使用httpClient进行接口测试

概述

现今很多Web应用开发都是分前后台的,后台开发提供接口调用返回Json对象,前台使用JS框架去加载后台返回的Json.本文以实例简述如何通过HttpClient测试这样的后台接口

 处理Json对象的基本API

JSON包中最常用的两个类就是JSONObject和JSONArray,具体可以参考JSON for java入门总结

如下是自己模仿的简单例子:

Java代码


 




package com.james.json;   
  
import org.json.JSONArray;   
import org.json.JSONObject;   
  
public class JsonTest {   
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {   
           
        // Test JSONObject.   
        JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject("{'name':'jingshou','age':30}");     
        String name = jsonobj.getString("name");     
        int age = jsonobj.getInt("age");   
        System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());   
        System.out.println(name+":"+age);    
        System.out.println("**********");   
           
        // Test JSONArray.   
        JSONArray jsonarray = new JSONArray("[{'name':'jingshou','age':30},{'name':'xiaohong','age':29}]");     
        for(int i=0;i<jsonarray.length();i++){   
            JSONObject jo = jsonarray.getJSONObject(i);   
            System.out.println(jo);   
            String name1 = jo.getString("name");   
            int age1 = jo.getInt("age");   
            System.out.println("name1= "+name1);   
            System.out.println("age1= "+age1);   
        }   
    }   
       
  
}  

package com.james.json;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class JsonTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Test JSONObject.
JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject("{'name':'jingshou','age':30}");
String name = jsonobj.getString("name");
int age = jsonobj.getInt("age");
System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());
System.out.println(name+":"+age);
System.out.println("**********");

// Test JSONArray.
JSONArray jsonarray = new JSONArray("[{'name':'jingshou','age':30},{'name':'xiaohong','age':29}]");
for(int i=0;i<jsonarray.length();i++){
JSONObject jo = jsonarray.getJSONObject(i);
System.out.println(jo);
String name1 = jo.getString("name");
int age1 = jo.getInt("age");
System.out.println("name1= "+name1);
System.out.println("age1= "+age1);
}
}

}

 运行结果如下:

Java代码


 




{"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}   
jingshou:30  
**********   
{"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}   
name1= jingshou   
age1= 30  
{"age":29,"name":"xiaohong"}   
name1= xiaohong   
age1= 29  

{"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}
jingshou:30
**********
{"age":30,"name":"jingshou"}
name1= jingshou
age1= 30
{"age":29,"name":"xiaohong"}
name1= xiaohong
age1= 29

 从以上例子我们看到的基本事实是:

可以通过字符串直接构造一个JSONObject
JSONObject里的key在显式传入的时候是用单引号包裹起来的,但是打印出来的时候依然是我们期望的双引号
使用httpclient处理API返回

如下例子演示如何使用httpClient获取API返回的JSON字符串以及处理:

Java代码


 




package com.james.json;   
  
import java.io.IOException;   
  
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;   
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;   
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;   
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;   
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;   
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;   
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;   
import org.json.JSONArray;   
import org.json.JSONObject;   
  
  
public class SimpleServiceTest {   
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
  
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();   
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://jingshou.com/admin/searchUser.action?search_loginid=jingshou");   
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);   
        try {   
            HttpEntity myEntity = response.getEntity();   
            System.out.println(myEntity.getContentType());   
            System.out.println(myEntity.getContentLength());   
               
            String resString = EntityUtils.toString(myEntity);   
            // 使用返回的字符串直接构造一个JSONObject       
            JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject(resString);   
            System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());   
            // 获取返回对象中"resultSize的值"
  
            int resutltSize = jsonobj.getInt("resultSize");   
            System.out.println("Search Results Size is: "+ resutltSize);    
            // 获取"clients"的值,它是一个JSONArray  
            JSONArray jsonarray = jsonobj.getJSONArray("clients");   
            System.out.println(jsonarray.toString());   
               
               
        } finally {   
            response.close();   
        }   
           
           
    }   
  
}  

package com.james.json;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class SimpleServiceTest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://jingshou.com/admin/searchUser.action?search_loginid=jingshou");
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity myEntity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println(myEntity.getContentType());
System.out.println(myEntity.getContentLength());

String resString = EntityUtils.toString(myEntity);
// 使用返回的字符串直接构造一个JSONObject
JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject(resString);
System.out.println(jsonobj.toString());
// 获取返回对象中"resultSize的值"
int resutltSize = jsonobj.getInt("resultSize");
System.out.println("Search Results Size is: "+ resutltSize);
// 获取"clients"的值,它是一个JSONArray
JSONArray jsonarray = jsonobj.getJSONArray("clients");
System.out.println(jsonarray.toString());

} finally {
response.close();
}

}

}

运行结果如下:

Java代码


 




Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8  
-1  
{"resultSize":1,"clients":[{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]}
  
Search Results Size is: 1  
[{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]  

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
-1
{"resultSize":1,"clients":[{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]}
Search Results Size is: 1
[{"expirationDate":0,"reqStatus":0,"mostRecentActivity":1388376890000,"clientName":"Jingshou Li","company":"Pending","internal":true,"clientId":"jingshou","salesNames":"","disabled":false}]

 小结:

通过API返回的JSON字符串直接构造JSON对象
如果要读取JSONObject内部数据,需要事先知道对象的结构,所以以上处理方法不具有通用性,只能处理特定的返回
补充学习:
http://cgs1999.iteye.com/blog/1608003 http://cgs1999.iteye.com/blog/1609756