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知识点总结: c#,使用自定义类型来作为Dictionary的Key

2014-11-19 18:08 627 查看
首先来看一个变量的定义:

/// <summary>
/// key依次是StationId,channelId,deviceId,paraType,dataId,dataTypeId,logicalDeviceIndex,paraHandle,sourceId,value是paraName。读取PC_TB_35_07表后,再找到相应的SourceId后,保存到这里.保存的是定时记录
/// </summary>
private
Dictionary
<uint,
Dictionary
<uint, Dictionary<uint, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, string>>>>>
>>>> m_PC_TB_35_07DatalogDic =
new Dictionary
<uint,
Dictionary
<uint, Dictionary<uint, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, string>>>>>
>>>>();


看不懂吧?看起来很困难吧。其实就是因为key有多个字段,但是写代码的人并没有想到可以使用使用自定义类型来作为key,所以就使用Dictionary套Dictionary的方式,这种方式会导致用的时候也很痛苦,例如,要一层一层的判断,这样就导致了每次使用,要做n次字典的查找,我数了一下,HasDatalog的一次调用,会导致17次的字典查找,实际上只需要一两次就够了。

public bool HasDatalog(uint stationId, uint channelId, uint deviceId)
{
if (!GetDatalogForChannel(stationId, channelId))
return false;
if (!m_PC_TB_35_07DatalogDic.ContainsKey(stationId))
return false;
if (!m_PC_TB_35_07DatalogDic[stationId].ContainsKey(channelId))
return false;
if (!m_PC_TB_35_07DatalogDic[stationId][channelId].ContainsKey(deviceId))
return false;
if (!m_PC_TB_35_07DatalogDic[stationId][channelId][deviceId].ContainsKey(1))
return false;
if (m_PC_TB_35_07DatalogDic[stationId][channelId][deviceId][1].Count == 0)
return false;
return true;
}


所以考虑使用自定义结构来作为Dictionary的Key,示例代码如下,其实主要就是要让自定义类型实现IEqualityComparer接口,而这里面最关键的就是要实现GetHashCode,好在这个结构的字段不多,所以就参考一下《C#本质论(第三版)》p267的实现,大致的代码如下。

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace TestDictionary
{
struct DatalogValue
{
public int paraHandle;
public int paraName;
}

struct DatalogKey : IEqualityComparer<DatalogKey>
{
public DatalogKey(uint dataId, uint dataTypeId, uint logicalDeviceIndex)
{
this.dataId = dataId;
this.dataTypeId = dataTypeId;
this.logicalDeviceIndex = logicalDeviceIndex;
}

public uint dataId;
public uint dataTypeId;
public uint logicalDeviceIndex;

public bool Equals(DatalogKey x, DatalogKey y)
{
return x.dataId == y.dataId &&
x.dataTypeId == y.dataTypeId &&
x.logicalDeviceIndex == y.logicalDeviceIndex;
}

public int GetHashCode(DatalogKey obj)
{
int hashCode = dataId.GetHashCode();
if (hashCode != dataTypeId.GetHashCode())
hashCode ^= dataTypeId.GetHashCode();
if (hashCode != logicalDeviceIndex.GetHashCode())
hashCode ^= dataTypeId.GetHashCode();
return hashCode;
}
}
}


测试:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace TestDictionary
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Dictionary<DatalogKey, int> testDataLog = new Dictionary<DatalogKey, int>();
testDataLog.Add(new DatalogKey(1, 1, 1), 1);
testDataLog.Add(new DatalogKey(1, 2, 1), 2);
testDataLog.Add(new DatalogKey(1, 3, 1), 3);
testDataLog.Add(new DatalogKey(2, 1, 1), 4);
testDataLog.Add(new DatalogKey(2, 2, 1), 4);
MessageBox.Show(testDataLog[new DatalogKey(2, 1, 1)].ToString());

if(!testDataLog.ContainsKey(new DatalogKey(2,1,2)))
MessageBox.Show("no");

}
}
}
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