微信公众平台开发(82) 天气预报

在这篇教程中，我们将介绍如何在微信公众平台上开发天气预报功能。我们将使用中国天气网的气象数据接口来获取天气信息。

这篇教程将介绍以下内容：

获取中国天气网的气象数据

在微信公众平台中回复天气

一、中国天气网

中国天气网提供了丰富的气象数据接口。下面我们介绍主要的几个：

国家根节点接口：

http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/china.xml

该接口以XML格式列出所有的省（自治区、直辖市）的中文名称（quName）和拼音名称（pyName）及省会城市的天气信息，其中广东的数据如下：

<city quName="广东" pyName="guangdong" cityname="广州" state1="2" state2="7" stateDetailed="阴转小雨" tem1="8" tem2="15" windState="微风"/>

该接口的主要功能是通过它获取省级节点的拼音名称。以广东为例：其pyName是“Guangdong”。

省级节点接口（以广东为例）：

http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/Guangdong.xml

该接口以XML格式列出当前省下辖所有市的中文名称（quName）、拼音名称（pyName）、中心坐标、天气信息以及城市编码。其中深圳的数据如下所示：

<city cityX="409" cityY="257" cityname="深圳" centername="深圳" fontColor="FFFFFF" pyName="shenzhen" state1="1" state2="1" stateDetailed="多云" tem1="12" tem2="18" temNow="12" windState="微风" windDir="东北风" windPower="1级" humidity="74%" time="21:15" url="101280601"/>

在这个接口中主要获取城市名称及相应的城市编码。例如，深圳的城市编码为：101280601。可以编写程序将全国城市拓扑结构采集下来。也可以使用方倍工作室已经采集好的，点击这里下载。

实时天气数据（以深圳为例）：

http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/101280601.html

该接口以JSON格式列出当前城市的实时天气状况。如下所示：

{
"weatherinfo": {
"city": "深圳",
"cityid": "101280601",
"temp": "12",
"WD": "东北风",
"WS": "1级",
"SD": "75%",
"WSE": "1",
"time": "21:20",
"isRadar": "1",
"Radar": "JC_RADAR_AZ9755_JB"
}
}

实时天气数据参数说明下所示：



六日天气数据（以深圳为例）：

http://m.weather.com.cn/data/101280601.html

该接口以JSON格式列出当前城市的六日天气状况。如下所示：

{
"weatherinfo": {
"city": "深圳",
"city_en": "shenzhen",
"date_y": "2014年2月15日",
"date": "",
"week": "星期六",
"fchh": "18",
"cityid": "101280601",
"temp1": "12℃~18℃",
"temp2": "16℃~21℃",
"temp3": "17℃~23℃",
"temp4": "11℃~18℃",
"temp5": "10℃~15℃",
"temp6": "12℃~17℃",
"tempF1": "53.6℉~64.4℉",
"tempF2": "60.8℉~69.8℉",
"tempF3": "62.6℉~73.4℉",
"tempF4": "51.8℉~64.4℉",
"tempF5": "50℉~59℉",
"tempF6": "53.6℉~62.6℉",
"weather1": "多云",
"weather2": "阴",
"weather3": "多云",
"weather4": "中雨",
"weather5": "多云",
"weather6": "阴",
"img1": "1",
"img2": "99",
"img3": "2",
"img4": "99",
"img5": "1",
"img6": "99",
"img7": "8",
"img8": "99",
"img9": "1",
"img10": "99",
"img11": "2",
"img12": "99",
"img_single": "1",
"img_title1": "多云",
"img_title2": "多云",
"img_title3": "阴",
"img_title4": "阴",
"img_title5": "多云",
"img_title6": "多云",
"img_title7": "中雨",
"img_title8": "中雨",
"img_title9": "多云",
"img_title10": "多云",
"img_title11": "阴",
"img_title12": "阴",
"img_title_single": "多云",
"wind1": "微风",
"wind2": "微风",
"wind3": "微风",
"wind4": "东北风3-4级",
"wind5": "微风",
"wind6": "微风",
"fx1": "微风",
"fx2": "微风",
"fl1": "小于3级",
"fl2": "小于3级",
"fl3": "小于3级",
"fl4": "3-4级",
"fl5": "小于3级",
"fl6": "小于3级",
"index": "较舒适",
"index_d": "建议着薄外套、开衫牛仔衫裤等服装。年老体弱者应适当添加衣物，宜着夹克衫、薄毛衣等。",
"index48": "较舒适",
"index48_d": "建议着薄外套、开衫牛仔衫裤等服装。年老体弱者应适当添加衣物，宜着夹克衫、薄毛衣等。",
"index_uv": "最弱",
"index48_uv": "最弱",
"index_xc": "适宜",
"index_tr": "适宜",
"index_co": "舒适",
"st1": "19",
"st2": "13",
"st3": "23",
"st4": "16",
"st5": "24",
"st6": "18",
"index_cl": "适宜",
"index_ls": "适宜",
"index_ag": "不易发"
}
}

未来六日天气数据主要参数说明如下表所示：



以上接口是我们做天气预报功能将使用到的接口。

二、微信公众平台开发

1. 需要将城市编码对照表导入到数据库中，以下是SAE导入后截图



2. 将城市名转为城市代码的方法，这将在用户发送城市名的时候调用

1 function fromNameToCode($name)
2 {
3     $mysql_host = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_M;
4     $mysql_host_s = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_S;
5     $mysql_port = SAE_MYSQL_PORT;
6     $mysql_user = SAE_MYSQL_USER;
7     $mysql_password = SAE_MYSQL_PASS;
8     $mysql_database = SAE_MYSQL_DB;
9
10     $mysql_table = "weather";
11     $mysql_state = "SELECT * FROM ".$mysql_table." WHERE `cityName` = '".$name."'";
12
13     $con = mysql_connect($mysql_host.':'.$mysql_port, $mysql_user, $mysql_password, true);
14     if (!$con){
15         die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
16     }
17     mysql_query("SET NAMES 'UTF8'");
18     mysql_select_db($mysql_database, $con);
19     $result = mysql_query($mysql_state);
20     $cityCode = "";
21     while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
22     {
23         $cityCode = $row['cityCode'];
24         break;
25     }
26     mysql_close($con);
27     return $cityCode;
28 }

3. 编写接口调用函数，用于向天气网发送cURL请求，获取数据

1 function httpRequest($url)
2 {
3     $ch = curl_init();
4     curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
5     curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
6     $output = curl_exec($ch);
7     curl_close($ch);
8     if ($output === FALSE){
9         return "cURL Error: ". curl_error($ch);
10     }
11     return $output;
12 }

4. 编写获取天气数据的函数，这里获取实时天气和未来3日天气，并将返回结果封装成图文信息的数组

1 function getWeatherInfo($cityName)
2 {
3     $cityCode = fromNameToCode($cityName);
4
5     if ($cityCode == "")
6     {
7         return "错误的城市名或者此城市不在数据库中!";
8     }
9
10     //获取实时天气
11     $url = "http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/".$cityCode.".html";
12     $output = httpRequest($url);
13     $weather = json_decode($output, true);
14     $info = $weather['weatherinfo'];
15
16     $weatherArray = array();
17     $weatherArray[] = array("Title"=>$info['city']."天气预报", "Description"=>"", "PicUrl"=>"", "Url" =>"");
18     if ((int)$cityCode < 101340000){
19         $result = "实况 温度：".$info['temp']."℃ 湿度：".$info['SD']." 风速：".$info['WD'].$info['WSE']."级";
20         $weatherArray[] = array("Title"=>str_replace("%", "﹪", $result), "Description"=>"", "PicUrl"=>"", "Url" =>"");
21     }
22
23     //获取六日天气
24     $url = "http://m.weather.com.cn/data/".$cityCode.".html";
25     $output = httpRequest($url);
26     $weather = json_decode($output, true);
27     $info = $weather['weatherinfo'];
28
29     if (!empty($info['index_d'])){
30         $weatherArray[] = array("Title" =>$info['index_d'], "Description" =>"", "PicUrl" =>"", "Url" =>"");
31     }
32
33     $weekArray = array("日","一","二","三","四","五","六");
34     $maxlength = 3;
35     for ($i = 1; $i <= $maxlength; $i++) {
36         $offset = strtotime("+".($i-1)." day");
37         $subTitle = date("m月d日",$offset)." 周".$weekArray[date('w',$offset)]." ".$info['temp'.$i]." ".$info['weather'.$i]." ".$info['wind'.$i];
38         $weatherArray[] = array("Title" =>$subTitle, "Description" =>"", "PicUrl" =>"http://discuz.comli.com/weixin/weather/"."d".sprintf("%02u",$info['img'.(($i *2)-1)]).".jpg", "Url" =>"");
39     }
40
41     return $weatherArray;
42 }

5. 在微信公众平台接口函数中处理收到的文本消息时，文本将为城市名，直接调用获取天气的函数

1 /*
2     方倍工作室
3     CopyRight 2013 All Rights Reserved
4 */
5
6 define("TOKEN", "weixin");
7
8 $wechatObj = new wechatCallbackapiTest();
9 if (!isset($_GET['echostr'])) {
10     $wechatObj->responseMsg();
11 }else{
12     $wechatObj->valid();
13 }
14
15 class wechatCallbackapiTest
16 {
17     public function valid()
18     {
19         $echoStr = $_GET["echostr"];
20         if($this->checkSignature()){
21             echo $echoStr;
22             exit;
23         }
24     }
25
26     private function checkSignature()
27     {
28         $signature = $_GET["signature"];
29         $timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"];
30         $nonce = $_GET["nonce"];
31         $token = TOKEN;
32         $tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce);
33         sort($tmpArr);
34         $tmpStr = implode($tmpArr);
35         $tmpStr = sha1($tmpStr);
36
37         if($tmpStr == $signature){
38             return true;
39         }else{
40             return false;
41         }
42     }
43
44     public function responseMsg()
45     {
46         $postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"];
47         if (!empty($postStr)){
48             $this->logger("R ".$postStr);
49             $postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA);
50             $RX_TYPE = trim($postObj->MsgType);
51
52             switch ($RX_TYPE)
53             {
54                 case "event":
55                     $result = $this->receiveEvent($postObj);
56                     break;
57                 case "text":
58                     $result = $this->receiveText($postObj);
59                     break;
60             }
61             $this->logger("T ".$result);
62             echo $result;
63         }else {
64             echo "";
65             exit;
66         }
67     }
68
69     private function receiveEvent($object)
70     {
71         $content = "";
72         switch ($object->Event)
73         {
74             case "subscribe":
75                 $content = "欢迎关注方倍工作室 ";
76                 break;
77             case "unsubscribe":
78                 $content = "取消关注";
79                 break;
80         }
81         $result = $this->transmitText($object, $content);
82         return $result;
83     }
84
85     private function receiveText($object)
86     {
87         $keyword = trim($object->Content);
88
89         include("weather.php");
90         $content = getWeatherInfo($keyword);
91         $result = $this->transmitNews($object, $content);
92         return $result;
93     }
94
95
96     private function transmitText($object, $content)
97     {
98         $textTpl = "<xml>
99 <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName>
100 <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName>
101 <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime>
102 <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
103 <Content><![CDATA[%s]]></Content>
104 </xml>";
105         $result = sprintf($textTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), $content);
106         return $result;
107     }
108
109     private function transmitNews($object, $arr_item)
110     {
111         if(!is_array($arr_item))
112             return;
113
114         $itemTpl = "    <item>
115         <Title><![CDATA[%s]]></Title>
116         <Description><![CDATA[%s]]></Description>
117         <PicUrl><![CDATA[%s]]></PicUrl>
118         <Url><![CDATA[%s]]></Url>
119     </item>
120 ";
121         $item_str = "";
122         foreach ($arr_item as $item)
123             $item_str .= sprintf($itemTpl, $item['Title'], $item['Description'], $item['PicUrl'], $item['Url']);
124
125         $newsTpl = "<xml>
126 <ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName>
127 <FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName>
128 <CreateTime>%s</CreateTime>
129 <MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>
130 <Content><![CDATA[]]></Content>
131 <ArticleCount>%s</ArticleCount>
132 <Articles>
133 $item_str</Articles>
134 </xml>";
135
136         $result = sprintf($newsTpl, $object->FromUserName, $object->ToUserName, time(), count($arr_item));
137         return $result;
138     }
139
140     private function logger($log_content)
141     {
142     }
143 }

三、效果演示



四、如何扩展

1. 在数据库加入邮编、区号、拼音等字段，可以扩展成使用区号等方式查询，请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2013/02/07/weixin-if4-weather-forecast.html

2. 拥有高级接口的用户，可以使用结合语音识别+中文分词技术，实现语音版的智能查询，请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/archive/2013/02/06/weixin-if40-voice-recognition.html

五、关于接口更新

1. 中国天气网已经停步上述免费接口的更新，需要调用天气数据需要申请SWA接口。

地址 http://smart.weather.com.cn/wzfw/smart/weatherapi.shtml
2. 中国天气网的智慧天气接口在微信公众平台上的实现方法在《微信公众平台开发最佳实践》一书有讲解

地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/txw1958/p/weixin-development-best-practice.html