Android[高级教程] Android数据库SQLite表内设置外键

转：http://blog.csdn.net/kangx6/article/details/7003659

介绍：

安卓默认的数据是SQLite，但SQLite3.6.19之前是不支持外键的，如果有两张表需要关联，用外键是最省事的，但不支持的话怎么办呢？这里就有一个解决办法，就是用事务将两张表关联起来，并且最后生成一张视图。

现有两张表

Employees

Dept

视图

ViewEmps

:显示雇员信息和他所在的部门


创建数据库
自定义一个辅助类继承SQLiteOpenHelper类
1.

onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)

: 当数据库被创建的时候，能够生成表，并创建视图跟触发器。

2.

onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabse db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)

: 更新的时候可以删除表和创建新的表。

代码如下：

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public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

static final String dbName="demoDB";

static final String employeeTable="Employees";

static final String colID="EmployeeID";

static final String colName="EmployeeName";

static final String colAge="Age";

static final String colDept="Dept";

static final String deptTable="Dept";

static final String colDeptID="DeptID";

static final String colDeptName="DeptName";

static final String viewEmps="ViewEmps";

构造器

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public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {

super(context, dbName, null,33);

}

创建库中的表，视图和触发器

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public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE "+deptTable+" ("+colDeptID+ " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY , "+

colDeptName+ " TEXT)");

db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE "+employeeTable+"

("+colID+" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "+

colName+" TEXT, "+colAge+" Integer, "+colDept+"

INTEGER NOT NULL ,FOREIGN KEY ("+colDept+") REFERENCES

"+deptTable+" ("+colDeptID+"));");

//创建触发器

db.execSQL("CREATE TRIGGER fk_empdept_deptid " +

" BEFORE INSERT "+

" ON "+employeeTable+

" FOR EACH ROW BEGIN"+

" SELECT CASE WHEN ((SELECT "+colDeptID+" FROM "+deptTable+"

WHERE "+colDeptID+"=new."+colDept+" ) IS NULL)"+

" THEN RAISE (ABORT,'Foreign Key Violation') END;"+

" END;");

//创建视图

db.execSQL("CREATE VIEW "+viewEmps+

" AS SELECT "+employeeTable+"."+colID+" AS _id,"+

" "+employeeTable+"."+colName+","+

" "+employeeTable+"."+colAge+","+

" "+deptTable+"."+colDeptName+""+

" FROM "+employeeTable+" JOIN "+deptTable+

" ON "+employeeTable+"."+colDept+" ="+deptTable+"."+colDeptID

);

}

更新库中的表

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public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "+employeeTable);

db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "+deptTable);

db.execSQL("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS fk_empdept_deptid");

db.execSQL("DROP VIEW IF EXISTS "+viewEmps);

onCreate(db);

}

加入数据

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SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();

ContentValues cv=new ContentValues();

cv.put(colDeptID, 1);

cv.put(colDeptName, "Sales");

db.insert(deptTable, colDeptID, cv);

cv.put(colDeptID, 2);

cv.put(colDeptName, "IT");

db.insert(deptTable, colDeptID, cv);

db.close();

更新数据

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public int UpdateEmp(Employee emp)

{

SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();

ContentValues cv=new ContentValues();

cv.put(colName, emp.getName());

cv.put(colAge, emp.getAge());

cv.put(colDept, emp.getDept());

return db.update(employeeTable, cv, colID+"=?",

new String []{String.valueOf(emp.getID())});

}

删除数据

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public void DeleteEmp(Employee emp)

{

SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();

db.delete(employeeTable,colID+"=?", new String [] {String.valueOf(emp.getID())});

db.close();

}

取得所有部门信息

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Cursor getAllDepts()

{

SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase();

Cursor cur=db.rawQuery("SELECT "+colDeptID+" as _id,

"+colDeptName+" from "+deptTable,new String [] {});

return cur;

}

取得部门内雇员信息

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public Cursor getEmpByDept(String Dept)

{

SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase();

String [] columns=new String[]{"_id",colName,colAge,colDeptName};

Cursor c=db.query(viewEmps, columns, colDeptName+"=?",

new String[]{Dept}, null, null, null);

return c;

}

取得部门ID

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public int GetDeptID(String Dept)

{

SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase();

Cursor c=db.query(deptTable, new String[]{colDeptID+" as _id",colDeptName},

colDeptName+"=?", new String[]{Dept}, null, null, null);

//Cursor c=db.rawQuery("SELECT "+colDeptID+" as _id FROM "+deptTable+"

//WHERE "+colDeptName+"=?", new String []{Dept});

c.moveToFirst();

return c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("_id"));

}

上面部门和雇员信息的表因为实现的关联，所以更新和删除都会对对应的信息更新。
原网页：http://www.codeproject.com/KB/android/AndroidSQLite.aspx#