到源码中去看了。

public class Looper {
private static final String TAG = "Looper";

// sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
private static Looper sMainLooper;  // guarded by Looper.class

final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Thread mThread;
volatile boolean mRun;

private Printer mLogging;

/** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
* This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
* this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
* {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
* {@link #quit()}.
*/
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}

private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}

可以清楚的看到在Looper的prepare()方法中先是 new 了一个Looper对象,Looper的构造方法在这

private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mRun = true;
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}


然后sThreadLocal.set()把这个new 出来的 Looper对象放入到 ThreadLocal中,这就是整个Looper.prepare()方法做的事情

2、在例子中 new 了一个Handler对象,那么就从源码中找出这个Handler对象是怎么new出来的

public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}

mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}

在代码中new的时候先调用的Handler的默认构造方法,然后在这个默认构造方法中调用了上面带两个参数的构造方法,在这个方法中,mLooper = Looper.myLooper()方法很重要,
去代码中找到这个方法:

/**
* Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns
* null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
*/
public static Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}

清楚的看出通过sThreadLocal的get()方法得到了之前Looper.prepare()方法放入的Looper对象,所以Handler对象中的Looper对象,就是之前线程中的Looper对象。
接着上面的代码, mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; 这行代码得到Looper对象中的MessageQueue对象,那么这个MessageQueue对象又是什么时候创建的呢,往前看,发现是在Looper的prepare()方法中创建Looper对象的时候就创建了,所以也就是说 一个Looper对象对应着一个MessageQueue对象,而一个线程中只有一个Looper对象。

3、经过上面,Handler对象就创建完毕了,然后 调用Looper.loop()方法,这个loop()方法又是干嘛的呢,再去代码里寻找

/**
* Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
* {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
*/
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}

// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}

msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}

// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}

msg.recycle();
}
}

可以看到首先得到MessageQueue对象,然后是一个for死循环,在这个循环中,先是 Message msg = queue.next(); 这行代码意思是什么?
这个next方法其实就是把MessageQueue队列中的Message方法拿出来,然后msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); msg.target就是代表了这个Message对象在哪个Handler中,然后调用dispatchMessage()方法,在这个方法中

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}

可以看到是调用了hanleMessage(msg)方法,这个就是我们在之前 创建Handler对象时重写的那个handlerMessage方法,然后我们就得到了发送出来的Message对象,自己去处理消息了。

4、以上是一个线程中Handler创建过程和接收到Message过程,那么发送消息的过程呢,我们知道Handler最多用于在不同线程中,往另一个线程里发送消息,然后在那个线程中接收到handler发送到的消息,对消息进行处理。那么发送过程是怎么实现的

public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}

private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}


上面是sendMessage时候调用的一系列方法,看倒数第二个方法,可以看看到是先得到MessageQueue对象,然后最后一个方法中,调用queue.enqueueMessage()方法,在这个方法中把Message消息放入到MessageQueue消息队列中,在之前的Looper.loop()方法不断的从消息队列中取出Message对象,然后去处理消息。

经过上面的分析可以很清楚的看到了整个Handler消息机制的原理了,总结下,就是一个线程中有一个Looper对象,这个Looper对象有一个MessageQueue消息队列,别的线程中通过拥有handler对象实例来调用sendMessage()方法,在这个方法中是用的Looper对象的MessageQueue消息队列来把Message放入到队列中,然后在第一个线程中,Looper对象的loop()方法把消息队列中的Message消息取出,然后交给Handler对象的重写的handleMessage()方法来处理得到的消息。
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