决策树代码实现

代码说明：

函数：createDataSet():初始化

函数：calcShannonEnt(dataSet)：求取熵

函数：splitDataSet(dataSet, axis, value)：依据axis，与value进行划分

函数：chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet)：根据信息增益，得出适合划分的特征；

def createDataSet():
    dataSet = [[1, 1, 'yes'],
               [1, 1, 'yes'],
               [1, 0, 'no'],
               [0, 1, 'no'],
               [0, 1, 'no']]
    labels = ['no surfacing','flippers']
    #change to discrete values
    return dataSet, labels

def calcShannonEnt(dataSet):
    numEntries = len(dataSet)
    labelCounts = {}
    for featVec in dataSet: #the the number of unique elements and their occurance
        currentLabel = featVec[-1]
        if currentLabel not in labelCounts.keys(): labelCounts[currentLabel] = 0
        labelCounts[currentLabel] += 1
    shannonEnt = 0.0
    for key in labelCounts:
        prob = float(labelCounts[key])/numEntries
        shannonEnt -= prob * log(prob,2) #log base 2
    return shannonEnt
    
def splitDataSet(dataSet, axis, value):
    retDataSet = []
    for featVec in dataSet:
        if featVec[axis] == value:
            reducedFeatVec = featVec[:axis]     #chop out axis used for splitting
            reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis+1:])
            retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec)
    return retDataSet
    
def chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet):
    numFeatures = len(dataSet[0]) - 1      #the last column is used for the labels
    baseEntropy = calcShannonEnt(dataSet)
    bestInfoGain = 0.0; bestFeature = -1
    for i in range(numFeatures):        #iterate over all the features
        featList = [example[i] for example in dataSet]#create a list of all the examples of this feature
        uniqueVals = set(featList)       #get a set of unique values
        newEntropy = 0.0
        for value in uniqueVals:
            subDataSet = splitDataSet(dataSet, i, value)
            prob = len(subDataSet)/float(len(dataSet))
            newEntropy += prob * calcShannonEnt(subDataSet)     
        infoGain = baseEntropy - newEntropy     #calculate the info gain; ie reduction in entropy
        if (infoGain > bestInfoGain):       #compare this to the best gain so far
            bestInfoGain = infoGain         #if better than current best, set to best
            bestFeature = i
    return bestFeature

def majorityCnt(classList):
    classCount={}
    for vote in classList:
        if vote not in classCount.keys(): classCount[vote] = 0 
        classCount[vote] += 1
    sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]

def createTree(dataSet,labels):
    classList = [example[-1] for example in dataSet]
    if classList.count(classList[0]) == len(classList): 
        return classList[0]#stop splitting when all of the classes are equal
    if len(dataSet[0]) == 1: #stop splitting when there are no more features in dataSet
        return majorityCnt(classList)
    bestFeat = chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet)
    bestFeatLabel = labels[bestFeat]
    myTree = {bestFeatLabel:{}}
    del(labels[bestFeat])
    featValues = [example[bestFeat] for example in dataSet]
    uniqueVals = set(featValues)
    for value in uniqueVals:
        subLabels = labels[:]       #copy all of labels, so trees don't mess up existing labels
        myTree[bestFeatLabel][value] = createTree(splitDataSet(dataSet, bestFeat, value),subLabels)
    return myTree    
    
def classify(inputTree,featLabels,testVec):
    firstStr = inputTree.keys()[0]
    secondDict = inputTree[firstStr]
    featIndex = featLabels.index(firstStr)
    key = testVec[featIndex]
    valueOfFeat = secondDict[key]
    if isinstance(valueOfFeat, dict): 
        classLabel = classify(valueOfFeat, featLabels, testVec)
    else: classLabel = valueOfFeat
    return classLabel

测试代码：把上面函数放到文件tree.py中

import sys 
import trees

myDat ,labels = trees.createDataSet();
print myDat;
print labels;
print trees.calcShannonEnt(myDat);
#myDat[0][-1]="maybe";
print myDat;
print trees.calcShannonEnt(myDat);
print trees.splitDataSet(myDat, 0, 1); 
print trees.splitDataSet(myDat, 0, 0); 

print trees.splitDataSet(myDat, 1, 1); 
print trees.splitDataSet(myDat, 1, 0); 

tree = trees.createTree(myDat,labels);
print tree;

myDat ,labels = trees.createDataSet();                                                                                                                                                                                                      
print labels;

print trees.classify(tree, labels, [1,1]);

结果：

[[1, 1, 'yes'], [1, 1, 'yes'], [1, 0, 'no'], [0, 1, 'no'], [0, 1, 'no']]
['no surfacing', 'flippers']
0.970950594455
[[1, 1, 'yes'], [1, 1, 'yes'], [1, 0, 'no'], [0, 1, 'no'], [0, 1, 'no']]
0.970950594455
[[1, 'yes'], [1, 'yes'], [0, 'no']]
[[1, 'no'], [1, 'no']]
[[1, 'yes'], [1, 'yes'], [0, 'no'], [0, 'no']]
[[1, 'no']]
{'no surfacing': {0: 'no', 1: {'flippers': {0: 'no', 1: 'yes'}}}}
['no surfacing', 'flippers']
yes