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NSArray和NSMutableArray,NSDictionary和NSMutableDictionary的常用方法

2014-11-19 15:01 537 查看
转载自:http://1058813598.diandian.com/post/2011-12-24/10271590
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7b9d64af01019ex5.html
/* 初始化方法:
1.init返回一个空数组
2.initWithArray从已有数组初始化
3.initWithContentsOfFile//从plist文件加载
4.initWithContentsOfUrl//从网络地址上获取
5.initWithObject用一个对象初始化
6.initWithObjects从多对象初始化

self.theDataArray=[[NSMutableArray alloc]initWithCapacity:5];//指定有五个元素初始化

*/

/*打印第一个元素:
NSLog(@"the object  is:%@",[theDataArray firstObjectCommonWithArray:theDataArray]);
*/
/*打印最后一个元素:
NSLog(@"the object  is:%@",[theDataArray lastObject]);
*/
/*枚举所有元素,方法一:
for (NSString * theStr in theDataArray) {
NSLog(@"%@:",theStr);
}
*/
/*枚举所有元素,方法二:
for (int i=0,i<[theDataArray count],i++) {
//NSLog(@"%@:",[theDataArray objectAtIndex:i]);
}
*/
/* 枚举所有元素,方法三,用枚举器:
NSEnumerator *enumerator=[theDataArray objectEnumerator];
id obj;
while (obj =[enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"%@",obj);
}
*/

/*  //添加元素
[theDataArray addObject:@"这是新添加的元素"];//从最后开始添加
*/

/* //从指定索引插入元素
[theDataArray insertObject:@"this is inerted object" atIndex:0];//是插入到指定 索引的前面
*/

/* //修改.更新元素
[theDataArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"new obj"];//指定索引修改
*/

/* //判断数组是否包含某个对象

if ([theDataArray containsObject:@"selectiont"]) {
NSLog(@"the object selection is contained in array");
}
else{
NSLog(@"not contain");
}
*/
/* //获取元素索引
NSLog(@"the idx is:%i",[theDataArray indexOfObject:@"selection"]);
*/

/*//数组元素排序

方法一:

NSArray *theTempArr=[[NSArray alloc] initWithArray:[theDataArray
sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(caseInsensitiveCompare:)]];
*/
//[theDataArray sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(caseInsensitiveCompare:)];  // or @selector(compare:)

/*//数组元素排序
方法二:

NSLog(@"before sorted array:%@",theDataArray);
NSCountedSet *cset=[[NSCountedSet alloc] initWithArray:theDataArray];

NSArray *theTempArr=[[NSArray alloc] initWithArray:[[cset allObjects]sortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)]];

NSLog(@"after sorted array:%@",theTempArr);
*/
/* //对数组对象进行排序   NSSortDescriptor
NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor=[[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"name" ascending:YES];//@“name”是对象属性
[theDataArray sortUsingDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObject:sortDescriptor]];//返回排序好的数组

//还可以用自定义方法:[theDataArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(custom Method:)];
-(NSInteger)customMethod:(someObject *)otherObj{
NSCompareResult compareResult=[self.name compare:otherObj.name];
if(compareResult == NSOrderedSame)  return 0;
if(compareResult == NSOrderedAscending)  return 1;
else return -1;
}
*/

/*  //对象数组过滤(NSPredicate)
NSArray  *keyArray=[[NSArray alloce]initWtihObjects:@"A",@"B",nil];
for (NSString *key in keyArray)
{
//定义规则:

NSPredicate *apredicate=[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF.name
beginswith[c]  %@",key]; //SELF.name是对象属性,beginswith[c]  %@",key
表示选出name以key开头的对象
//或者 :
NSPredicate *apredicate=[NSPredicate
predicateWithFormat:@"SELF.name contains [c]  %@",key]; //contains[c]
%@",key 表示选出name中包含有key的对象
//或者 :
NSInteger age=20;
NSPredicate *apredicate=[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF.age >  %i",age]; // 表示选出age>20的对象

//或者 :
NSString * matchStr=@"hel*";
NSPredicate *apredicate=[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF.name  like %@",matchStr]; // 表示选出name中包含与字符串matchStr相似的对象

NSArray *newArr=[theDataArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:apredicate];
[theDataDict setValue:newArr forKey:key];
}

*/

/*  //删除数组元素
NSMutableArray *tempArray=[[NSMutableArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"one",@"tow",@"threr",nil];
[tempArray removeObjectAtIndex:0];//从指定索引移除
[tempArray removeAllObjects];//移除所有元素
[tempArray removeLastObject];//移除最后那个元素
[tempArray removeObjectsInArray:newArray];//移除指定数组中元素
[tempArray  removeObjectsAtIndexes: NSIndexSet *__strong)];//从所选择的索引中移除
*/


加入元素到NSMutableDictionary中:

- (void)addCard:(AddressCard *)theCard forKey:(NSString *)theKey{

[_bookDictionary setObject:theCard forKey:theKey];

}

注意:当_bookDictionary中不存在key为theKey的元素时,则添加,否则覆盖。

遍历NSMutableDictionary中元素:

- (void)printBook{

for (id akey in [_bookDictionary allKeys]) {

AddressCard *singleCard= (AddressCard *)[_bookDictionary objectForKey:akey];

[singleCard print];

}

}

查找NSMutableDictionary中元素:

- (AddressCard *)findCardByName:(NSString *)theName{

for (id akey in [_bookDictionary allKeys]) {

AddressCard *theCard= (AddressCard *)[_bookDictionary objectForKey:akey];

if ([[theCard name] caseInsensitiveCompare:theName ]==NSOrderedSame){

return theCard;

}

}

return Nil;

}

使用时:

AddressCard *theCard= [myBook findCardByName:@"Tom1"];// 查找元素

if (theCard!=Nil) {

[theCard print];

}

根据key值删除NSMutableDictionary中元素:

- (void) removeCard:(NSString *)theKey{

[_bookDictionary removeObjectForKey:theKey];

}

删除NSMutableDictionary中所有元素:

- (void) removeAllCard{

[_bookDictionary removeAllObjects];

}

返回NSMutableDictionary中所有元素个数:

- (int)cardsCount{

return [_bookDictionary count];

}

排序NSMutableDictionary中元素:

放在NSMutableDictionary中的元素,进行遍历的顺序和存入的时候的顺序是不一定相同的。
所以,要进行排序输出。比如按照薪水的从低到高进行排序输出:

- (NSArray *)sortBySalaryForDictionary{

NSArray *sortedKeys= [_bookDictionary keysSortedByValueUsingSelector:@selector(compareBySalaryForDictionary:)];

return sortedKeys;

}

在类AddressCard类中,加入compareBySalaryForDictionary方法:

- (NSComparisonResult) compareBySalaryForDictionary:(id)element{

if (salary>[element salary]) {

return NSOrderedDescending;

}else if (salary<[element salary]) {

return NSOrderedAscending;

}else{

return NSOrderedSame;

}

}

可以看到,使用keysSortedByValueUsingSelector方法,返回的是排序后,的键。
那么,在使用时,按照key来进行排序输出:

NSArray *sortedKeys=[myBook sortBySalaryForDictionary];

for (NSString *theKey in sortedKeys) {

AddressCard *theCard=[myBook findCardByName:theKey];

[theCard print];

}


NSDictionary转换NSMutableDictionary

// Override point for customization after app launch
// create an immutable array
NSArray *arr = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"one", @"two", @"three", nil ];

// create a mutable copy, and mutate it
NSMutableArray *mut = [arr mutableCopy];
[mut removeObject: @"one"];
//[mut release];

NSMutableArray *mut1 = [mut mutableCopy];
[mut1 removeObjectAtIndex:0];
[mut1 release];
[mut release];

NSMutableArray *mut2 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"A", @"B", nil];
NSMutableArray *mut2_immut = [mut2 copy];
//crash here
//[myArray_immut removeObjectAtIndex:0];
[mut2_immut release];

// Copys object, result is mutable
NSMutableArray *mut2_mut = [mut2 mutableCopy];
[mut2_mut removeObjectAtIndex:0];
[mut2_mut release];


深度复制

目标:把NSDictionary对象转换成NSMutableDictionary对象,对象内容是字符串数组,需要实现完全复制(深复制)。
如果调用NSDictionary的mutableCopy方法,可以得到一个NSMutableDictionary对象,但这只是浅复制,如果我们修改NSDictionary中数组内的值(当然,数组必须是NSMutableArray),会发现,NSMutableDictionary对象内数组的值也跟着更改了。我们需要增加一个mutableDeepCopy方法来实现深复制,在该方法中,循环复制每一个元素。
要实现这一功能,有两种方法,一是继承,二是使用category。category与继承的区别在于,使用category并不是新建一个类,而是在原类的基础上增加一些方法(使用的时候还是用原类名),这样,我们就不需要修改已经在其他源文件中写好的类名,只需要导入h头文件,再把复制方法修改成我们新增的方法即可。
一、新建Objective-C category文件,我这Category填MutableDeepCopy,Category on填NSDictionary,所以生成的文件是NSDictionary+MutableDeepCopy.h和NSDictionary+MutableDeepCopy.m,生成的文件名很容易理解。
二、两文件源代码:

NSDictionary+MutableDeepCopy.h

C++代码  收藏代码

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface NSDictionary (MutableDeepCopy)
-(NSMutableDictionary *)mutableDeepCopy;
//增加mutableDeepCopy方法
@end

NSDictionary+MutableDeepCopy.m:

C++代码  收藏代码

#import "NSDictionary+MutableDeepCopy.h"

@implementation NSDictionary (MutableDeepCopy)
-(NSMutableDictionary *)mutableDeepCopy
{
NSMutableDictionary *dict=[[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:[self count]];
//新建一个NSMutableDictionary对象,大小为原NSDictionary对象的大小
NSArray *keys=[self allKeys];
for(id key in keys)
{//循环读取复制每一个元素
id value=[self objectForKey:key];
id copyValue;
if ([value respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableDeepCopy)]) {
//如果key对应的元素可以响应mutableDeepCopy方法(还是NSDictionary),调用mutableDeepCopy方法复制
copyValue=[value mutableDeepCopy];
}else if([value respondsToSelector:@selector(mutableCopy)])
{
copyValue=[value mutableCopy];
}
if(copyValue==nil)
copyValue=[value copy];
[dict setObject:copyValue forKey:key];

}
return dict;
}
@end

测试:

C++代码  收藏代码

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "NSDictionary+MutableDeepCopy.h"
//导入头文件
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{

@autoreleasepool {
NSMutableArray *arr1=[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"aa",@"bb",@"cc", nil];
NSDictionary *dict1=[[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:arr1,@"arr1", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",dict1);
NSMutableDictionary *dict2=[dict1 mutableCopy];
//浅复制
NSMutableDictionary *dict3=[dict1 mutableDeepCopy];
//深复制
[arr1 addObject:@"dd"];
NSLog(@"%@",dict2);
NSLog(@"%@",dict3);

}
return 0;
}
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