C++学习之标准库泛型算法_STL算法

参见http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/std/

标准库中的算法主要在algorithm、numeric两个头文件，注意有些是只能在C++11下使用，比如all_of,any_of。还有就是标准库算法的参数在C98下是需要程序员来确保正确的比如：

template <class OutputIterator, class Size, class T>
OutputIterator fill_n (OutputIterator first, Size n, const T& val)

的参数n为非负，还有一些算法的迭代器范围的有效性也需要确保正确，否则会引起未定义的行为。

下面列出这两个头文件中的函数名和功能简介，具体算法模板的实现、复杂度、实例请参考上面的链接。

Functions in <algorithm>

Non-modifying sequence operations:

all_of
Test condition on all elements in range (function template )

any_of
Test if any element in range fulfills condition (function template )

none_of
Test if no elements fulfill condition (function template )

for_each
Apply function to range (function template )

find
Find value in range (function template )

find_if
Find element in range (function template )

find_if_not
Find element in range (negative condition) (function template )

find_end
Find last subsequence in range (function template )

find_first_of
Find element from set in range (function template )

adjacent_find
Find equal adjacent elements in range (function template )

count
Count appearances of value in range (function template )

count_if
Return number of elements in range satisfying condition (function template )

mismatch
Return first position where two ranges differ (function template )

equal
Test whether the elements in two ranges are equal (function template )

is_permutation
Test whether range is permutation of another (function template )

search
Search range for subsequence (function template )

search_n
Search range for elements (function template )
Modifying sequence operations:

copy
Copy range of elements (function template )

copy_n
Copy elements (function template )

copy_if
Copy certain elements of range (function template )

copy_backward
Copy range of elements backward (function template )

move
Move range of elements (function template )

move_backward
Move range of elements backward (function template )

swap
Exchange values of two objects (function template )

swap_ranges
Exchange values of two ranges (function template )

iter_swap
Exchange values of objects pointed by two iterators (function template )

transform
Transform range (function template )

replace
Replace value in range (function template )

replace_if
Replace values in range (function template )

replace_copy
Copy range replacing value (function template )

replace_copy_if
Copy range replacing value (function template )

fill
Fill range with value (function template )

fill_n
Fill sequence with value (function template )

generate
Generate values for range with function (function template )

generate_n
Generate values for sequence with function (function template )

remove
Remove value from range (function template )

remove_if
Remove elements from range (function template )

remove_copy
Copy range removing value (function template )

remove_copy_if
Copy range removing values (function template )

unique
Remove consecutive duplicates in range (function template )

unique_copy
Copy range removing duplicates (function template )

reverse
Reverse range (function template )

reverse_copy
Copy range reversed (function template )

rotate
Rotate left the elements in range (function template )

rotate_copy
Copy range rotated left (function template )

random_shuffle
Randomly rearrange elements in range (function template )

shuffle
Randomly rearrange elements in range using generator (function template )
Partitions:

is_partitioned
Test whether range is partitioned (function template )

partition
Partition range in two (function template )

stable_partition
Partition range in two - stable ordering (function template )

partition_copy
Partition range into two (function template )

partition_point
Get partition point (function template )

Sorting:

sort
Sort elements in range (function template )

stable_sort
Sort elements preserving order of equivalents (function template )

partial_sort
Partially sort elements in range (function template )

partial_sort_copy
Copy and partially sort range (function template )

is_sorted
Check whether range is sorted (function template )

is_sorted_until
Find first unsorted element in range (function template )

nth_element
Sort element in range (function template )

Binary search (operating on partitioned/sorted ranges):

lower_bound
Return iterator to lower bound (function template )

upper_bound
Return iterator to upper bound (function template )

equal_range
Get subrange of equal elements (function template )

binary_search
Test if value exists in sorted sequence (function template )

Merge (operating on sorted ranges):

merge
Merge sorted ranges (function template )

inplace_merge
Merge consecutive sorted ranges (function template )

includes
Test whether sorted range includes another sorted range (function template )

set_union
Union of two sorted ranges (function template )

set_intersection
Intersection of two sorted ranges (function template )

set_difference
Difference of two sorted ranges (function template )

set_symmetric_difference
Symmetric difference of two sorted ranges (function template )

Heap:

push_heap
Push element into heap range (function template )

pop_heap
Pop element from heap range (function template )

make_heap
Make heap from range (function template )

sort_heap
Sort elements of heap (function template )

is_heap
Test if range is heap (function template )

is_heap_until
Find first element not in heap order (function template )

Min/max:

min
Return the smallest (function template )

max
Return the largest (function template )

minmax
Return smallest and largest elements (function template )

min_element
Return smallest element in range (function template )

max_element
Return largest element in range (function template )

minmax_element
Return smallest and largest elements in range (function template )

Other:

lexicographical_compare
Lexicographical less-than comparison (function template )

next_permutation
Transform range to next permutation (function template )

prev_permutation
Transform range to previous permutation (function template )

Functions in <numeric>

accumulate
Accumulate values in range (function template )

adjacent_difference
Compute adjacent difference of range (function template )

inner_product
Compute cumulative inner product of range (function template )

partial_sum
Compute partial sums of range (function template )

iota
Store increasing sequence (function template )