[转载]ECMA-262 6th Edition / Draft August 24, 2014 Draft ECMAScript Language Specification

http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-23.4

Draft

Report Errors and Issues at: https://bugs.ecmascript.org
Product: Draft for 6th Edition

Component: choose an appropriate one

Version: Rev 27, August 24, 2014 Draft

Ecma/TC39/2014/0xx

Contents

Introduction

1 Scope

2 Conformance

3 Normative references

4 Overview
4.1 Web Scripting

4.2 ECMAScript Overview
4.2.1 Objects

4.2.2 The Strict Variant of ECMAScript

4.3 Terms and definitions
4.3.1 type

4.3.2 primitive value

4.3.3 object

4.3.4 constructor

4.3.5 prototype

4.3.6 ordinary object

4.3.7 exotic object

4.3.8 standard object

4.3.9 built-in object

4.3.10 undefined value

4.3.11 Undefined type

4.3.12 null value

4.3.13 Null type

4.3.14 Boolean value

4.3.15 Boolean type

4.3.16 Boolean object

4.3.17 String value

4.3.18 String type

4.3.19 String object

4.3.20 Number value

4.3.21 Number type

4.3.22 Number object

4.3.23 Infinity

4.3.24 NaN

4.3.25 Symbol value

4.3.26 Symbol type

4.3.27 Symbol object

4.3.28 function

4.3.29 built-in function

4.3.30 property

4.3.31 method

4.3.32 built-in method

4.3.33 attribute

4.3.34 own property

4.3.35 inherited property

4.4 Organization of This Specification

5 Notational Conventions
5.1 Syntactic and Lexical Grammars
5.1.1 Context-Free Grammars

5.1.2 The Lexical and RegExp Grammars

5.1.3 The Numeric String Grammar

5.1.4 The Syntactic Grammar

5.1.5 Grammar Notation

5.2 Algorithm Conventions

5.3 Static Semantic Rules

6 ECMAScript Data Types and Values
6.1 ECMAScript Language Types
6.1.1 The Undefined Type

6.1.2 The Null Type

6.1.3 The Boolean Type

6.1.4 The String Type

6.1.5 The Symbol Type

6.1.6 The Number Type

6.1.7 The Object Type

6.2 ECMAScript Specification Types
6.2.1 The List and Record Specification Type

6.2.2 The Completion Record Specification Type

6.2.3 The Reference Specification Type

6.2.4 The Property Descriptor Specification Type

6.2.5 The Lexical Environment and Environment Record Specification Types

6.2.6 Data Blocks

7 Abstract Operations
7.1 Type Conversion and Testing
7.1.1 ToPrimitive ( input [, PreferredType] )

7.1.2 ToBoolean ( argument )

7.1.3 ToNumber ( argument )

7.1.4 ToInteger ( argument )

7.1.5 ToInt32 ( argument ) — Signed 32 Bit Integer

7.1.6 ToUint32 ( argument ) — Unsigned 32 Bit Integer

7.1.7 ToInt16 ( argument ) — Signed 16 Bit Integer

7.1.8 ToUint16 ( argument ) — Unsigned 16 Bit Integer

7.1.9 ToInt8 ( argument ) — Signed 8 Bit Integer

7.1.10 ToUint8 ( argument ) — Unsigned 8 Bit Integer

7.1.11 ToUint8Clamp ( argument ) — Unsigned 8 Bit Integer, Clamped

7.1.12 ToString ( argument )

7.1.13 ToObject ( argument )

7.1.14 ToPropertyKey ( argument )

7.1.15 ToLength ( argument )

7.1.16 CanonicalNumericIndexString ( argument )

7.2 Testing and Comparison Operations
7.2.1 RequireObjectCoercible ( argument )

7.2.2 IsCallable ( argument )

7.2.3 SameValue(x, y)

7.2.4 SameValueZero(x, y)

7.2.5 IsConstructor ( argument )

7.2.6 IsPropertyKey ( argument )

7.2.7 IsExtensible (O)

7.2.8 IsInteger ( argument )

7.2.9 Abstract Relational Comparison

7.2.10 Abstract Equality Comparison

7.2.11 Strict Equality Comparison

7.3 Operations on Objects
7.3.1 Get (O, P)

7.3.2 Put (O, P, V, Throw)

7.3.3 CreateDataProperty (O, P, V)

7.3.4 CreateDataPropertyOrThrow (O, P, V)

7.3.5 DefinePropertyOrThrow (O, P, desc)

7.3.6 DeletePropertyOrThrow (O, P)

7.3.7 GetMethod (O, P)

7.3.8 HasProperty (O, P)

7.3.9 HasOwnProperty (O, P)

7.3.10 Invoke(O,P, [args])

7.3.11 SetIntegrityLevel (O, level)

7.3.12 TestIntegrityLevel (O, level)

7.3.13 CreateArrayFromList (elements)

7.3.14 CreateListFromArrayLike (obj)

7.3.15 OrdinaryHasInstance (C, O)

7.3.16 GetPrototypeFromConstructor ( constructor, intrinsicDefaultProto )

7.3.17 CreateFromConstructor (F)

7.3.18 Construct (F, argumentsList)

7.3.19 GetOption (options, P)

7.3.20 EnumerableOwnNames (O)

7.3.21 GetFunctionRealm ( obj ) Abstract Operation

7.4 Operations on Iterator Objects
7.4.1 CheckIterable ( obj )

7.4.2 GetIterator ( obj, method )

7.4.3 IteratorNext ( iterator, value )

7.4.4 IteratorComplete ( iterResult )

7.4.5 IteratorValue ( iterResult )

7.4.6 IteratorStep ( iterator )

7.4.7 IteratorClose( iterator, completion )

7.4.8 CreateIterResultObject ( value, done )

7.4.9 CreateListIterator ( list )

7.4.10 CreateEmptyIterator ( )

7.4.11 CreateCompoundIterator ( iterator1, iterator2 )

7.5 Operations on Promise Objects
7.5.1 PromiseNew ( executor ) Abstract Operation

7.5.2 PromiseBuiltinCapability () Abstract Operation

7.5.3 PromiseOf (value) Abstract Operation

7.5.4 PromiseAll (promiseList) Abstract Operation

7.5.5 PromiseCatch (promise, rejectedAction) Abstract Operation

7.5.6 PromiseThen (promise, resolvedAction, rejectedAction) Abstract Operation

8 Executable Code and Execution Contexts
8.1 Lexical Environments
8.1.1 Environment Records

8.1.2 Lexical Environment Operations

8.2 Code Realms
8.2.1 CreateRealm ( ) Abstract Operation

8.2.2 CreateIntrinsics ( realmRec ) Abstract Operation

8.2.3 SetRealmGlobalObj ( realmRec, globalObj ) Abstract Operation

8.2.4 SetDefaultGlobalBindings ( realmRec ) Abstract Operation

8.3 Execution Contexts
8.3.1 ResolveBinding ( name ) Abstract Operation

8.3.2 GetThisEnvironment ( ) Abstract Operation

8.3.3 ResolveThisBinding ( ) Abstract Operation

8.3.4 GetGlobalObject ( ) Abstract Operation

8.4 Jobs and Job Queues
8.4.1 EnqueueJob ( queueName, job, arguments) Abstract Operation

8.4.2 NextJob result

8.5 Initialization
8.5.1 InitializeFirstRealm ( realm ) Abstract Operation

9 Ordinary and Exotic Objects Behaviours
9.1 Ordinary Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots
9.1.1 [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )

9.1.2 [[SetPrototypeOf]] (V)

9.1.3 [[IsExtensible]] ( )

9.1.4 [[PreventExtensions]] ( )

9.1.5 [[GetOwnProperty]] (P)

9.1.6 [[DefineOwnProperty]] (P, Desc)

9.1.7 [[HasProperty]](P)

9.1.8 [[Get]] (P, Receiver)

9.1.9 [[Set]] ( P, V, Receiver)

9.1.10 [[Delete]] (P)

9.1.11 [[Enumerate]] ()

9.1.12 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )

9.1.13 ObjectCreate(proto, internalSlotsList) Abstract Operation

9.1.14 OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor ( constructor, intrinsicDefaultProto, internalSlotsList )

9.2 ECMAScript Function Objects
9.2.1 [[GetOwnProperty]] (P)

9.2.2 [[Call]] ( thisArgument, argumentsList)

9.2.3 [[Construct]] ( argumentsList)

9.2.4 FunctionAllocate (functionPrototype, strict) Abstract Operation

9.2.5 FunctionInitialize (F, kind, Strict, ParameterList, Body, Scope) Abstract Operation

9.2.6 FunctionCreate (kind, ParameterList, Body, Scope, Strict) Abstract Operation

9.2.7 GeneratorFunctionCreate (kind, ParameterList, Body, Scope, Strict) Abstract Operation

9.2.8 AddRestrictedFunctionProperties ( F, realm ) Abstract Operation

9.2.9 MakeConstructor (F, writablePrototype, prototype) Abstract Operation

9.2.10 MakeMethod ( F, methodName, homeObject) Abstract Operation

9.2.11 SetFunctionName (F, name, prefix) Abstract Operation

9.2.12 CloneMethod(function, newHome, newName) Abstract Operation

9.2.13 FunctionDeclarationInstantiation(func, argumentsList, env ) Abstract Operation

9.3 Built-in Function Objects
9.3.1 [[Call]] ( thisArgument, argumentsList)

9.3.2 CreateBuiltinFunction(realm, steps, prototype, internalSlotsList) Abstract Operation

9.4 Built-in Exotic Object Internal Methods and Data Fields
9.4.1 Bound Function Exotic Objects

9.4.2 Array Exotic Objects

9.4.3 String Exotic Objects

9.4.4 Arguments Exotic Objects

9.4.5 Integer Indexed Exotic Objects

9.4.6 Module Exotic Objects

9.5 Proxy Object Internal Methods and Internal Slots
9.5.1 [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )

9.5.2 [[SetPrototypeOf]] (V)

9.5.3 [[IsExtensible]] ( )

9.5.4 [[PreventExtensions]] ( )

9.5.5 [[GetOwnProperty]] (P)

9.5.6 [[DefineOwnProperty]] (P, Desc)

9.5.7 [[HasProperty]] (P)

9.5.8 [[Get]] (P, Receiver)

9.5.9 [[Set]] ( P, V, Receiver)

9.5.10 [[Delete]] (P)

9.5.11 [[Enumerate]] ()

9.5.12 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )

9.5.13 [[Call]] (thisArgument, argumentsList)

9.5.14 [[Construct]] Internal Method

9.5.15 ProxyCreate(target, handler) Abstract Operation

10 ECMAScript Language: Source Code
10.1 Source Text
10.1.1 Static Semantics: UTF-16Encoding

10.1.2 Static Semantics: UTF16Decode(lead, trail)

10.2 Types of Source Code
10.2.1 Strict Mode Code

10.2.2 Non-ECMAScript Functions

11 ECMAScript Language: Lexical Grammar
11.1 Unicode Format-Control Characters

11.2 White Space

11.3 Line Terminators

11.4 Comments

11.5 Tokens

11.6 Names and Keywords
11.6.1 Identifier Names

11.6.2 Reserved Words

11.7 Punctuators

11.8 Literals
11.8.1 Null Literals

11.8.2 Boolean Literals

11.8.3 Numeric Literals

11.8.4 String Literals

11.8.5 Regular Expression Literals

11.8.6 Template Literal Lexical Components

11.9 Automatic Semicolon Insertion
11.9.1 Rules of Automatic Semicolon Insertion

11.9.2 Examples of Automatic Semicolon Insertion

12 ECMAScript Language: Expressions
12.1 Identifiers
12.1.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

12.1.2 Static Semantics: BoundNames

12.1.3 Static Semantics: StringValue

12.1.4 Runtime Semantics: BindingInitialization

12.1.5 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.2 Primary Expression
12.2.0 Semantics

12.2.1 The

this

Keyword

12.2.2 Identifier Reference

12.2.3 Literals

12.2.4 Array Initializer

12.2.5 Object Initializer

12.2.6 Function Defining Expressions

12.2.7 Regular Expression Literals

12.2.8 Template Literals

12.2.9 The Grouping Operator

12.3 Left-Hand-Side Expressions
12.3.1 Static Semantics

12.3.2 Property Accessors

12.3.3 The

new

Operator

12.3.4 Function Calls

12.3.5 The

super

Keyword

12.3.6 Argument Lists

12.3.7 Tagged Templates

12.4 Postfix Expressions
12.4.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

12.4.2 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.4.3 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.4.4 Postfix Increment Operator

12.4.5 Postfix Decrement Operator

12.5 Unary Operators
12.5.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

12.5.2 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.5.3 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.5.4 The

delete

Operator

12.5.5 The

void

Operator

12.5.6 The

typeof

Operator

12.5.7 Prefix Increment Operator

12.5.8 Prefix Decrement Operator

12.5.9 Unary

+

Operator

12.5.10 Unary

-

Operator

12.5.11 Bitwise NOT Operator (

~

)

12.5.12 Logical NOT Operator (

!

)

12.6 Multiplicative Operators
12.6.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.6.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.6.3 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.7 Additive Operators
12.7.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.7.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.7.3 The Addition operator (

+

)

12.7.4 The Subtraction Operator (

-

)

12.7.5 Applying the Additive Operators to Numbers

12.8 Bitwise Shift Operators
12.8.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.8.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.8.3 The Left Shift Operator (

<<

)

12.8.4 The Signed Right Shift Operator (

>>

)

12.8.5 The Unsigned Right Shift Operator (

>>>

)

12.9 Relational Operators
12.9.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.9.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.9.3 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.9.4 Runtime Semantics: InstanceofOperator(O, C)

12.10 Equality Operators
12.10.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.10.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.10.3 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.11 Binary Bitwise Operators
12.11.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.11.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.11.3 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.12 Binary Logical Operators
12.12.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.12.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.12.3 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.13 Conditional Operator (

? : )

12.13.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.13.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.13.3 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.14 Assignment Operators
12.14.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

12.14.2 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.14.3 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.14.4 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

12.14.5 Destructuring Assignment

12.15 Comma Operator (

, )

12.15.1 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

12.15.2 Static Semantics: IsValidSimpleAssignmentTarget

12.15.3 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13 ECMAScript Language: Statements and Declarations
13.0 Statement Semantics
13.0.1 Static Semantics: DeclarationPart

13.0.2 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

13.0.3 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

13.0.4 Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation

13.0.5 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.1 Block
13.1.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.1.2 Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames

13.1.3 Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations

13.1.4 Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames

13.1.5 Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyScopedDeclarations

13.1.6 Static Semantics: TopLevelVarDeclaredNames

13.1.7 Static Semantics: TopLevelVarScopedDeclarations

13.1.8 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

13.1.9 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

13.1.10 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.1.11 Runtime Semantics: BlockDeclarationInstantiation( code, env )

13.2 Declarations and the Variable Statement
13.2.1 Let and Const Declarations

13.2.2 Variable Statement

13.2.3 Destructuring Binding Patterns

13.3 Empty Statement
13.3.1 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.4 Expression Statement
13.4.1 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.5 The

if

Statement
13.5.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.5.2 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

13.5.3 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

13.5.4 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.6 Iteration Statements
13.6.0 Semantics

13.6.1 The

do

-

while

Statement

13.6.2 The

while

Statement

13.6.3 The

for

Statement

13.6.4 The

for

-

in

and

for

-

of

Statements

13.7 The

continue

Statement
13.7.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.7.2 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.8 The

break

Statement
13.8.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.8.2 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.9 The

return

Statement
13.9.1 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.10 The

with

Statement
13.10.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.10.2 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

13.10.3 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

13.10.4 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.11 The

switch

Statement
13.11.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.11.2 Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames

13.11.3 Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations

13.11.4 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

13.11.5 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

13.11.6 Runtime Semantics: CaseBlockEvaluation

13.11.7 Runtime Semantics: CaseSelectorEvaluation

13.11.8 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.12 Labelled Statements
13.12.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.12.2 Static Semantics: CurrentLabelSet

13.12.3 Static Semantics: IsLabelledFunction ( stmt )

13.12.4 Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames

13.12.5 Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations

13.12.6 Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyDeclaredNames

13.12.7 Static Semantics: TopLevelLexicallyScopedDeclarations

13.12.8 Static Semantics: TopLevelVarDeclaredNames

13.12.9 Static Semantics: TopLevelVarScopedDeclarations

13.12.10 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

13.12.11 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

13.12.12 Runtime Semantics: LabelledEvaluation

13.13 The

throw

Statement
13.13.1 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.14 The

try

Statement
13.14.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

13.14.2 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

13.14.3 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

13.14.4 Runtime Semantics: BindingInitialization

13.14.5 Runtime Semantics: CatchClauseEvaluation

13.14.6 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

13.15 The

debugger

statement
13.15.1 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

14 ECMAScript Language: Functions and Classes
14.1 Function Definitions
14.1.1 Directive Prologues and the Use Strict Directive

14.1.2 Static Semantics: Early Errors

14.1.3 Static Semantics: BoundNames

14.1.4 Static Semantics: Contains

14.1.5 Static Semantics: ContainsExpression

14.1.6 Static Semantics: ExpectedArgumentCount

14.1.7 Static Semantics: HasInitializer

14.1.8 Static Semantics: HasName

14.1.9 Static Semantics: IsAnonymousFunctionDefinition ( production) Abstract Operation

14.1.10 Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration

14.1.11 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

14.1.12 Static Semantics: IsSimpleParameterList

14.1.13 Static Semantics: IsStrict

14.1.14 Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames

14.1.15 Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations

14.1.16 Static Semantics: ReferencesSuper

14.1.17 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

14.1.18 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

14.1.19 Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody

14.1.20 Runtime Semantics: IteratorBindingInitialization

14.1.21 Runtime Semantics: InstantiateFunctionObject

14.1.22 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

14.2 Arrow Function Definitions
14.2.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

14.2.2 Static Semantics: BoundNames

14.2.3 Static Semantics: Contains

14.2.4 Static Semantics: ContainsExpression

14.2.5 Static Semantics: CoveredFormalsList

14.2.6 Static Semantics: ExpectedArgumentCount

14.2.7 Static Semantics: HasInitializer

14.2.8 Static Semantics: HasName

14.2.9 Static Semantics: IsSimpleParameterList

14.2.10 Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames

14.2.11 Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations

14.2.12 Static Semantics: ReferencesSuper

14.2.13 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

14.2.14 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

14.2.15 Runtime Semantics: IteratorBindingInitialization

14.2.16 Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody

14.2.17 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

14.3 Method Definitions
14.3.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

14.3.2 Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains

14.3.3 Static Semantics: ExpectedArgumentCount

14.3.4 Static Semantics: HasComputedPropertyKey

14.3.5 Static Semantics: PropName

14.3.6 Static Semantics: ReferencesSuper

14.3.7 Static Semantics: SpecialMethod

14.3.8 Runtime Semantics: DefineMethod

14.3.9 Runtime Semantics: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation

14.4 Generator Function Definitions
14.4.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

14.4.2 Static Semantics: BoundNames

14.4.3 Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains

14.4.4 Static Semantics: Contains

14.4.5 Static Semantics: HasComputedPropertyKey

14.4.6 Static Semantics: HasName

14.4.7 Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration

14.4.8 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

14.4.9 Static Semantics: PropName

14.4.10 Static Semantics: ReferencesSuper

14.4.11 Runtime Semantics: EvaluateBody

14.4.12 Runtime Semantics: InstantiateFunctionObject

14.4.13 Runtime Semantics: PropertyDefinitionEvaluation

14.4.14 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

14.5 Class Definitions
14.5.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

14.5.2 Static Semantics: BoundNames

14.5.3 Static Semantics: ConstructorMethod

14.5.4 Static Semantics: Contains

14.5.5 Static Semantics: ComputedPropertyContains

14.5.6 Static Semantics: HasName

14.5.7 Static Semantics: IsConstantDeclaration

14.5.8 Static Semantics: IsFunctionDefinition

14.5.9 Static Semantics: IsStatic

14.5.10 Static Semantics: NonConstructorMethodDefinitions

14.5.11 Static Semantics: PrototypePropertyNameList

14.5.12 Static Semantics: PropName

14.5.13 Static Semantics: StaticPropertyNameList

14.5.14 Runtime Semantics: ClassDefinitionEvaluation

14.5.15 Runtime Semantics: Evaluation

14.6 Tail Position Calls
14.6.1 Static Semantics: IsInTailPosition(nonterminal) Abstract Operation

14.6.2 Static Semantics: HasProductionInTailPosition

14.6.3 Runtime Semantics: PrepareForTailCall ( )

15 ECMAScript Language: Scripts and Modules
15.1 Scripts
15.1.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors

15.1.2 Static Semantics: IsStrict

15.1.3 Static Semantics: LexicallyDeclaredNames

15.1.4 Static Semantics: LexicallyScopedDeclarations

15.1.5 Static Semantics: VarDeclaredNames

15.1.6 Static Semantics: VarScopedDeclarations

15.1.7 Runtime Semantics: ScriptEvaluation

15.1.8 Runtime Semantics: GlobalDeclarationInstantiation

15.1.9 Runtime Semantics: ScriptEvaluationJob ( source )

15.2 Modules
15.2.0 Module Static Semantics

15.2.1 Imports

15.2.2 Exports

15.2.3 Runtime Semantics: Loader State

15.2.4 Runtime Semantics: Module Loading

15.2.5 Runtime Semantics: Module Linking

15.2.6 Runtime Semantics: Module Evaluation

16 Error Handling and Language Extensions
16.1 Forbidden Extensions

17 ECMAScript Standard Built-in Objects

18 The Global Object
18.1 Value Properties of the Global Object
18.1.1 Infinity

18.1.2 NaN

18.1.3 undefined

18.2 Function Properties of the Global Object
18.2.1 eval (x)

18.2.2 isFinite (number)

18.2.3 isNaN (number)

18.2.4 parseFloat (string)

18.2.5 parseInt (string , radix)

18.2.6 URI Handling Functions

18.3 Constructor Properties of the Global Object
18.3.1 Array ( . . . )

18.3.2 ArrayBuffer ( . . . )

18.3.3 Boolean ( . . . )

18.3.4 DataView ( . . . )

18.3.5 Date ( . . . )

18.3.6 Error ( . . . )

18.3.7 EvalError ( . . . )

18.3.8 Float32Array ( . . . )

18.3.9 Float64Array ( . . . )

18.3.10 Function ( . . . )

18.3.11 Int8Array ( . . . )

18.3.12 Int16Array ( . . . )

18.3.13 Int32Array ( . . . )

18.3.14 Map ( . . . )

18.3.15 Number ( . . . )

18.3.16 Object ( . . . )

18.3.17 Promise ( . . . )

18.3.18 RangeError ( . . . )

18.3.19 ReferenceError ( . . . )

18.3.20 RegExp ( . . . )

18.3.21 Set ( . . . )

18.3.22 String ( . . . )

18.3.23 Symbol ( . . . )

18.3.24 SyntaxError ( . . . )

18.3.25 TypeError ( . . . )

18.3.26 Uint8Array ( . . . )

18.3.27 Uint8ClampedArray ( . . . )

18.3.28 Uint16Array ( . . . )

18.3.29 Uint32Array ( . . . )

18.3.30 URIError ( . . . )

18.3.31 WeakMap ( . . . )

18.3.32 WeakSet ( . . . )

18.4 Other Properties of the Global Object
18.4.1 JSON

18.4.2 Math

18.4.3 Proxy ( . . . )

18.4.4 Reflect

18.4.5 System

19 Fundamental Objects
19.1 Object Objects
19.1.1 The Object Constructor

19.1.2 Properties of the Object Constructor

19.1.3 Properties of the Object Prototype Object

19.1.4 Properties of Object Instances

19.2 Function Objects
19.2.1 The Function Constructor

19.2.2 Properties of the Function Constructor

19.2.3 Properties of the Function Prototype Object

19.2.4 Function Instances

19.3 Boolean Objects
19.3.1 The Boolean Constructor

19.3.2 Properties of the Boolean Constructor

19.3.3 Properties of the Boolean Prototype Object

19.3.4 Properties of Boolean Instances

19.4 Symbol Objects
19.4.1 The Symbol Constructor

19.4.2 Properties of the Symbol Constructor

19.4.3 Properties of the Symbol Prototype Object

19.4.4 Properties of Symbol Instances

19.5 Error Objects
19.5.1 The Error Constructor

19.5.2 Properties of the Error Constructor

19.5.3 Properties of the Error Prototype Object

19.5.4 Properties of Error Instances

19.5.5 Native Error Types Used in This Standard

19.5.6 NativeError Object Structure

20 Numbers and Dates
20.1 Number Objects
20.1.1 The Number Constructor

20.1.2 Properties of the Number Constructor

20.1.3 Properties of the Number Prototype Object

20.1.4 Properties of Number Instances

20.2 The Math Object
20.2.1 Value Properties of the Math Object

20.2.2 Function Properties of the Math Object

20.3 Date Objects
20.3.1 Overview of Date Objects and Definitions of Abstract Operations

20.3.2 The Date Constructor

20.3.3 Properties of the Date Constructor

20.3.4 Properties of the Date Prototype Object

20.3.5 Properties of Date Instances

21 Text Processing
21.1 String Objects
21.1.1 The String Constructor

21.1.2 Properties of the String Constructor

21.1.3 Properties of the String Prototype Object

21.1.4 Properties of String Instances

21.1.5 String Iterator Objects

21.2 RegExp (Regular Expression) Objects
21.2.1 Patterns

21.2.2 Pattern Semantics

21.2.3 The RegExp Constructor

21.2.4 Properties of the RegExp Constructor

21.2.5 Properties of the RegExp Prototype Object

21.2.6 Properties of RegExp Instances

22 Indexed Collections
22.1 Array Objects
22.1.1 The Array Constructor

22.1.2 Properties of the Array Constructor

22.1.3 Properties of the Array Prototype Object

22.1.4 Properties of Array Instances

22.1.5 Array Iterator Objects

22.2 TypedArray Objects
22.2.1 The %TypedArray% Intrinsic Object

22.2.2 Properties of the %TypedArray% Intrinsic Object

22.2.3 Properties of the %TypedArrayPrototype% Object

22.2.4 The TypedArray Constructors

22.2.5 Properties of the TypedArray Constructors

22.2.6 Properties of TypedArray Prototype Objects

22.2.7 Properties of TypedArray Instances

23 Keyed Collection
23.1 Map Objects
23.1.1 The Map Constructor

23.1.2 Properties of the Map Constructor

23.1.3 Properties of the Map Prototype Object

23.1.4 Properties of Map Instances

23.1.5 Map Iterator Objects

23.2 Set Objects
23.2.1 The Set Constructor

23.2.2 Properties of the Set Constructor

23.2.3 Properties of the Set Prototype Object

23.2.4 Properties of Set Instances

23.2.5 Set Iterator Objects

23.3 WeakMap Objects
23.3.1 The WeakMap Constructor

23.3.2 Properties of the WeakMap Constructor

23.3.3 Properties of the WeakMap Prototype Object

23.3.4 Properties of WeakMap Instances

23.4 WeakSet Objects
23.4.1 The WeakSet Constructor

23.4.2 Properties of the WeakSet Constructor

23.4.3 Properties of the WeakSet Prototype Object

23.4.4 Properties of WeakSet Instances

24 Structured Data
24.1 ArrayBuffer Objects
24.1.1 Abstract Operations For ArrayBuffer Objects

24.1.2 The ArrayBuffer Constructor

24.1.3 Properties of the ArrayBuffer Constructor

24.1.4 Properties of the ArrayBuffer Prototype Object

24.1.5 Properties of the ArrayBuffer Instances

24.2 DataView Objects
24.2.1 Abstract Operations For DataView Objects

24.2.2 The DataView Constructor

24.2.3 Properties of the DataView Constructor

24.2.4 Properties of the DataView Prototype Object

24.2.5 Properties of DataView Instances

24.3 The JSON Object
24.3.1 JSON.parse ( text [ , reviver ] )

24.3.2 JSON.stringify ( value [ , replacer [ , space ] ] )

24.3.3 JSON [ @@toStringTag ]

25 Control Abstraction Objects
25.1 Iteration
25.1.1 Common Iteration Interfaces

25.1.2 The %IteratorPrototype% Object

25.2 GeneratorFunction Objects
25.2.1 The GeneratorFunction Constructor

25.2.2 Properties of the GeneratorFunction Constructor

25.2.3 Properties of the GeneratorFunction Prototype Object

25.2.4 GeneratorFunction Instances

25.3 Generator Objects
25.3.1 Properties of Generator Prototype

25.3.2 Properties of Generator Instances

25.3.3 Generator Abstract Operations

25.4 Promise Objects
25.4.1 Promise Abstract Operations

25.4.2 Promise Jobs

25.4.3 The Promise Constructor

25.4.4 Properties of the Promise Constructor

25.4.5 Properties of the Promise Prototype Object

25.4.6 Properties of Promise Instances

26 Reflection
26.1 The Reflect Object
26.1.1 Reflect.apply ( target, thisArgument, argumentsList )

26.1.2 Reflect.construct ( target, argumentsList )

26.1.3 Reflect.defineProperty ( target, propertyKey, attributes )

26.1.4 Reflect.deleteProperty ( target, propertyKey )

26.1.5 Reflect.enumerate ( target )

26.1.6 Reflect.get ( target, propertyKey [ , receiver ])

26.1.7 Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor ( target, propertyKey )

26.1.8 Reflect.getPrototypeOf ( target )

26.1.9 Reflect.has ( target, propertyKey )

26.1.10 Reflect.isExtensible (target)

26.1.11 Reflect.ownKeys ( target )

26.1.12 Reflect.preventExtensions ( target )

26.1.13 Reflect.set ( target, propertyKey, V [ , receiver ] )

26.1.14 Reflect.setPrototypeOf ( target, proto )

26.2 Loader Objects
26.2.1 The Reflect.Loader Constructor

26.2.2 Properties of the Loader Constructor

26.2.3 Properties of the Reflect.Loader Prototype Object

26.2.4 Properties of Reflect.Loader Instances

26.2.5 Loader Iterator Objects

26.3 The System Object

26.4 Proxy Objects
26.4.1 The Proxy Constructor Function

26.4.2 Properties of the Proxy Constructor Function

Annex A (informative) Grammar Summary
A.1 Lexical Grammar

A.2 Expressions

A.3 Statements

A.4 Functions and Scripts

A.5 Number Conversions

A.6 Universal Resource Identifier Character Classes

A.7 Regular Expressions

Annex B (normative) Additional ECMAScript Features for Web Browsers
B.1 Additional Syntax
B.1.1 Numeric Literals

B.1.2 String Literals

B.1.3 HTML-like Comments

B.1.4 Regular Expressions Patterns

B.2 Additional Built-in Properties
B.2.1 Additional Properties of the Global Object

B.2.2 Additional Properties of the Object.prototype Object

B.2.3 Additional Properties of the String.prototype Object

B.2.4 Additional Properties of the Date.prototype Object

B.2.5 Additional Properties of the RegExp.prototype Object

B.3 Other Additional Features
B.3.1 __proto__ Property Names in Object Initializers

B.3.2 Labelled Function Declarations

B.3.3 Block-Level Function Declarations Web Legacy Compatibility Semantics

B.3.4 FunctionDeclarations in IfStatement Statement Clauses.

B.3.5 VariableStatements in Catch blocks

Annex C (informative) The Strict Mode of ECMAScript

Annex D (informative) Corrections and Clarifications with Possible Compatibility Impact
D.1 In Edition 6

D.2 In Edition 5.1

D.3 In Edition 5

Annex E (informative) Additions and Changes That Introduce Incompatibilities with Prior Editions
E.1 In the 6th Edition

E.2 In the 5th Edition

Bibliography